South African schools have experienced a high rate of educator turnover which has led to greater school instability, disruption of curricular cohesiveness and a continual need to hire experienced and inexperienced educators, who may be typically less effective, as replacements for educators who leave. Unfortunately, principals of schools lack organizational capacity to provide the necessary management strategies that can enhance educators’ job satisfaction. Since the principals are fully responsible for the proper functioning of the schools and their personnel, this study explored the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels within the context of South African schools. It examined how management strategies of principals impact on job satisfaction levels of educators in various school environments. The study explored literature from local and international perspectives on management strategies and the job satisfaction of educators. It described the background and findings of the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels from an education management perspective. For the empirical inquiry the study adopted a qualitative research paradigm, and as such, a qualitative investigation of the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels in schools was conducted. Non-probability sampling methods were used to select a sample of six school principals and twelve educators. Individual and focus group interviews were used in data collection and were audio-recorded. Throughout the research study, ethical considerations were upheld. Data analysis involved a mix of content and thematic analysis instruments. The study findings determined the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels. An understanding of human relationship is very important to school principals who have the responsibility of establishing an environment that not only motivates educators, but can also help to enhance their job satisfaction levels in a positive way. An understanding of educators’ needs also helps school principals to devise management strategies to enhance the job satisfaction levels of educators. Based on the findings, recommendations to improve the management strategies of school principals in the enhancement of educators’ job satisfaction were proposed. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Anotace: The thesis "The motivation for the teaching profession" dealt with fundamental problems of motivation to the teaching profession. In the theoretical part, we have focused on general characteristics of terms that pertain to the teaching profession, particularly the theory of the teaching profession, the choice of the teaching profession, the phase of the teaching profession, teacher typology, the role of teacher training and professionalization of teachers, but also washed into the teaching profession, status of teachers in society, the prestige of the teaching profession, on motivation and disincentives to the teaching profession, teachers' job satisfaction and coping in the teaching profession. Based on this theoretical target was set of thesis and research work was carried out. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the motivation of students second and 3 year master's program, major in Teaching for elementary schools, the Faculty of natural sciences, humanities and teaching Technical University in Liberec, which leads to the choice and the teaching profession. Research has therefore focused mainly on the circumstances of the election of teacher training, assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching profession, the prestige of the teaching profession, etc. The research was...

This study aimed at exploring the level of job satisfaction among academic staff members in Ethiopian public universities. For this purpose, a conceptual framework incorporating group of constructs, namely university policies and support, working conditions, student achievement, and demographic factors was developed based on the literature reviewed in the study. A descriptive survey research design was employed in the study to collect and analyse quantitative data obtained from participants. Clustered and systematic random sampling techniques were used in the study to choose 400 academic staff members from eight public universities. A questionnaire comprising closed- and open-ended questions, and Likert scale items was adapted in order to gather data from the participants. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyse the relationships between all the study constructs with the help of IBM SPSS, version 25. The study revealed that there were significant differences among different demographic groups, and positive relationships between job satisfaction and its defining constructs. The study also found that most of the academic staff members were dissatisfied with their jobs. Female academic staff members were more significantly dissatisfied with students‟ discipline policy, university governance and support, their salary, workload, communication, and students‟ achievement than male academic staff members. Male academic staff members were, however, more significantly satisfied with the promotion policy and more significantly dissatisfied with reward than the female academic staff members. The study revealed that academic staff members significantly differed in the level of job satisfaction corresponding to their age and qualification. The study also indicated that academic staff members significantly differed in the level of job satisfaction corresponding to their work experience and academic rank. Significant correlations between the eight constructs and job satisfaction of academic staff members were also found in the study. Finally, the study recommended directions for policy amendment and implications for practice and future research relevant to the issue under study. / Educational Studies / D. Phil. (Education)

本研究旨在探討學前教師工作壓力、工作滿意度對於幸福感之影響及三者之關係。首先，瞭解學前教師工作壓力、工作滿意度與幸福感之現況；其次分析不同個人背景變項在三者中之差異情形；第三，探究學前教師工作壓力、工作滿意度與幸福感三者之相關情形；第四，以二因子多變量變異數分析討論學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度對幸福感之交互作用；最後，以多元迴歸方式，瞭解工作壓力、工作滿意度對幸福感之預測力。 本研究透過文獻探討以及問卷調查法來瞭解上述研究之目的，以「學前教師工作壓力問卷」、「學前教師工作滿意度問卷」與「教師主觀幸福感量表」為研究工具。以臺北市公、私立學前教師為研究母群體，有效樣本為231份，根據受試者之填達結果分別以平均數、標準差、t檢定、皮爾森積差相關、二因子多變量變異數分析以及多元迴歸來分析資料。本研究主要結論如下： 壹、臺北市學前教師工作壓力偏低，其中壓力感受以「工作特性」最大；且工作滿意度偏高，其中以「教學自主」最讓教師感到滿意；且具有中度幸福感，以「情緒幸福感」為主。 貳、公立學前教師較易感受到工作壓力，且以「工作特性」壓力感受最大。資淺教師較易於工作滿意度之「人際關係」中感到滿意。資深教師在「心理幸福感」比資淺教師更感到幸福。已婚教師對於工作滿意度之「獎勵制度」滿意度高於未婚教師。 参、臺北市學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度及幸福感有顯著負相關；而工作滿意度則與幸福感有顯著正相關。 肆、臺北市學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度對「整體幸福感」及「心理幸福感」有交互作用。 伍、臺北市學前教師工作壓力與工作滿意度各對幸福感及其三構面具有預測力。 最後，研究者根據上述之研究結果提出具體建議，以提供給幼稚園、學前教師以及後續研究者作為參考。 / The main purposes of this study were to:（a）understand the current situation of the kindergarten teachers’ job stress, job satisfaction and subjective well-being；（b）analyze the data of the kindergarten teachers’ job stress, job satisfaction and subjective well-being between different backgrounds；（c）explore the relationship between these three variables；（d）use MANOVA（Multivariate Analysis of Variance）to analyze the interaction of kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction vs. subjective well-being；（e）finally, use Multiple Regression Analysis to explore the predictive power of the kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction on subjective well-being. To accomplish these purposes, the methods adopted were a comprehensive literature review and a questionnaire. Three scales were used to measure the following constructs: “Job Stress Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”,“Job Satisfaction Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”,“Subjective Well-Being Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”.There were 231 valid cases from public and private kindergarten teachers participated in this survey in Taipei. The questionnaire data were analyzed by “Mean”, “Standard Deviation”, “T-test”, “Pearson Product-Moment Correlation”, “MANOVA”,“Multiple Regression Analysis”. The major results were summarized as follows: 1、 Kindergarten teachers have middle-low job stress；and have high job satisfaction , highest score appears in “teaching autonomy”；and have middle subjective well-being , highest score appears in “emotional well-being”. 2、 Public kindergarten teachers have high job stress, highest score appears in “job characteristics”. The junior teachers have job satisfaction in “interpersonal relationship”. The senior teachers have more “psychological well-being” than the junior teachers. The married teachers have more “reward system” than the single teacher. 3、 There is a negative correlation between kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction in Taipei. There is a negative correlation between kindergarten teachers’ job stress and subjective well-being in Taipei. There is a positive correlation between kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction and subjective well-being in Taipei. 4、 The kindergarten teachers’ job stress and job satisfaction vs. subjective well-being have interaction. 5、kindergarten teachers job stress and job satisfaction have predictive power. At last, to bring up some concrete suggestion according to the study outcomes as references for kindergarten, kindergarten teachers, and correlated study in the future. Keywords: kindergarten teachers, kindergarten teachers’ job stress, kindergarten teachers’ job satisfaction, kindergarten teachers’ Subjective Well-Being

本研究主要目的為：一、了解學校本位決策的意義、目的、特色、原則與倡導理由，以及哲學、社會學與心裡學理論基礎。二、探索學校本位決策的歷史沿革與典範轉移。三、分析國內外學校本位決策的實施概況與困境，並探索推動學校本位決策的可行策略。四、找出可供檢視學校本位決策符合程度的因素，並探討此因素與校長領導方式、教師工作滿意度的關係。五、根據學校本位決策的相關文獻與國內學校本位決策情形的實證研究，提出可供參考的建議。 本研究以自編「學校本位決策工作環境知覺問卷」為工具，抽取臺灣地區160所公、私立國民小學973位教師為對象，調查其所任教學校符合學校本位決策的現況，以及校長領導方式、教師工滿意度的情形，並探究三者間的關係。本研究將學校本位決策分為「決策參與」、「決策自主」、「決策尊重」、「團體決策」與「家長參與」等五個向度，將校長領導方式分為「民主」與「威權」兩個向度，而將教師工作滿意度區分為「行政管理」、「工作本身」、「校長領導」與「同僚關係」等四個向度。 本研究主要研究發現如下： 一、國小校務決策方式符合學校本位決策的程度 1.學校本位決策情形大致符合。 2.決策自主程度最高，決策尊重程度最低。 3.參與班級事務的決策較多，參與學校事務的決策較少。 4.小型學校的學校本位決策程度高於中、大型學校。 5.女校長領導的學校，其學校本位決策程度高於男校長領導的學校。 6.院轄市的學校，其學校本位決策情形高於省縣轄市與鄉鎮離島的學校。 二、校長領導方式與學校本位決策的關係 1.校長領導方式愈民主，則學校本位決策愈易塑造。 2.校長領導方式愈威權，則學校本位決策愈難塑造。 三、學校本位決策與教師工作滿意度的關係 1.學校本位決策程度愈高，則教師的工作滿意度也愈高。 2.學校決策參與的程度愈高，則教師對行政管理與校長領導的滿意度也愈高。 3.學校決策自主的程度愈高，則教師對行政管理、工作本身、校長領導與同僚關係的滿意度也愈高。 4.學校愈尊重教師的決策，則教師對行政管理與校長領導的滿意度也愈高。 5.學校採用團體決策的程度愈高，則教師對行政管理、工作本身與同僚關係的滿意度也愈高。 6.家長參與學校決策的程度愈高，則教師對校長領導的滿意度也就愈低。 四、校長領導方式、學校本位決策與教師工作滿意度的整體關係 1.校長的民主領導取向會影響學校本位決策情形，而學校本位決策情形也會影響教師的工作滿意度。 2.民主領導較會影響決策參與、自主、尊重、團體決策與家長參與，而威權領導僅會影響決策參與和尊重。 3.決策自主較會影響教師對行政管理、工作本身、校長領導與同僚關係的滿意度，而團體決策影響教師對同僚關係的滿意度，家長參與會影響教師對校長領導的滿意度。 本研究並對學校、教育行政單位與未來研究方向提供以下幾點建議： 一、對學校的建議： 1.領導者應加強民主領導能力的培養，避免採用威權的領導方式；2.給予教師更多自主決策的空間，以提升教師的工作滿意度；3.加強團隊合作，以提高教師的工作滿意度；4.鼓勵家長適度參與，建立親師合作的伙伴關係；5.調整校長的角色扮演，以利學校本位決策的實施；6.授權教師或學生參與決策，減少行政管理上的衝突。 二、對教育行政單位的建議： 1.實施學校本位決策，以提升教師工作滿意度；2.發展小型學校，以利學校本位決策的推行；3.提高非都市地區的決策自主與家長參與，以均衡城鄉決策品質的差異；4.實施學校本位決策時，應以學生學習效果的提高為目標，而非爭奪權力；5.確立中央、地方與學校的權限與責任劃分；6.在開放參與的同時，應強化配套措施的設計。 三、對未來研究的建議： 1.在研究對象方面--擴大研究的群體；2.在研究方法方面--深化研究的脈絡；3.在研究工具方面--增加決策的向度；4.在研究變項方面--探討其他變項的關連。 / The purposes of the study were (1) to understand meanings, objectives, characteristics, principles, reasons of advocacy and theoretical perspectives of school-based decision making（SBDM）； (2) to inquiry into the historical development of SBDM；(3) to analyze its difficulties and strategies when implementing SBDM； (4) to address the relationships among SBDM, the principal's leadership, and teachers' job satisfaction; (5) to propose suggestions based on results. A questionnaire developed in the study was mailed to a total sample of 973 respondents in 160 elementary schools. The relationships among SBDM, principal's leadership style, and teachers' job satisfaction were inquired. From the statistical analysis of the results, the main findings of this study were drawn: 1.It accords with SBDM above average level in the elementary school. Teachers get the most autonomy and the least respect in the process of participation in school decision making. Teachers participate in work-level decisions more than organizational-level decisions. Small schools are more accordant with SBDM than middle schools and large schools. A schools led by a female principal is more accordant with SBDM than a school led by a male principal. Schools in metropolitans are more accordant with SBDM than schools in prefectures, cities, towns, and islands. 2.A principal is more democratic, the school led by him is more accordant with SBDM. Adversely, a principal is more authoritative, the school led by him is less accordant with SBDM. 3.It is more accordant with SBDM in the elementary school, teachers' job satisfaction is greater. Teachers participate in decision making more often, and they feel more satisfactory about school administrative management and principal's leadership. Teachers participate in decision making more autonomous, and they feel more satisfactory about school administrative management, work, principal's leadership, and colleague relationships. Teachers have the respect of the school to participate in decision making more often, and teachers feel more satisfactory about school administrative management and principal's leadership. Teachers make decision through teamwork more often, and they feel more satisfactory about school administrative management, work, and colleague relationships. Parents participate in decision making more often, but teachers feel less satisfactory about school administrative management, work, and colleague relationships. 4.Democratic leadership influences the success of SBDM, and the implementation of SBDM influences teachers' job satisfaction. Democratic leadership increases participative decision making, autonomous decision making, respectful decision making, group decision making, and parents participation. Authoritative leadership decreases participative decision making and respectful decision making. Autonomous decision making influences teachers' job satisfaction about school administrative management, work, principal leadership, and colleague relationship. Group decision making influences teachers' job satisfaction about colleague relationships. Parents participation influences teachers' job satisfaction about principal's leadership. Suggestions for the elementary schools, educational administrative institutions, and future study are provided. Firstly, six suggestions for the elementary schools are as follow： 1.Cultivate democratic leadership；2.Make teachers participate in decision making more autonomous；3.Encourage teamwork；4.Let parents participate in decision making moderately, so build parents-teacher partnership；5.Adjust the principal leadership to feminine leadership style. 6. Include teachers and students in the decision making processes of schooling. Secondly, six suggestions for educational administrative institutions are as follow: 1.Implement SBDM to increase teachers' job satisfaction；2.Diminish scale of a school to make SBDM succeed more easily；3.Let decision making more autonomous and parents participation more often in non-metropolitans；4.Focus the main goal of SBDM on increasing student learning；5.Identify authority and power of the central office, local areas, and schools；6.Implement SBDM along with other relative policies. Finally, four suggestions for future study are as follow: 1.Enlarge scopes of population；2.Adopt much more 0research methods；3.Increase dimensions of participation；4.Study more relative variables with SBDM.

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting job satisfaction at the Coastal Kwa Zulu Natal (KZN) Further Education and Training (FET) COLLEGE - SWINTON CAMPUS in order to determine the factors that lead to job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, to measure these factors and to present findings and make recommendations to management and the Department of Education in order to promote and improve job satisfaction at the college. The data was collected and administered by means of a structured questionnaire based on the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). It was discovered that most of the academic staff draw their job satisfaction from having a positive working relationship with management, their relationships with their peers, their training needs and the training provided from the college, and the condition of their staff room. It was found that educators mostly derive their job dissatisfaction from the absence of recognition for work done, remuneration and the benefits that they receive, company policies and practices, achievement and advancement, feedback and communication, the ability to work independently and creatively and the general working conditions of the college. It was found that staff was generally dissatisfied with their jobs. / Management Sciences / M.Tech. (Business Administration)

The aim of the study was to investigate the motivation and job satisfaction of teachers in the Ilembe District of KwaZulu-Natal. To this end, a literature study was undertaken on relevant theories and on the results of previous research on the issue. This was followed by an empirical investigation. The research design was a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. During the quantitative phase, a structured questionnaire was completed by 100 respondents from five secondary schools. The qualitative phase involved a phenomenological study in which 16 teachers from the same schools were interviewed. This research found that the teachers generally exhibited high self-efficacies. Teachers with positive self-efficacies were more satisfied with their physical environments and their school’s cultures than the others. However, teachers of different age groups, post levels and personality types were in agreement that the physical working conditions at rural schools were not conducive to effective teaching and learning. Parental involvement in school matters was restricted due to poverty and illiteracy. These factors served to lower teacher motivation and job satisfaction. In addition, teachers believed that school policies related to remuneration, safety and security, school governance, and assessments and evaluations needed to be revised if teacher motivation and job satisfaction were to be raised. Teachers were unhappy with their workloads and the multiple roles they played at school. With respect to interpersonal relations, their relations with their school principals, School Management Teams and parents were unconstructive. Many learners were also ill-disciplined and underachievers. Some significant differences in perceptions were found. Male teachers were more satisfied with policies, interpersonal relationships and school organisation. African teachers were happier than Indian teachers with policies and the nature of the work. Teachers with 26 and more years of experience were less negative about their physical environments. Qualifications also made a difference: teachers with certificates only were the least satisfied with their physical environments, school organisation and structure. Most importantly, teachers who were given the opportunity to demonstrate their potential to be successful, was significantly more satisfied with work-related issues. The study made recommendations to improve the motivation and job satisfaction of teachers. / Education Leadership and Management / D.Ed.(Education Management)

South African schools have experienced a high rate of educator turnover which has led to greater school instability, disruption of curricular cohesiveness and a continual need to hire experienced and inexperienced educators, who may be typically less effective, as replacements for educators who leave. Unfortunately, principals of schools lack organizational capacity to provide the necessary management strategies that can enhance educators’ job satisfaction. Since the principals are fully responsible for the proper functioning of the schools and their personnel, this study explored the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels within the context of South African schools. It examined how management strategies of principals impact on job satisfaction levels of educators in various school environments. The study explored literature from local and international perspectives on management strategies and the job satisfaction of educators. It described the background and findings of the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels from an education management perspective. For the empirical inquiry the study adopted a qualitative research paradigm, and as such, a qualitative investigation of the relationship between the management strategies of school principals and the educators’ job satisfaction levels in schools was conducted. Non-probability sampling methods were used to select a sample of six school principals and twelve educators. Individual and focus group interviews were used in data collection and were audio-recorded. Throughout the research study, ethical considerations were upheld. Data analysis involved a mix of content and thematic analysis instruments. The study findings determined the relationship between management strategies of principals and educators’ job satisfaction levels. An understanding of human relationship is very important to school principals who have the responsibility of establishing an environment that not only motivates educators, but can also help to enhance their job satisfaction levels in a positive way. An understanding of educators’ needs also helps school principals to devise management strategies to enhance the job satisfaction levels of educators. Based on the findings, recommendations to improve the management strategies of school principals in the enhancement of educators’ job satisfaction were proposed. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

This study investigated teachers' attitudes towards a career in rural schools. The aims of this study were broken into two, namely, the primary and secondary aims. The primary aim was to find out whether rural secondary school teachers hold a positive or a negative attitude towards a career in rural schools. The secondary aim was also broken into two. The first secondary aim was to find out whether rural secondary school teachers' personal characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, rank, qualification and teaching experience in rural school(s), as well as the school in which the teacher teaches, have a significant influence on their attitudes towards a career in rural schools. The second secondary aim was to determine the nature of attitudes with regard to A-B-C components of attitudes. To this end, a questionnaire was compiled and used as an attitude rating scale. The questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of one hundred and thirty four rural secondary school teachers from six schools, under Mehlwesizwe circuit in KwaZulu-Natal. Statistical analyses were conducted to fulfil the aims of the study and to test the research hypotheses stated. This study revealed that rural secondary school teachers hold a negative attitude towards a career in rural schools. It also revealed that, irrespective of teachers' personal characteristics, their attitude towards a career in rural school is the same, that is, it is negative. Therefore it was concluded that teachers' personal variables have no significant influence on their attitudes. This study also revealed that, statistically, there were significant differences in the affective and cognitive components of attitude but differences in the behavioural component were not significant. This indicated that the affective and cognitive components are more closely related to each other than they are with the behavioural component. On the basis of teachers' responses to attitude statements, the researcher offered two lines of direction as recommendation, namely, "Rethink resource allocation" and "Direction of restructuring". The former will assist in improving the conditions under which rural teachers work and the circumstances surrounding their workplace. The latter will assist in collaborating the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) structures at national, regional and local level with the Department of Education and Culture, as well as with the private sector, for improving the conditions under which rural teachers work. In that case teachers' attitudes towards a career in rural schools might be changed from negative to positive. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)