Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulo_brito.pdf: 674840 bytes, checksum: 7e8af7d18efdc331b641bba54aeb7a5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-28 / This study aimed to investigate, in the available contemporary literature, the digital bridging in general, and specifically the access possibilities of brazilian citizens to new communication technologies the existence of such possibilities classifies an individual as digitally included . The study started with those theories that explain inclusion and exclusion. Digital exclusion (or digital divide), a set of interdictions that block the access of individuals to modern resources of digital communication, was found inside the social exclusion, and was studied so. The research on the subject regarding Brazil was performed preliminarily with some of the few works that were found on the theme, and then with the help of data surveys of IBGE on the possession of microcomputers, telephone lines and the availability of internet access, regarding not only individuals but households as well. Among our conclusions, we should remark these: 1) Brazil is needing more studies on this subject, since we found a good number of research on digital bridging in other languages and based on other countries but just a few in portuguese and regarding Brazil; 2) The main digital bridging actions have been done without any further assessment, what means that its results remain unknown; thus, it is impossible to tell if the knowledge acquired during these actions changes culture and behavior of an individual, turning him into an included in the digital communication world / Este estudo procurou investigar, dentro da literatura contemporânea disponível, a inclusão digital em geral, e especificamente as possibilidades de acesso dos brasileiros às novas tecnologias de comunicação a existência da possibilidade de acesso classifica o indivíduo como um incluído digital. O trabalho foi iniciado tomando por base as teorias que explicam inclusão e exclusão, percorrendo depois teorias e pesquisas relacionadas à exclusão social. A exclusão digital, um conjunto de interdições que impedem o acesso de indivíduos aos modernos recursos de comunicação digital, foi localizada dentro da exclusão social e assim estudada. A pesquisa sobre o assunto em relação ao Brasil foi feita preliminarmente a partir das poucas obras que tratam desse tema, e depois com o auxílio de dados de levantamentos do IBGE relativos à posse de microcomputadores, telefones e disponibilidade de acesso à Internet, referentes não só a indivíduos como também a domicílios. Entre as conclusões, devemos ressaltar as de que: 1) o Brasil está necessitando de estudos mais aprofundados sobre o assunto, já que localizamos boa quantidade de pesquisas sobre a Inclusão Digital em outras línguas e sobre outros países mas poucas em português e sobre essa questão no Brasil; 2) as grandes ações de inclusão digital estão sendo feitas sem acompanhamento posterior, ou seja, os resultados não são conhecidos, não sendo possível, portanto, concluir se o conhecimento adquirido nessas ações transforma a cultura e o comportamento do indivíduo, a ponto de torná-lo de fato um incluído no mundo da comunicação digital

The discourse that surrounds and constitutes the post-human emerged as a response to earlier claims of an essential or universal human or human nature. These discussions claim that the human is a discursive construct that emerges from various configurations of nature, embodiment, technology, and culture, configurations that have also been variously shaped by the forces of social history. And in the absence of an essential human figure, post-human discourses suggest that there are no restrictions or limitations on how the human can be reconfigured. This axiom has been extended in light of a plethora of technological reconfigurations and augmentations now potentially available to the human, and claims emerge from within this literature that these new technologies constitute a range of possibilities for future human biological evolution. This thesis questions the assumption contained within these discourses that technological incursions or reconfigurations of the biological human necessarily constitute human biological or human social evolution by discussing the role the evolution theories plays in our understanding of the human, the social, and technology. In this thesis I show that, in a reciprocal process, evolution theory draws metaphors from social institutions and ideologies, while social institutions and ideologies simultaneously draw on metaphors from evolution theory. Through this discussion, I propose a form of evolution literacy; a tool, I argue, is warranted in developing a sophisticated response to changes in both human shape and form. I argue that, as a whole, our understanding of evolution constitutes a metanarrative, a metaphor through which we understand the place of the human within the world; it follows that historical shifts in social paradigms will result in new definitions of evolution. I show that contemporary evolution theory reflects parts of the world as codified informatic systems of associated computational network logic through which the behaviour of participants is predefined according to an evolved or programmed structure. Working from within the discourse of contemporary evolution theory I develop a space through which a version of the post-human figure emerges. I promote this version of the post-human as an Artificial Intelligence computational programme or autonomous agent that, rather than seeking to replace, reduce or deny the human subject, is configured as an exosomatic supplement to and an extension of the biological human.

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The primary objective of this analysis is to uncover the tools of Facebook identity construction. Because Facebook users have the ability to control the images and information associated with their profiles, reactionary scholars typically classify Facebook identity as a symptom of cultural narcissism. However, I seek to displace the fixation on the newness of the medium in order to interrogate the possibility of a society that has internalized surveillance. Using Michel Foucault’s theories on panopticism and heterotopia, I examine the role photographs play in the construction of an individual on Facebook, and the ways in which user photographs are positioned into social memory construction.