The aim of this thesis was to examine, describe and assess in detail the method, process, and outcome of the first national Turkish technology foresight study - Vizyon 2023 - and draw conclusions about its effect on the Turkish science, technology and innovation system. Technology foresight has gained widespread acceptance all over the world as a policy tool used in identifying future technologies, setting priorities, formulating science and technology policies and wiring up the national system of innovation. In this context, a review of the literature on technology foresight is undertaken and major concepts are established. The cases of the French and Hungarian technology foresights are examined in comparison to the Turkish technology foresight. Particular emphasis is given to describe the link to science and technology policy of the Vizyon 2023 technology foresight in order to assess its immediate and expected impacts. It is concluded that the Vizyon 2023 technology foresight was a carefully practiced study in line with current trends and knowledge, the linkage to policy was successful, but the result fell short in pointing to clear directions in terms of the implementation agenda. Furthermore, it is ascertained that the science and technology strategy formulated on the basis of the Vizyon 2023 Technology Foresight can only be successful, if implemented with the close coordination and collaboration of all actors of the national innovation system.

In the UK many industries are suffering as a result of business being lost to competition abroad. Raising the technical content of a company’s product or service may enable them to increase its competitiveness and hence retain or even increase business. A Trade Association exists to represent the interests of its members. One way that this can be realized is by provision of technical information to its members to support raising the technical content of their members’ products or services. The provision of technical information entails sourcing information, collecting it and then disseminating it in an appropriate format. Ways of undertaking this are identified. The factors that are likely to influence the provision of technical information are determined. This is so that a Trade Association can build upon its strengths, diminish weaknesses, exploit opportunities and avoid threats. A strategy for provision of engineering technical information to trade association members was given. Four mechanisms were implemented on a test-bed Trade Association; utilising information technology communication capabilities, newsletters, collaborations and conferences. Feedback and parameters were used to assess the strategy chosen for implementation on the test-bed. Taking this into consideration a revised strategy was established that can be adapted and applied by Trade Associations who wish to provide such a service in the future.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Nanotechnology is a science that involves the manipulation of atoms and molecules to process perform, building of things and living beings. With the development of studies about this science, it began to explore its use in the medical treatments through of Nanomedicine, which is the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of medical diagnostics. Technology forecasting is a tool that maps scientific and technological advances that assist in the decision-making process. This research aims to map the technological studies on the use of nanotechnology in medical treatments, in order to check the growth of patent applications and gaps in this area in Brazil. Therefore, it performed a technological mapping through of patent databases of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) and European Patent Office (EPO), as well were collected data on the application of nanotechnology studies in medical treatment through the National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs). The results showed that in Brazil has increased the number of patent deposits, and this growth has been increasing since 2000. In European basis, it was found that in the last five years analyzed had a leverage from 2013. As for the five INCTs focused on nanotechnology, which have lines of research related to the diagnosis and medical treatment, it was observed that the production of patents directed to nanotechnology directed to medical treatment began in 2009, emphasizing that patents related to treating cancer and other types of treatments appeared with more emphasis on search patents. Thus, through this study, it was found that the studies related to nanotechnology are in development, and through technological mapping was possible to see which technologies on the use of nanotechnology in medical treatments are being created, contributing to its application in the market. / A nanotecnologia é uma ciência que envolve a manipulação de átomos e moléculas para realização de processos, construção de coisas e seres vivos. Com o desenvolvimento dos estudos acerca dessa ciência, começou-se a explorar sua utilização nos tratamentos médicos por meio da nanomedicina, que é a aplicação de nanotecnologias no tratamento de diagnósticos médicos. A prospecção tecnológica é uma ferramenta que mapeia progressos científicos e tecnológicos que auxiliam no processo de tomada de decisão. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear os estudos tecnológicos sobre o uso da nanotecnologia nos tratamentos medicinais, com o intuito de verificar o crescimento dos depósitos de patentes e as lacunas existentes desta área no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um mapeamento tecnológico por meio dos bancos de patentes do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e European Patent Office (EPO), bem como foram coletados dados sobre estudos da aplicação da nanotecnologia em tratamentos médicos através dos Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCTs). Os resultados mostraram que no Brasil vem crescendo o número de depósitos de patentes, e esse crescimento vem aumentando desde 2000. Na base europeia, verificou-se que nos cinco últimos anos analisados teve uma alavancagem a partir de 2013. Quanto aos cinco INCTs voltados à nanotecnologia, que possuem linhas de pesquisa relacionadas ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento médicos, percebeu-se que a produção de patentes voltadas à nanotecnologia direcionada a tratamentos médicos começou em 2009, ressaltando-se que patentes relacionadas ao tratamento de câncer, bem como outros tipos de tratamentos, apareceram com mais ênfase nas patentes pesquisadas. Assim, por meio do presente trabalho, constatou-se que os estudos relacionados à nanotecnologia estão em desenvolvimento, e que através do mapeamento tecnológico pôde-se verificar quais tecnologias sobre o uso da nanotecnologia nos tratamentos medicinais estão sendo criadas, contribuindo para sua aplicação no mercado.

Orientador: Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T06:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sant'Ana_PauloHenriquedeMello_M.pdf: 1298571 bytes, checksum: 88a415f0bef9274781c2b8bba1a637b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A confecção de uma agenda de C,T&I em energia é atualmente um tópico de grande relevância devido à ainda recente liberalização do mercado energético. Com o intuito de se mapear as tecnologias mais promissoras no desenvolvimento da matriz energética brasileira, o projeto de prospecção tecnológica em energia, realizado pelo Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (CGEE), teve como finalidade à identificação de alguns conjuntos de tópicos tecnológicos considerados prioritários para investimentos em C,T&I no Brasil para os próximos 20 anos. Esta dissertação, baseada numa das etapas deste projeto, tem como objetivo analisar e validar a consulta Delphi em energia realizada com especialistas da academia, indústria e governo do Brasil. Após a validação desta técnica, um exercício de ranqueamento dos tópicos tecnológicos com as respostas da segunda rodada da consulta é montado para comparar com os resultados do ranqueamento efetuado pelo projeto do CGEE. De acordo com os resultados, a consulta Delphi em energia permite uma mudança de opinião em alguns tópicos tecnológicos, um aumento do consenso (medido através da variação do desvio padrão) e uma convergência dos respondentes menos especializados na direção das médias totais das respostas da primeira rodada; a comparação do ranqueamento com os resultados do CGEE não mostra diferenças significativas, sendo coerente também com os resultados de EuRenDel, 2004 / Abstract: Building a R&D agenda is nowadays an important issue due to the recent liberalization of Brazilian energy market. The chalenge now is to identify the most promising technologies in the development of a Brazilan energy matrix. The ¿Center of Management and Strategic Studies¿ (CGEE) has coordinated a project to identify some technological topics that are supposed to be the most promising to Brazil in the next 20 years. This thesis, based on the second part of this project, aims to validate and analyse the Delphi survey answered by specialists of academy, industry and government in Brazil. After the validation of the technique, a ranking of the technological topics in Delphi¿s second round was made to compare the results with the CGEE¿s ranking. Acording to the results, Delphy¿s technique allows a change of opinion in some topics, an increase of the consensus (measured by the standard deviation), and a convergence of answers from the first to the second round from the less specialized participant in the direction of the average of answers in the first round. The comparison with the CGEE¿s results didn¿t show any considerable differences, showing coherence with EuRenDel (2004) results / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The current linear “take-make-use-dispose” approach relies on an ever-increasing demand of new products as a driver of economic growth. In this approach, companies usually make profit by frequent product replacements, even though these products are typically still fully functional. This is unsustainable as it strains natural resources and contributes significantly to environmental degradation. To counter this, the concept of a CE promotes extending product lifecycles through strategies such as reuse, repair, remanufacture, or recycling. One effective strategy is upgrading certain product modules to incorporate the latest technological developments, thereby extending the lifetime of a product, improving functionality, and thus creating additional value for the customer. However, companies face the challenge of planning products and the associated technologies across multiple product generations. A lever for this is technology foresight, aiming to identify emerging technological developments at an early stage so companies can exploit their potential. This approach helps to pinpoint the technological areas of a product with high innovation cycles that are ideal for upgrades to meet new customer requirements and extend the product's lifetime. This thesis focuses on developing an approach for technology foresight to enable an upgrade circular economy. The research includes a review of existing literature about technology foresight and upgrade circular economy, identifying key gaps and opportunities for innovation. The proposed approach combines market-pull and technology-push, as both are drivers for the development of new technologies. The market-pull perspective aims to identify key factors driving technological developments through market-oriented influences such as changing market trends or customer requirements. These requirements are translated into technical functions using the QFD method. The technology-push perspective, on the other hand, aims to identify key factors driving technological developments through technology-oriented influences such as new scientific discoveries. The proposed approach distinguishes between inside-out and outside-in technology identification. The identified technologies are then analyzed based on their development dynamics using publication or patent analysis. The theoretical approach developed in this thesis serves as a starting point for further research activities to implement the idea of an upgrade circular economy. / Den nuvarande linjära "take-make-use-dispose"-strategin bygger på en ständigt ökande efterfrågan på nya produkter som drivkraft för ekonomisk tillväxt. Enligt detta synsätt tjänar företagen pengar på att ofta byta ut produkter, trots att dessa produkter vanligtvis fortfarande är fullt funktionsdugliga. Detta är ohållbart eftersom det tär på naturresurserna och bidrar till en betydande miljöförstöring. För att motverka detta främjar CE-konceptet en förlängning av produkternas livscykler genom strategier som återanvändning, reparation, återtillverkning eller återvinning. En effektiv strategi är att uppgradera vissa produktmoduler för att införliva den senaste tekniska utvecklingen och därigenom förlänga produktens livslängd, förbättra funktionaliteten och därmed skapa mervärde för kunden. Företagen står dock inför utmaningen att planera produkter och tillhörande teknik över flera produktgenerationer. En hävstång för detta är teknisk framsynthet, som syftar till att identifiera nya tekniska utvecklingar på ett tidigt stadium så att företagen kan utnyttja deras potential. Detta tillvägagångssätt hjälper till att identifiera de tekniska områden i en produkt med höga innovationscykler som är idealiska för uppgraderingar för att uppfylla nya kundkrav och förlänga produktens livslängd. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla ett tillvägagångssätt för teknikprognoser för att möjliggöra en uppgraderad cirkulär ekonomi. Forskningen omfattar en genomgång av befintlig litteratur om teknikprognoser och uppgradering av cirkulär ekonomi, och identifierar viktiga luckor och möjligheter till innovation. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet kombinerar market-pull och technology-push, eftersom båda är drivkrafter för utvecklingen av ny teknik. Market-pull-perspektivet syftar till att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som driver den tekniska utvecklingen genom marknadsorienterade influenser, t.ex. förändrade marknadstrender eller kundkrav. Dessa krav översätts till tekniska funktioner med hjälp av QFD-metoden. Technology-push-perspektivet, å andra sidan, syftar till att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som driver den tekniska utvecklingen genom teknikorienterade influenser, t.ex. nya vetenskapliga upptäckter. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet skiljer mellan inside-out och outside-in teknikidentifiering. De identifierade teknologierna analyseras sedan utifrån deras utvecklingsdynamik med hjälp av publikations- eller patentanalys. Den teoretiska ansats som utvecklats i denna avhandling fungerar som en utgångspunkt för ytterligare forskningsaktiviteter för att genomföra idén om en uppgraderad cirkulär ekonomi.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The knowledge society valorizes intangible assets. The creation of new products and functional improvement of these can promote competitive advantage and provide opportunities for economic development through IP Intellectual-Property. The Electric Guitar is an innovation that resulted from research and exploration carried by independent inventors. Production on a significant scale occurred from the 1940s in the United States, country that registered the first patents in the development of this musical instrument. Electric Guitar, which combines technological innovation since its inception, impacts the cultural development of Western society. It constitutes an important pillar for the industrial platform related to music that connects a worldwide chain of input suppliers and service providers. The pickup is the electromagnetic component that allowed the invention of the electric guitar in the United States of America and the Bahiana Guitar in Brazil. Both inventions are inducing cultural changes, however their economic impacts are different in scale and characteristics. The technological development of the pickups is crucial to the competitiveness of Electric Guitar's manufacturers. This dissertation represents an opportunity to reflect about the dynamic of this industry. Currently, the production of the Electric Guitar it is both industrial and artisanal. Brazil is a consumer market in expansion, what favors the increase of imports. In contrast, the international operations of brazilian industry in this sector is still under construction. Based on a descriptive applied research, the present dissertation is exploratory and explanatory. The elements of the research are: the current situation of the industrial segment of the Electric Guitar at the national level and in other relevant countries in the production and consumption of this instrument; exploration and analysis of the technological development of the pickup in Industrial Property databases, and the industry connection with the exportation incentive mechanisms. This dissertation aims to contribute to present this economic sector's potential and to demonstrate the importance of Industrial Property for its development, by considering the opportunities for the promotion of applied research, the Industrial Property registration, the development of technological innovation, and support mechanisms available in the National Innovation System. / A sociedade do conhecimento contempla a valorização do intangível. A criação de novos produtos e respectiva melhoria funcional destes constituem diferencial competitivo e oportunidade de crescimento por meio da Propriedade Intelectual (PI). Neste sentido a Guitarra Elétrica é uma inovação resultante de pesquisas e descobertas de inventores independentes. Sua produção em escala significativa ocorreu a partir da década de 1940, nos Estados Unidos da América, país que registrou as primeiras patentes no desenvolvimento deste instrumento musical. A Guitarra Elétrica agrega inovações tecnológicas a partir da sua criação, impactando no desenvolvimento cultural da sociedade ocidental, consistindo em um pilar relevante para a plataforma industrial relacionada à música, interligando uma cadeia mundial de fornecedores de insumos e prestadores de serviços. O Captador é o componente eletromagnético que permitiu a invenção da Guitarra Elétrica nos Estados Unidos da América e da Guitarra Baiana no Brasil. Ambos os inventos são indutores de mudanças culturais, porém, com impactos econômicos em escalas e características distintas. O desenvolvimento tecnológico dos Captadores é crucial para a competitividade dos fabricantes de Guitarras Elétricas, e nesta dissertação representam uma oportunidade para análise e entendimento da dinâmica setorial. Atualmente, a fabricação da Guitarra Elétrica ocorre tanto com produção industrial, quanto artesanal, sendo o Brasil um mercado consumidor em expansão, favorecendo o aumento das importações oriundas de diversos países, contrapondo uma atuação internacional ainda em construção da indústria brasileira. Baseado em uma pesquisa descritiva aplicada, o trabalho de dissertação é exploratório e explicativo. Os elementos da pesquisa são: o panorama atual do segmento industrial da Guitarra Elétrica em âmbito nacional e em outros países relevantes na produção e no consumo deste instrumento; a prospecção e análise do desenvolvimento tecnológico do captador nas bases de Propriedade Industrial, e a conexão setorial com os mecanismos de incentivo à exportação. Assim, este trabalho de dissertação visa contribuir apresentando o potencial econômico do setor, demonstrando a importância da Propriedade Industrial para o seu desenvolvimento, considerando as oportunidades para o fomento à Pesquisa Aplicada, o registro da Propriedade Industrial, o desenvolvimento da Inovação Tecnológica, e os mecanismos de suporte disponíveis no Sistema Nacional de Inovação.