This reports main focus is to highlight the benefits of advertising during televised sporting events in an American market. In this report an overview of the current state of advertising and sports marketing is discussed along with historical and cultural analysis of both advertising and sports in the American culture. Among the arguments discussed, a major one will be how in this current media landscape sports is one of the best vehicles to reach a target markets directly without having to compete with many of the new technologies that are on the market today. The central backing for this argument comes from research conducted by interviewing experts in the fields of advertising, sports marketing, and analyzing articles and reports on the subject matter. With a shift in how media is consumed it is important for companies to understand what is the best way to reach an audiences and that some of the rules of advertising are shifting to meet with the changing landscape. Both real-world and academically evaluated examples are given to exhibit the potencies that Advertising during sports events has and how is the current market sports is becoming a more valued asset moving forward. Another issue that is discussed is possible area of further study which would focus on the evolution of mobile advertising and sports. / text

This thesis presents a methodology for, and a case study of, the transformation of a social representation. The basis of the thesis is derived from an understanding of representations as a complex, dynamic, pluralistic phenomena that both exist in time and draw their form and meaning from past and present knowledge(s). We are guided by an interest in understanding how one might study a social representation that is already an entrenched social phenomena and how one might go about studying such an entity in a systematic fashion over time. We devised a method through which data can be aggregated over a bound, measurable unit of time and analyzed systematically into core and peripheral systems, allowing for the study of transformation of representation of long duration. Our methodology thus embeds social representations in particular historical, temporal moments in order to assess the structural formation of the representation. To assess the applicability of our methodology, we undertook a study of the social representation of physicians in televised medical dramas. The case of the physician was selected because of their existence as a known social phenomenon of long-duration with a prominent, continuous social presence. In our exploration of this case, we sought to answer two questions. The first asks, ‘what is the social representation of the physician as presented in televised medical dramas’, while the second queries is ‘if and how this social representation has changed over time’. We present thus not only the identification and transformation of a representation, that of the physician, but we also offer a methodology with which to do so. Our methodology demonstrates that exploring representations in the past as a way to study the transformation of social representation has potential to generate new knowledge about old things. While the study of newly emerging phenomena presents an ideal time to study social representations, the study of older representations offers the opportunity to better understand how knowledge is created, changed, and re-created.

This thesis presents a methodology for, and a case study of, the transformation of a social representation. The basis of the thesis is derived from an understanding of representations as a complex, dynamic, pluralistic phenomena that both exist in time and draw their form and meaning from past and present knowledge(s). We are guided by an interest in understanding how one might study a social representation that is already an entrenched social phenomena and how one might go about studying such an entity in a systematic fashion over time. We devised a method through which data can be aggregated over a bound, measurable unit of time and analyzed systematically into core and peripheral systems, allowing for the study of transformation of representation of long duration. Our methodology thus embeds social representations in particular historical, temporal moments in order to assess the structural formation of the representation. To assess the applicability of our methodology, we undertook a study of the social representation of physicians in televised medical dramas. The case of the physician was selected because of their existence as a known social phenomenon of long-duration with a prominent, continuous social presence. In our exploration of this case, we sought to answer two questions. The first asks, ‘what is the social representation of the physician as presented in televised medical dramas’, while the second queries is ‘if and how this social representation has changed over time’. We present thus not only the identification and transformation of a representation, that of the physician, but we also offer a methodology with which to do so. Our methodology demonstrates that exploring representations in the past as a way to study the transformation of social representation has potential to generate new knowledge about old things. While the study of newly emerging phenomena presents an ideal time to study social representations, the study of older representations offers the opportunity to better understand how knowledge is created, changed, and re-created.

This thesis looks at the media event of Kahani Hamare Mahabharat Ki (Our Story of the Mahabharat), a serialized, televised version of the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata which ran on prime-time Indian television from July to November 2008. The show was created and produced by Balaji Telefilms and Ekta Kapoor, well known throughout Asia for extremely successful prime-time soap-operas which have come to be representative of the genre in India. Kahani Hamare Mahabharat Ki was canceled quite early in its run (it was intended to air for upwards of three years) due to low ratings and intense viewer criticism of the program. The bulk of the criticism compared it unfavorably to an earlier version aired by B.R. Chopra and his team in 1988-90, which is to this day remembered as one of the most watched events in Indian television history, and is still widely seen as a largely “successful” visual translation of the story to television. This thesis analyses the dimensions of Kahani Hamare Mahabharat Ki’s promises to offer something both “old and new” to the Indian public, its internal structure, the influences upon its creation, its failure, the nature of the criticism against it, and how it sparked a large public debate about how “authenticity” and “tradition” are currently being conceptualized by modern popular media in India. The thesis takes data and evidence from a variety of scholarly, print, online, and ethnographic sources to demonstrate that Kahani Hamare Mahabharat Ki’s failure was much more complex than the case of its being simply a “bad” show; rather it reveals that to many, Chopra’s earlier version has become in some ways monolithic, containing an essential “rightness” that speaks to broader concerns about the current state of India’s cultural and religious heritage as refracted through the lens of modern media. This thesis examines Kahani Hamare Mahabharat Ki as one unique occurrence within a much broader field of mythological/devotional programming currently available in India, and points to the need for a larger scholarly study of this phenomenon. / text

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a modalidade deÃntica, e como corpus, a sÃrie televisiva americana, House (2004-2014). O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa à utilizar os pressupostos funcionalistas de Dik (1989), no que diz respeito ao contexto linguÃstico, para analisar as ocorrÃncias de modalidade deÃntica no discurso mÃdico. Os problemas secundÃrios que nortearam esse trabalho estÃo dispostos, a seguir: a) Como os verbos plenos e os verbos modais/auxiliares diferenciam o grau de modalizaÃÃo no discurso mÃdico televisivo na sÃrie televisiva House (2004-2012)? b) As diferenÃas na relaÃÃo hierÃrquica entre fonte e alvo proporcionam a ocorrÃncia de expressÃes asseveradoras ou mitigadoras de valores deÃnticos, influindo na conduta mÃdica na sÃrie? c) Como a fonte instauradora da modalidade deÃntica transforma a imagem da conduta mÃdica, ou corrobora com ela, na sociedade representada na trama televisiva? Usamos os conceitos de modalidade de Lyons (1977), Palmer (1979), Bybee (1995), Neves (2006) e Lopes (2009), entre outros. Focalizaremos na modalidade deÃntica, um domÃnio funcional que trata do modo como o falante diz algo exprimindo a sua vontade, seja de forma asseverada ou mitigada. Os resultados apresentados dizem respeito aos trÃs primeiros episÃdios das quatro primeiras temporadas da sÃrie, totalizando doze episÃdios. O material em modalidade escrita foi encontrado em rede virtual e conferido por nÃs. Analisamos 398 ocorrÃncias, foi possÃvel concluirmos que o meio de expressÃo e o valor deÃntico mais recorrente sÃo os de modo verbal (257) e de obrigaÃÃo (289), respectivamente. Como jà esperado, tanto a fonte (362) quanto o alvo (336) deÃntico, tendo o mÃdico como enunciador/receptor, obtiveram nÃmeros significativos. Portanto, com base nas anÃlises realizadas, podemos concluir que os verbos modais oferecem mais dinamicidade ao tipo de discurso televisivo estudado, impondo valores hierÃrquicos de polidez, e por vezes disfarÃando uma ordem sob o pretexto de uma suposta necessidade performada pelo verbo âprecisarâ (need) tal qual pode ser associado ao proposto por Palmer (1986), a respeito do verbo âwantâ (querer). Com a conclusÃo desta, poderemos expor novas observaÃÃes teÃricas sobre o domÃnio funcional da modalidade em LÃngua Inglesa, emitindo juÃzos de valores concernentes ao discurso televisivo e as suas relaÃÃes comunicativas.

Thesis (M.A. (Media Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2014. / This study investigates the effects of televised alcohol advertisements on the drinking behaviour of youth in Praktiseer community of the Greater Tubatse Municipality. The nature and trends of alcohol consumption in South Africa are examined. The study also focuses on the impact of alcohol exposure, and the costs alcohol abuse can incur on the individual and society at large. The types of advertising models and the regulatory systems in advertising were identified. Data were collected through a self- administered questionnaire. The study hypothesised that the exposure to alcohol advertisements influences alcohol abuse among the youth. However, alcohol industry claims that the youth is not its niche market and hence should not be blamed for any abusive behaviour of alcohol by the youth. Just like the few studies interested in the effects of alcohol advertising, alcohol exposure and alcohol abuse, the present study also reveals that televised alcohol advertisements have a great influence in alcohol consumption among the youth in Praktiseer community.

OLIVEIRA, Larissa Carvalho de. A modalidade deôntica em discurso profissional na mídia televisiva. 2016. 144f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-16T14:13:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lcoliveira.pdf: 1042457 bytes, checksum: 430f09733eeec7ebead73f939a77d275 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-16T15:00:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lcoliveira.pdf: 1042457 bytes, checksum: 430f09733eeec7ebead73f939a77d275 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T15:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_lcoliveira.pdf: 1042457 bytes, checksum: 430f09733eeec7ebead73f939a77d275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a modalidade deôntica, e como corpus, a série televisiva americana, House (2004-2014). O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é utilizar os pressupostos funcionalistas de Dik (1989), no que diz respeito ao contexto linguístico, para analisar as ocorrências de modalidade deôntica no discurso médico. Os problemas secundários que nortearam esse trabalho estão dispostos, a seguir: a) Como os verbos plenos e os verbos modais/auxiliares diferenciam o grau de modalização no discurso médico televisivo na série televisiva House (2004-2012)? b) As diferenças na relação hierárquica entre fonte e alvo proporcionam a ocorrência de expressões asseveradoras ou mitigadoras de valores deônticos, influindo na conduta médica na série? c) Como a fonte instauradora da modalidade deôntica transforma a imagem da conduta médica, ou corrobora com ela, na sociedade representada na trama televisiva? Usamos os conceitos de modalidade de Lyons (1977), Palmer (1979), Bybee (1995), Neves (2006) e Lopes (2009), entre outros. Focalizaremos na modalidade deôntica, um domínio funcional que trata do modo como o falante diz algo exprimindo a sua vontade, seja de forma asseverada ou mitigada. Os resultados apresentados dizem respeito aos três primeiros episódios das quatro primeiras temporadas da série, totalizando doze episódios. O material em modalidade escrita foi encontrado em rede virtual e conferido por nós. Analisamos 398 ocorrências, foi possível concluirmos que o meio de expressão e o valor deôntico mais recorrente são os de modo verbal (257) e de obrigação (289), respectivamente. Como já esperado, tanto a fonte (362) quanto o alvo (336) deôntico, tendo o médico como enunciador/receptor, obtiveram números significativos. Portanto, com base nas análises realizadas, podemos concluir que os verbos modais oferecem mais dinamicidade ao tipo de discurso televisivo estudado, impondo valores hierárquicos de polidez, e por vezes disfarçando uma ordem sob o pretexto de uma suposta necessidade performada pelo verbo ‘precisar’ (need) tal qual pode ser associado ao proposto por Palmer (1986), a respeito do verbo ‘want’ (querer). Com a conclusão desta, poderemos expor novas observações teóricas sobre o domínio funcional da modalidade em Língua Inglesa, emitindo juízos de valores concernentes ao discurso televisivo e as suas relações comunicativas.

本論文將研究在2013年習近平主席上任不到幾個月以來，並在中國共產黨不斷承諾要改善國家法治的情況下，中國為何在國家電視台上開始播出犯罪嫌疑人的電視認罪。這些電視認罪的播出引起了來自海外的廣泛譴責，從某種程度上在國內也受到了批評，因為電視認罪的播出被視為國家非法壓迫人的手段，並被認為是在重演當年毛澤東時代不公正的批判鬥爭行為。本論文是第一項對這種新侵權行為的系統研究，並試圖填補該研究領域的空白。本作者通過採訪在電視上曾經認罪過的人發現許多電視認罪是有“表演”色彩，往往犯罪嫌疑人被迫“背台詞”、穿著特定的服裝、在攝像頭面前“演戲”等。這表明國家在利用電視認罪來達到某種特定的目的。作者對90個2013年至2016年之間播出的電視認罪進行了分析並發現認罪者當局故意讓嫌疑人感到恥辱來強調他們有罪，使用嫌疑人認罪時所使用的話來牽連他人或貶低他人，以支持中共的這種行為並對於來自國外批評的聲音做出回應。本論文借用François Bourricaud （1987年）對合法性的概念作為一種活躍的合法化進程以表明中國新的電視認罪行為不只是簡單的進行壓迫的工具，而更多是一種強制性推動共產黨合法性的戲劇表演。 / This study asks why China started broadcasting confessions of suspects on national television in 2013, just months after the accession of President Xi Jinping, and despite the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP’s) repeated promises to improve the country’s rule of law. The broadcasts have triggered widespread condemnation overseas, and to a lesser extent at home, for being illegal, another example of state repression, and resembling the unjust public struggle sessions of the Mao era. This thesis attempts to fill a gap in scholarship and provide the first systematic study of this new and understudied human rights violation. Interviews conducted with those who had confessed on television revealed that many are “show” confessions, where the suspect is made to memorise “lines,” get in “costume,” and “act” in front of the camera, indicating that they are “produced” for a specific purpose. In addition, an analysis of 90 confessions aired between 2013 and 2016 revealed that deliberate efforts were made to shame the confessor, emphasize their guilt, and use the words of their confession to incriminate and denigrate others, promote support for the CCP and its actions and respond to outside criticism. Borrowing François Bourricaud’s (1987) concept of legitimacy as a dynamic process of legitimation, China’s new televised confessions can be seen as much more than simply another tool of repression, rather they are acts of forced theatre aimed at furthering CCP legitimacy.

The purpose of this research was to determine the aural and visual issues present in televised political campaign advertising of the 1972 Presidential election year. Content analysis was the method employed to determine these issues. The campaign commercials of George McGovern and Richard Nixon were the subject of the analysis. The issues coded were Social Welfare, Natural Resources, Labor, Management, Civil Rights, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Vietnam, Government, Public Order, Defense, Republicans, and Democrats. The results show that the campaigns used issues appearing in network news coverage, the percentage of time each campaign spent on the issues, and that the aural content was supported by the visual images in the commercials.

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