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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Constraining the Temperature Evolution of the Cosmic Microwave Background Using the Sunyaev Zel’dovich Effect with SPT-3G

Korman, Milo 27 January 2023 (has links)
No description available.
2

Linkage of Macro- and Micro-scale Modelling Tools for Additive Manufacturing

Sjöström, Julia January 2020 (has links)
Additive manufacturing methods for steel are competing against commercial production in an increasing pace. The geometry freedom together with the high strength and toughness due to extreme cooling rates make this method viable to use for high-performance components. The desirable material properties originate from the ultrafine grain structures. The production is often followed by a post hardening heat treatment to induce precipitation of other phases. The printing process does however bring several challenges such as cracking, pore formation, inclusions, residual stresses and distortions. It is therefore important to be able to predict the properties such as temperature evolution and residual stresses of the resulting part in order to avoid time consuming trial-and-error and unnecessary material waste. In order to link different parts and length scales of the process, the integrated computational materials engineering framework can be used where linkage tools couples results of different length scales. 18Ni300 maraging steel is a material that has been used extensively to produce parts by additive manufacturing, but there is still a wide scope for optimising the process and properties. In this thesis, the integrated computational materials engineering inspired framework is applied to link the process to the microstructure, which dictates the properties. Temperature evolution strongly influences the material properties, residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing. Therefore, simulations of temperature evolution for a selective laser melted 18Ni300 maraging steel have been performed by Simufact Additive and linked with the microstructure prediction tools in Thermo-Calc and DICTRA. Various printing parameters have been examined and resulting temperatures, cooling rates, segregations and martensitic start temperatures compared for different locations of the build part. Additionally, residual stresses and distortions were investigated in Simufact. It was found that higher laser energy density caused increased temperatures and cooling rates which generally created larger segregations of alloying elements and lower martensitic start temperatures at the intercellular region. There is however an impact from cooling rate and temperature independent of the energy density which makes energy density not an individual defining parameter for the segregations. By decreasing the baseplate temperature, lower temperatures below the martensitic start temperature were reached, enhancing martensite transformation. Primary dendrite arm spacing calculations were used to validate the cooling rates. The cell size corresponded well to literature of <1 μm. Distortions and residual stresses were very small. The calibration was based according to literature and need experimental values to be validated. The integrated framework demonstrated in this thesis provides an insight into the expected properties of the additively manufactured part which can decrease and replace trial-and-error methods. / dditiva tillverkningsmetoder för stål tävlar mot kommersiell produktion i en ökande takt. Geometrifriheten tillsammans med hög styrka och slagseghet på grund av extrema kylhastigheter gör den här metoden intressant att använda för högpresterande komponenter. De önskvärda materialegenskaperna härstammar från den ultrafina mikrostrukturen. Processen följs ofta av en värmebehandlande härdning för att inducera utskiljningar av andra faser. Printing processen innebär dock flertalet utmaningar som exempelvis sprickbildning, porer, inneslutningar, restspänningar och förvrängningar. Det är därför intressant och viktigt att förutspå egenskaper såsom temperaturutveckling och restspänningar av den slutgiltiga komponenten för att minska tidskrävande ”trial-and-error” och onödigt materialsvin. För att länka ihop olika delar och längdskalor av processen kan ”the integrated computational materials engineering” strukturen användas där länkverktyg kopplar ihop resultat av olika längdskalor. 18Ni300 maraging stål är ett material som har använts till additivt tillverkade produkter i hög utsträckning men det finns fortfarande mycket utrymme för optimering av processen och egenskaperna. I den här avhandlingen, den ”integrated computational materials engineering” inspirerade tillvägagångssättet används för att länka processen med mikrostrukturen, vilken bestämmer egenskaperna. Temperaturutveckling påverkar kraftigt materialegenskaper, restspänningar och deformation vid additiv tillverkning. Förutsägelse av temperatur för ett selektivt lasersmält 18Ni300 stål har därför genomförts i Simufact Additive och länkats med mikrostruktursförutsägande redskapen Thermo-Calc och DICTRA. Olika maskinparametrar har undersökts och efterföljande temperaturer, kylhastigheter, segregeringar och martensitiska starttemperaturer jämförts för olika delar av geometrin. Tilläggningsvis var även restspänningar och deformationer undersökta i Simufact. Det konstaterades att högre energidensitet för lasern orsakade högre temperaturer och kylhastighet vilket generellt skapade mer segregeringar av legeringsämnen och lägre martensitisk starttemperatur i de intercellulära områdena. Det är däremot en gemensam påverkan av kylhastighet och temperatur vilket gör att energidensitet inte är den enskilda bestämmande parametern över segregeringarna. Genom att sänka temperaturen på basplattan uppnåddes lägre temperaturer under den martensitiska starttemperaturen vilket förenklar den martensistiska omvandlingen. Beräkningar av primär dendritisk armlängd användes för att validera kylhastigheterna. Cellstorleken överensstämde bra med litteraturen på <1 μm. Deformationer och restspänningar var väldigt små. Kalibreringarna baserades på litteraturvärden och kräver experimentella värden för att valideras. Den integrerade strukturen  som demonstreras i den här avhandlingen förser en insikt i de förväntade egenskaperna av en additivt tillverkad del vilket kan minska och ersätta ”trial-and-error” metoder.
3

Programmation robotique en utilisant la méthode de maillage et la simulation thermique du procédé de la projection thermique / Robot off-line programming with a mesh-based method and thermal simulation of the thermal spray process

Cai, Zhenhua 27 February 2014 (has links)
L’objectif de cette étude est d’améliorer l’extension du logiciel de programmation hors-ligne RobotStudio™ existante et de développer une nouvelle stratégie pour générer la trajectoire du robot par rapport aux paramètres essentiels de projection thermique. Notamment, l’historique de la température par rapport à la trajectoire générée est prise en compte dans cette étude.L’extension logicielle Thermal Spray Toolkit (TST) intégrée dans le cadre de RobotStudio™ est spécialement développée pour générer la trajectoire du robot en projection thermique. L’amélioration de l’extension TST dans la nouvelle version de RobotStudio™ est mise au point sur deux modules principaux :PathKit : génération de la trajectoire sur des pièces complexes.ProfileKit : modélisation du cordon singulier du dépôt et prédiction de son épaisseur en fonction des paramètres opératoires.Les déficiences existantes de l’extension TST impliquent de mettre en œuvre une méthode plus avancée qui permettra de générer la trajectoire du robot en utilisant le maillage pour le calcul d’élément finis. Ainsi, l’opération de projection thermique pourra être menée. Dans cette étude, la méthodologie de maillage est introduite afin de fournir une stratégie de choix de points de trajectoire et l’obtention d’orientations de ces points de trajectoire sur la surface à revêtir. Un module dit MeshKit est donc ajouté dans l’extension TST afin de lui apporter ces fonctionnalités nécessaires.Un couplage entre la trajectoire du robot et la répartition de chaleur du substrat a été développé, ce qui permet d’étudier l’évolution de température pendent le processus de projection thermique. / The objective of this study is to improve the add-in package of off-line programming software RobotStudio™ and to develop a new strategy for generating the robot trajectory according to the kinematic parameters of thermal spraying. The computed temperature evolution relative to the generated robot trajectory on the coating surface is also considered in this study.The add-in package Thermal Spray Toolkit (TST) integrated in RobotStudio™ is developed to generate the robot trajectory for thermal spraying. The improved TST for new version of RobotStudio™ is composed of two principle modules:PathKit: generation of robot trajectory on the free-form coating surface.ProfileKit: modeling the coating profile and prediction the coating thickness based on kinematic parameters.The existing deficiency of TST leads to the development of an advanced robot trajectory generation methodology. In this study, the new approach implements the robotic trajectory planning in an interactive manner between RobotStudio™ and the finite element analysis software (FES). It allows rearranging the imported node created on the surface of workpiece by FES and in turns generating the thermal spraying needed robot trajectories.A coupling between the robot trajectory and the heat distribution on the substrate has been developed, which allows analyzing the temperature evolution during the thermal spray process, it helps to minimize thermal variations on the substrate and to select the appropriate execution sequence of trajectory.
4

Modeling The Temperature of a Calorimeter at Clab : Considering a Thermodynamic Model of The Temperature Evolution of The Calorimeter System 251

Ekman, Johannes January 2021 (has links)
It is important to know the heat generated due to nuclear decay in the final repository for spent nuclear fuel. In Sweden, the heating powers generated in spent nuclear fuels are currently measured in the calorimeter System 251 at the Clab facility, Oskarshamn. In order to better measure, and increase understanding, of the temperature measurements in the calorimeter, a simple thermodynamic model of its temperature evolution was developed. The model was described as a system of ordinary differential equations, which were solved, and the solution was applied to calibration measurements of the calorimeter. How precise the model is, how its parameters affect the model, et cetera, are addressed. How the temperature evolution of the system changes as the values of parameters in the model are changed is addressed. The mass correction of the calorimeter could be estimated from this model, which validated the established mass correction of the calorimeter. How the measurement results from the calorimeter would be affected if the volume of the calorimeter was changed was also considered. Additionally, gamma radiation escape from the calorimeter without being detected as heat in the calorimeter. The gamma escape energy fraction was estimated by SERPENT simulations of the calorimeter, as a function of the initial photon energy. The gamma escape was also estimated for different values of the radius of System 251.

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