Este trabalho avalia o estado e a contribuição das cooperações universidade-empresa e inter-empresas para a competitividade de empresas industriais do polo tecnológico de São Carlos, sob a ótica do empreendedor. A contextualização teórica é feita através da revisão bibliográfica dos temas referentes a pequenas empresas, pólos tecnológicos, tecnologia, inovação, competitividade e cooperação universidade-empresa e inter-empresas. Para a avaliação da contribuição das cooperações foram utilizadas as dimensões de competitividade da manufatura mais aceitas na literatura. Foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso, com uma amostra de onze empresas do Polo Tecnológico de São Carlos, composta de dez empresas de pequeno porte e uma de médio porte. Foi aplicado um questionário com o objetivo de obter a percepção dos empreendedores acerca da competitividade de suas empresas, a avaliação que fazem das cooperações universidade-empresa e inter-empresas e também a avaliação dos empreendedores sobre a importância do pólo tecnológico de São Carlos na sustentação e incremento da competitividade de suas empresas. O resultado da pesquisa mostrou que os empreendedores têm dificuldades de entendimento sobre o conceito de competitividade e das dimensões que sustentam a competitividade da manufatura. Mostrou também quais são as dimensões da competitividade mais impactadas pelas cooperações e, que na ótica dos empreendedores, existem diversas barreiras dificultando os processos de cooperações universidade-empresa e inter-empresas. Finaliza propondo algumas ações para minimizar essas barreiras e criar um ambiente mais propício para o incremento da competitividade das empresas. / This work makes an assesment of the contribuition of the university-enterprise cooperation to the competitiveness of industrial enterprises of the technopolis of São Carlos under the standpoint of the entrepreneurs. It was made a review of the concepts of small business, technopolis, technology, innovation, competitiveness and university-enterprise and interfirm cooperation. To estimate the contribuition of the cooperation, it were used the dimensions of the competitiveness of manufacture more accepted in the literature. Through an interview it was applied a questionnaire in order to obtain the assesment of the entrepreneurs make about the competitiveness of their enterprises. In addition it was obtaneid their estimation about the importance of the cooperation process and also their assesment about the importance of the Technopolis of São Carlos to sustain and/or increase the competitiveness of their enterprises. The results showed that the entrepreneurs have difficulties to undestand the concept of competitiveness and the dimensions that support the competitiveness of manufacture. In addition the results showed which are the competitiveness dimensions which receive more impact of the cooperation process and that, from the entrepreneurs'standpoint, there are many barriers to the cooperation process. Finaly it was proposed some actions to minimize these barriers and to create an environment more friendly to the promotion of the cooperation process.

This thesis is an attempt to present the sociological dimensions of high-technological work from the perspective of highly-qualified white-collar professionals under the conditions of &lsquo / new economy&rsquo / . This study tries to shed some light on the rapidly growing professional high-tech work and its interrelation with personal consequences. The pace of change and the acceleration of global informational economy have created a new kind of workforce, introduced new cultures of work, and witnessed diverse social transformations for more than twenty years. At the core of this research, it aims at providing a broad sociological perspective on the changes which are brought by the entry of a large number of well-educated young people into the workforce. New forms of work organization, employment, and the new cultures of work and identity that emerged in this industry is taken into consideration. Technopoles as a newly emerging concept for Turkey, are clusters where this so-called technological change could be clearly observed. METU-Technopolis is chosen as the field of research due to the widespread use of flexible production employment methods and highly qualified labor force.

Este trabalho avalia o estado e a contribuição das cooperações universidade-empresa e inter-empresas para a competitividade de empresas industriais do polo tecnológico de São Carlos, sob a ótica do empreendedor. A contextualização teórica é feita através da revisão bibliográfica dos temas referentes a pequenas empresas, pólos tecnológicos, tecnologia, inovação, competitividade e cooperação universidade-empresa e inter-empresas. Para a avaliação da contribuição das cooperações foram utilizadas as dimensões de competitividade da manufatura mais aceitas na literatura. Foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso, com uma amostra de onze empresas do Polo Tecnológico de São Carlos, composta de dez empresas de pequeno porte e uma de médio porte. Foi aplicado um questionário com o objetivo de obter a percepção dos empreendedores acerca da competitividade de suas empresas, a avaliação que fazem das cooperações universidade-empresa e inter-empresas e também a avaliação dos empreendedores sobre a importância do pólo tecnológico de São Carlos na sustentação e incremento da competitividade de suas empresas. O resultado da pesquisa mostrou que os empreendedores têm dificuldades de entendimento sobre o conceito de competitividade e das dimensões que sustentam a competitividade da manufatura. Mostrou também quais são as dimensões da competitividade mais impactadas pelas cooperações e, que na ótica dos empreendedores, existem diversas barreiras dificultando os processos de cooperações universidade-empresa e inter-empresas. Finaliza propondo algumas ações para minimizar essas barreiras e criar um ambiente mais propício para o incremento da competitividade das empresas. / This work makes an assesment of the contribuition of the university-enterprise cooperation to the competitiveness of industrial enterprises of the technopolis of São Carlos under the standpoint of the entrepreneurs. It was made a review of the concepts of small business, technopolis, technology, innovation, competitiveness and university-enterprise and interfirm cooperation. To estimate the contribuition of the cooperation, it were used the dimensions of the competitiveness of manufacture more accepted in the literature. Through an interview it was applied a questionnaire in order to obtain the assesment of the entrepreneurs make about the competitiveness of their enterprises. In addition it was obtaneid their estimation about the importance of the cooperation process and also their assesment about the importance of the Technopolis of São Carlos to sustain and/or increase the competitiveness of their enterprises. The results showed that the entrepreneurs have difficulties to undestand the concept of competitiveness and the dimensions that support the competitiveness of manufacture. In addition the results showed which are the competitiveness dimensions which receive more impact of the cooperation process and that, from the entrepreneurs'standpoint, there are many barriers to the cooperation process. Finaly it was proposed some actions to minimize these barriers and to create an environment more friendly to the promotion of the cooperation process.

Este estudo teve o objetivo geral de analisar o processo e propor um modelo representativo da criação de estratégias em pequenas empresas de base tecnológica. A estratégia empresarial é uma área de significativa importância para os estudos administrativos, tendo em vista o impacto das decisões e ações estratégicas para o sucesso ou insucesso das empresas. Além disso, a teoria sobre estratégia está fortemente fundamentada em estudos realizados em empresas de grande porte, maduras, podendo, portanto, apresentar viés quando considerada a sua aplicação em empresas de pequeno porte e as em fase de desenvolvimento. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo cuja natureza foi a de pesquisa aplicada, com objetivo de pesquisa descritiva e a forma de abordagem do problema própria de pesquisa qualitativa. O procedimento técnico utilizado foi o estudo de caso, sendo investigadas cinco empresas de pequeno porte e uma de médio porte, conforme classificação pelo número de empregados. Todas são empresas de base tecnológica e estão localizadas no pólo tecnológico de São Carlos, em São Carlos-SP. A conclusão geral da pesquisa realizada revelou que as estratégias dessas empresas, apesar de integrarem ações de conteúdo e de processo, são criadas evoluindo através de três estágios típicos, de acordo com um padrão de evolução que ao longo do tempo tende a priorizar os aspectos de macro-orientação e de conteúdo em detrimento dos aspectos de micro-orientação e de processo / The aim of this study was to analyze the process and to propose a model which represents the strategic process in technology-based small companies. The business strategy is an area of significant importance to the management studies due the impacts of the strategic decisions to drive the companies to success. Besides, the theory of strategy is strongly created through studies about strategic actions developed in large and stable companies, which can bring biases when considered its application to developing small-sized companies. A field study was done with the nature of applied research, descriptive and of qualitative approach, through a multiple-case study with a sample of five small-sized companies and one medium-sized company, accordingly the number of employees. All the companies are technology-based companies from the São Carlos technopolis, Brazil. The conclusion revealed that, although the strategies integrate actions of content and process, they are created passing through three typical phases accordingly to an evolution standard which, as time goes by, tends to favor the content aspects and macro orientation instead of emergent actions and the micro focus

Este estudo teve o objetivo geral de analisar o processo e propor um modelo representativo da criação de estratégias em pequenas empresas de base tecnológica. A estratégia empresarial é uma área de significativa importância para os estudos administrativos, tendo em vista o impacto das decisões e ações estratégicas para o sucesso ou insucesso das empresas. Além disso, a teoria sobre estratégia está fortemente fundamentada em estudos realizados em empresas de grande porte, maduras, podendo, portanto, apresentar viés quando considerada a sua aplicação em empresas de pequeno porte e as em fase de desenvolvimento. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo cuja natureza foi a de pesquisa aplicada, com objetivo de pesquisa descritiva e a forma de abordagem do problema própria de pesquisa qualitativa. O procedimento técnico utilizado foi o estudo de caso, sendo investigadas cinco empresas de pequeno porte e uma de médio porte, conforme classificação pelo número de empregados. Todas são empresas de base tecnológica e estão localizadas no pólo tecnológico de São Carlos, em São Carlos-SP. A conclusão geral da pesquisa realizada revelou que as estratégias dessas empresas, apesar de integrarem ações de conteúdo e de processo, são criadas evoluindo através de três estágios típicos, de acordo com um padrão de evolução que ao longo do tempo tende a priorizar os aspectos de macro-orientação e de conteúdo em detrimento dos aspectos de micro-orientação e de processo / The aim of this study was to analyze the process and to propose a model which represents the strategic process in technology-based small companies. The business strategy is an area of significant importance to the management studies due the impacts of the strategic decisions to drive the companies to success. Besides, the theory of strategy is strongly created through studies about strategic actions developed in large and stable companies, which can bring biases when considered its application to developing small-sized companies. A field study was done with the nature of applied research, descriptive and of qualitative approach, through a multiple-case study with a sample of five small-sized companies and one medium-sized company, accordingly the number of employees. All the companies are technology-based companies from the São Carlos technopolis, Brazil. The conclusion revealed that, although the strategies integrate actions of content and process, they are created passing through three typical phases accordingly to an evolution standard which, as time goes by, tends to favor the content aspects and macro orientation instead of emergent actions and the micro focus

In 1970&rsquo / s, significant shifts occurred both in planning and design theories as a response to the decreasing role of state in property relations and widening arena of private property. This shift in planning approaches led to an increase in the importance of &lsquo / flexibility&rsquo / concept. However this study proposes that flexibility in the control of spatial development is not an indisputable solution, but rather it is a dilemma. This is because / the definition, degree and effect of flexibility may change in every step of the process depending on the actors in the process. While it may be a way of solution in one case, it may be the problem itself in another. In the study, this dilemma is discussed in the context of spatial development in science parks. The concept of flexibility has a particular importance in respect to science parks which host especially technology based firms. Due to market changes and technology shifts, the spatial requirements of market and also the tenants change in time rapidly. That is why flexibility becomes a necessary tool in the physical planning of science parks. In this context, firstly the role flexibility in different planning and decision-making approaches is discussed. Then the structural characteristics of science parks and specifically METU Technopolis are defined. Within this framework, the physical development process of METU Technopolis and the role of flexibility in planning and decision making processes is examined. Finally some suggestions for controlling the flexibility in planning and design processes are developed.

Face aux changements de l’environnement et Face à la dynamique de la concurrence, de nouvelles formes d’organisation apparaissent pour répondre à ces nouveaux défis. Ces organisations suggèrent de nouveaux modes de management basés sur le travail en commun dans le cadre de réseaux ou de coopérations entre ces établissements. La thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la coopération inter-organisations sous l’angle d’un processus mobilisant différents facteurs. Le but de la recherche est de construire un cadre théorique d’appréhension de la coopération et d’apporter une vision systémique sur le processus d’émergence de la coopération. Un des grands champs possibles, le thème de l’innovation revient régulièrement. C’est pour cette raison que la dernière partie de ce travail propose une démarche pour la mise en place de coopérations entre des plates-formes dédiées aux phases amont de l’innovation. Ce projet associe territoire, université et entreprise / Due to the changes on the competing environment and its dynamics, new organization ways have been developed to face these new challenges. These practices suggest other kinds of management based on joint work within the framework of companies’ networks or cooperation between establishments. This thesis treats the study of inter-organizational cooperation under the angle of a process between various factors. The aim of this research is to build a theoretical framework of cooperation apprehension and to provide a systemic vision on the process of cooperation emergence. One of the large research fields that are continuously present during inter-establishments cooperation is innovation. For this reason, the last part of this work proposes the first of a set of steps needed to develop inter-platforms cooperation during the upstream phase of innovation. This project associates territories, universities and companies

Abstract The objective of the study is to develop the marketing interaction and network theory by conceptualising and categorising organisational capabilities. The study also aims to clarify what organisational capabilities develop when acting in business relationships and what factors promote and hamper the development of organisational capabilities in a technopolis. The theoretical framework of the study was created by combining the views of the marketing interaction and network theory and the views of the strategic management and dynamic capabilities theories on organisational capabilities, strategy and management. The concepts of organisational capability defined on the basis of the theories were further developed by utilising data from empirical research in order to form the organisational capability concepts used in this study. Capabilities were divided into strategic and operative capabilities. The factors promoting and hampering the development of organisational capabilities were divided into four categories: internal factors of organisations, interactive factors, and both internal and external network factors of a technopolis. The empirical data of this study consists of primary and secondary interviews and documents. The study was carried out as a concept analysis of qualitative and longitudinal data of several case companies. The results indicate that the development of organisational capabilities is linked with, in addition to operative management, senior corporate management, id est, the level of strategic management. Capabilities affect the modernisation or expansion of operations at the strategy level or, at the operational level, capabilities can be utilised for increasing the efficiency of operations or developing them. Most promoting and hampering factors where found in the strategic capability of creating market value and the operative capabilities of outsourcing and sales. The results show that operations in business relationships must be linked to the level strategic management, in addition to the operative management level. The study shows that, as a local organisation cluster, the technopolis promotes the development of capabilities. The long processing periods of public funding mechanisms impaired the development of organisational capabilities even though funding was important to the case organisations. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoitus on kehittää markkinoinnin vuorovaikutus- ja verkostoteoriaa käsitteellistämällä ja luokittelemalla organisaation kyvykkyyksiä. Tutkimus pyrkii vastaamaan kysymykseen, millaisia organisaation kyvykkyyksiä liikesuhteissa toimiminen kehittää ja mitkä tekijät edistävät ja haittaavat kyvykkyyksien kehittymistä teknologiakyläkontekstissa. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys muodostettiin yhdistämällä markkinoinnin vuorovaikutus- ja verkostokoulukunnan sekä strategisen johtamisen ja dynaamisten kyvykkyyksien koulukuntien näkökulmia organisaation kyvykkyydestä, strategiasta ja johtamisesta. Tämän tutkimuksen kyvykkyyskäsitteisiin päädyttiin kehittämällä teoreettisesti määriteltyjä käsitteitä empiriasta saadun tiedon avulla. Kyvykkyydet jaettiin strategisiin ja operatiivisiin. Organisaation kyvykkyyksien kehittymistä edistävät ja haittaavat tekijät jaoteltiin neljään ryhmään, jotka ovat organisaatioiden sisäiset tekijät, vuorovaikutustekijät, teknologiakylän sisäiset verkostotekijät ja teknologiakylän ulkopuoliset verkostotekijät. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto koostuu primääri- ja sekundäärihaastatteluista sekä dokumenttiaineistosta. Tutkimus toteutettiin käsiteanalyyttisenä monen tapauksen laadullisena ja pitkittäisenä tutkimuksena. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että organisaation kyvykkyyden kehittyminen linkittyy operatiivisen johtamisen lisäksi organisaation ylemmän johdon ns. strategiseen johtamiseen. Kyvykkyydet vaikuttavat organisaatioiden oman toiminnan uudistamiseen tai laajentamiseen strategiatasolla tai toimintojen tehostamiseen ja kehittämiseen operatiivisen toiminnan tasolla. Strategisista kyvykkyyksistä tulevaa markkina-arvoa luovassa kyvykkyydessä ja operatiivisista kyvykkyyksistä ulkoistamis- ja myyntikyvykkyyksissä esiintyi eniten edistäviä ja haittaavia tekijöitä. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että toiminta liikesuhteissa tulee operatiivisen johtamisen lisäksi linkittää myös strategisen johtamisen tasolle. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan teknologiakylä organisaatioiden paikallisena ympäristönä edisti organisaatioiden kyvykkyyksien kehittymistä. Julkisten rahoitusmekanismien hitaus heikensi kyvykkyyksien kehittymistä, vaikkakin rahoitus oli organisaatioille merkityksellistä.

The analysis of METU-Technopolis buildings and their space organizations indicates that there are two kinds of designing and planning tendencies in METU-Tech. One of them is Northern European and other one is North American Type of office which are also known as two important office designing approaches in the world. Northern European and North American Type of office organizations have different approaches in shaping office space. While Northern European type places far more emphasis on using office space to support staff morale and thus to add value to organizational performance, North American type tends to overestimate cost minimizations. These two types of designing tendencies in the world have had enormous effects on METU-Tech building design. While some buildings like Silicon Block and Silver block give importance to functions in space, and cost minimizations, others like Twin Building gives more importance to space quality and occupancy needs. The aim of this study is to introduce these two different kinds of office design approaches in METU-Technopolis by examining Silicon Block, Silver Block and Twin buildings. These buildings have been examined in three main scales which begin with urban design scale, Macro-Scale development, then Middle-Scale development and finally Micro-Scale development and buildings activities in architectural scale. In macro scale, Urban Design Studio&rsquo / s METU-Tech workings, and in middle- micro scale, advantages and disadvantages of these two space organizations manner have been introduced in detail on Silicon Block, Silver Block and Twin Building. Furthermore, all these three building&rsquo / s statistical information, capacities, and design specifications have been presented in drawings, graphics, and photos.