The major purpose of this study is to explore the preservice teachers¡¦ teaching beliefs, its influential factors and teacher belief changes after teaching practicum courses and teaching reflection. There are two main purposes of this study: (1)To explore preservice teachers¡¦ teaching beliefs and its influential factors. (2)To explore preservice teachers¡¦ teaching reflection during teaching practicum courses. For achieving the above purposes of the study, it took one semester to collect data and interviews for exploring teaching beliefs, classroom observation, microteaching, field experiences and teaching reflection and analyzing preservice teachers¡¦ teaching beliefs, influential factors and teaching reflection in concept mapping, assignments and interviews. The final provides some suggestions for teaching professional growth and the improvement of teacher education. The results indicated that preservice teacher¡¦s teaching beliefs are through single to diversification and progress substitute for traditions in the varied age. After a series of teaching practicum courses, teaching beliefs cannot practice teaching behavior. There are three main factors: (1)The classroom observation: according to mentor¡¦s pedagogy, it is back to traditional teaching. (2)The external factor: under the pressure of obtaining high degrees, on the basis of the premise that the grade of the student was improved results in a learning instruction style which teachers are active but the students are passive. (3)The internal factor: unfamiliar teaching experience and lack of professional knowledge result in differences between teaching beliefs and teaching behaviors. Reflective behavior of the preservice teacher has three stages: (1)The optimistic teaching beliefs for field experiences: to understand curriculum planning is difficult. (2)Unexpected problems in field experiences: even though preservice teachers understand the problem in confused classroom, they can not improve their teaching behaviors immediately. (3)Face to reality situation of teaching on field experiences: preservice teachers are conscious of curriculum planning imperfect , lack of explanation ability , to ¡§guess¡¨ students¡¦ prior knowledge, lack of the ability of classroom management and professional knowledge for teaching.

none

none

本研究主要目的為:(一)探討不同背景變項的國中教師,其科學信念是否有差異,(二)探究國中教師科學信念與教學信念的關係,(三)探究國中教師科學信念與教學行為的關係,(四)探究國中教師科學信念與教學信念,教學行為的關係. 本研究以自編"國中教師科學信念與教學信念,教學行為量表"(教師用)與"教室知覺量表"(學生用)為工具,抽取台北縣,台北市,及桃園縣14所公立國民中學159位國中教師為對象,調查國中教師科學信念的現況;再以班級為單位,抽取184位教師及其任教班級的學生為對象(184班),探討國中教師科學信念與教學信念,教學行為的關係. 主要研究結果如下: 一.不同背景變項的國中教師與科學信念之關係: 1.男教師在絕對主義與評判主義科學信念的得分皆高於女教師. 2.資深教師比資淺教師傾向絕對主義科學信念,資淺教師比資深教師傾向相對主義 科學信念. 3.自然科教師與非自然科教師的科學信念沒有顯著差異. 二.科學信念與教學信念的關係: 1.絕對主義科學信念愈強,保守控制教學信念愈強. 2.相對主義科學信念愈強,保守控制教學信念愈弱. 3.評判主義科學信念愈強,適應學生教學信念愈強. 三.科學信念與教學行為的關係:評判主義科學信念愈強,則支持行為出現的愈多,控制行為出現得愈少. 四.科學信念與教學信念,教學行為的關係: 1.絕對主義科學信念愈強,則保守控制教學信念愈強,控制行為出現得愈多. 2.相對主義科學信念愈弱,則保守控制教學信念愈強,控制行為出現得愈多. 3.評判主義科學信念愈強,則適應學生教學信念愈強,支持行為出現得愈多. 本研究並對教育實務與未來研究方向,提供以下幾點建議: 一.在教育實務方面: 1.實施反省性師範教育方案 2.培養教師具有開放民主的評判主義信念 3.肯定教師在職進修的重要性 4.重視國中教師的科學素養 5.教師在教學時,宜重視學生的感受. 二.在未來研究方向: 1.配合多種方法研究教師的科學信念 2.對教師科學信念進行縱貫性研究 3.探討不同科學哲學課題下,教師所持有的科學信念 4.可以做跨學科領域的調查,來探討教師的科學信念 5.編製信效度良好的科學信念量表 6.探討相對主義科學信念所影響的教學行為.

本研究的目的在於了解國中教師資訊科技融入教學的情形，並探討教師教學信念、科技學科教學知識(Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, TPACK)和知識創新學習環境間的關係；同時並分析教師背景變項對TPACK表現造成的影響。 本研究的問題主要如下：(1)了解教師在不同背景變項下其TPACK表現是否有所不同？(2)探討教師的教學信念、TPACK和學生知識創新學習環境之間是否具有相關？(3)教師的教學信念是否對教師的TPACK表現具有預測力？(4)教師的TPACK表現是否對知識創新學習環境具有預測力？ 本研究改編外語教師TPCK調查研究問卷(Chai et al., 2011)和知識創新學習環境(Lin et al., 2014)之問卷，形成本研究資訊融入教學的問卷，對桃園市國中老師390位進行施測，統計方法上使用一般描述性統計、皮爾遜積差相關、單因子多變異數分析、多元迴歸分析以驗證假設問題。 研究發現如下：(1)教學年資較淺、任教術科教師、有使用教學平台及每周上網時間較長的教師在TPACK表現較佳。(2)學習者中心的教師信念、TPACK和知識創新學習環境之間具有顯著關係存在。(3)學習者中心的教學信念對TPACK的表現具最佳預測力。(4)教師的TPACK能力對知識創新學習環境也具預測力。本研究並根據上述研究發現提出相關的結論與建議以供教師或教育機關參考。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), teaching belief, and knowledge building environment, in order to understand how teachers may integrate information technologies into their instruction. This study attempts to answer the following research questions: (1) what are some major demographic variables that may influence middle school teachers’ TPACK level? (2) How are teaching belief, TPACK level, and knowledge building environment related to one another? (3) Can teaching belief help predict middle-school teachers’ TPACK level? (4) Can higher TPACK level help teachers to cultivate more creative knowledge building environment? Data from 390 samples were obtained from middle school teachers in Taoyuan, Taiwan, through an adapted survey. The statistics employed for data analysis include descriptive statistics , Pearson's correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. The major findings were as follow：(1) Teachers who had less years of teaching experiences, or taught non-examination-oriented subjects, or had experiences of using teaching platforms or used Internet more often, tended to have higher TPACK level. (2)There were significant correlations among teaching belief, TPACK level, and knowledge building environment. (3)Student-centered teaching belief was found to predict teachers’ TPACK level. (4) Higher TPACK level was also found to predict teachers’ capacity to foster more creative knowledge building environment. Based on the findings, relevant conclusions and suggestions were also made for teachers and educational policy-makers.

本研究旨在探討實習課對職前華語文教師教學信念與教學行為之影響，以某國立大學華語文教學碩士學程二年級的七位台籍學生為研究對象。首先，教學信念之探討係透過質性訪談、試教後的反思札記、及修改前後之教案等相關資料進行分析；其次，教學行為的探討則以剖析職前華語文教師試教錄影檔案中的行為表現為主；最後，再進行交叉比對，以探究教學信念與教學行為之間的關係。主要研究問題為：第一，實習課如何影響職前華語文教師教學信念(共分為教學方式、師生角色、課程與教材、教學任務四個面向進行探討)？第二，藉著實習課錄影檔案，探究職前華語文教師的具體教學表現行為為何？第三，教學信念及教學行為之間的關係為何？分析方式則是藉由Nvivo 統計分析軟體編碼以質化方式分析教學信念，其次以量化方式分析教學行為，然後再以紮根理論方式探討教學信念與教學行為間的關係。 研究結果顯示：(一)本個案中的教學實習課對職前華語文教師所形塑之教學信念較趨向效能取向; (二)本個案中的教學實習課對職前華語文教師教學行為之影響主要為提高其以學生中心方式教學的比例; (三)本個案中的職前華語文教師之教學信念與教學行為間的關係並非完全一致，而是呈現出些微相異處；(四)整體而言，教學實習課有助於職前華語文教師增進教學專業能力，亦其助其瞭解學習者特性知識與教育現場所需的脈絡知識。最後，根據研究結果，本研究提出相關建議供未來華語文師資教育之參考。 / This case study aims to understand how teaching practicum might impact pre-service teachers’ teaching beliefs and teaching practices. Participants were seven Taiwanese Chinese language pre-service teachers who were in their 2nd year of graduate study and they were from the Department of Teaching Chinese as Second Language at a national university in Taiwan. To implement, firstly, this study analyzed pre-service teachers’ teaching beliefs using qualitative interviews, reflective teaching journals, and their teaching plans and other relevant information. These data were coded by using Nvivo statistical software. Secondly, this study analyzed pre-service teachers’ teaching practice using their videotaped records. Lastly, this study made use of all above collected data in a more integrated manner to analyze the relationship between pre-service teachers’ teaching beliefs and their teaching practices based on grounded theory. The main findings of this study include the following: (1) After teaching practicum, the teaching beliefs of the participating pre-service teachers became more efficiency-oriented; (2) After teaching practicum, the teaching practices of the participating pre-service teachers became more likely to perform more student-centered teaching; (3) It was found that the relationship between pre-service teachers’ teaching beliefs and teaching practices was not fully consistent; (4) Overall, it was found that teaching practicum employed in this course not only enhanced pre-service teachers’ professional teaching ability but also equipped them with more knowledge of learners, as well as learners’ characteristics, and more knowledge of educational contexts. Based on the findings, three suggestions for cultivating more effective Chinese language pre-service teachers were made.

本研究旨在探討以英語為國際語 (English as an International Language) 之理論將如何影響高中英語教師之教學信念的想法(reflection)與改變(transition)。本研究探討的主要議題，包含了英語的所有權(ownership)、英語標準(standard)與英語的相互理解(intelligibility)，教師對個人形象(self-image)與個人認知(identity)，以及英語發音教學等議題。 本研究的研究對象為三位高中英語教師，採質性研究進行資料收集，包含一次訪談、兩次讀書會研討以及一份問卷。首先，為要探討研究對象對以英語為國際語之理論的認知，採用訪談與問卷進行研究。之後，又進行了兩次讀書會研討，研究對象對其理論有更近一步認識以進行反思與討論，最後用同一份問卷比較研究對象的教學信念是否產生變化。 研究結果顯示研究對象的教學信念並沒有因為對其理論有更近一步的認識後而有所改變。然而，他們對其理論之議題的反思卻深化了對本研究之詮釋深度。在探討其理論之議題時，研究對象也清楚的說明了為何不能接受此理論之因素。 研究最後提出研究總結、教學之建議，及未來進一步研究可行之方向。 / This study investigates how the infusion of the EIL (English as an International Language) ideology might contribute to the transition of and the reflection from the English teachers in the senior high school. The targeted infusion includes several major issues in the EIL ideology: the ownership of English, the standard and the intelligibility of EIL, the self-image and identity issues, and the EIL phonology teaching beliefs. A qualitative research is conducted to collect data from three English teachers in a senior high school. One interview, two study group meetings and one questionnaire were utilized in the study. In the beginning, the interview and the questionnaire were applied so as to discover the subjects’ knowledge about the EIL ideology. The study group meetings later were held to serve as the infusion of the EIL ideology in the research. After the meetings, the same questionnaire was used again to demonstrate whether the transition occurred in the research. The results show that no obvious transition of the EIL ideology occurs before and after the infusion. However, the reflection of the three subjects provides richness and depth of interpretation for the study. In the discussion of the major issues of the EIL ideology, the subjects articulate factors of their low degree of acceptance of the EIL ideology in class. Lastly, summary of the study, pedagogical implications, and suggestions for further research are provided.