La présente recherche porte sur quelques contingences et destins de la libido unique des sujets concernés par notre étude et appelés couramment « toxicomanes ». La fonction de la drogue est parfois sujette à des bouleversements dans des conjonctures très précises que l’on peut bien appeler « contingentes ». En psychanalyse, la contingence est articulée au régime de la nécessité. Ces diverses conjonctures vont marquer un avant et un après inoubliable dans la vie du sujet. Ce sont des moments où une pratique de jouissance et une position narcissique inhérente à cette pratique commencent à être questionnées par le sujet. Rencontres traumatiques avec le réel de la sexualité et/ou la mort à partir desquelles il y a une remise en question des repères habituels de quelqu’un qui se prétendait un « in-dividu ». Cela nous montre que si les toxicomanies sont une préférence accordée à une certitude de jouissance-Toute, une préférence contre un désir ou contre une jouissance sexuelle, elle n’est pas définitive et fermée dans tous les cas. Il y a un reste de la sexualité qui résiste à toute guérison (un « a ») et dont le retour et l’insistance peut à des moments singuliers perturber l’économie libidinale d’un sujet toxicomane. Un reste dont un sujet peut tirer profit lors d’un traumatisme, par exemple, afin de se mettre au travail ou au moins pour qu’il nous adresse une souffrance qui l’interpellait avant le début de sa consommation. Bien que l’occasion soit contingente, sortir d’une toxicomanie par le biais d’un symptôme entendu comme une possible solution singulière reste une initiative du sujet qui portera la marque de la structure clinique. Il y a un remaniement des repères temporels du sujet d’une part, et un passage par l’affect de l’angoisse ou la honte d’autre part. Ces deux affects peuvent être des boussoles dans une cure, ainsi que des effets d’une destitution d’un narcissisme et d’une présence du signifiant dans le réel du corps et du langage. Une présence qui se fait de plus en plus évidente et indéniable, et qui mènera le sujet à s’adresser à quelqu’un qui prenne en compte le plus singulier de sa souffrance. Cette écoute est susceptible de mettre en place un transfert sur quelqu’un qui n’est pas un alchimiste mais quelqu’un qui, au contraire, apporte son manque. / The present investigation addresses certain contingencies and destinies of the subjects that were the object of this study, who are commonly referred to as "drug addicts". The function of the drug can, at times, be transformed in the context of precise conjunctures which we may characterize as "contingent”. In psychoanalysis, contingency is linked to the regime of necessity. These diverse conjunctures mark an unforgettable before and after in the life of a subject. They are moments where a practice of enjoyment is ruined and a narcissistic position begins to be questioned by the subject, traumatic encounters with the reality of sexuality and death, from which arises a questioning of the usual points of reference of someone who considered themselves an "individual". This shows us that if drug addictions are a preference for a certainty of total enjoyment, a preference against desire and against sexual enjoyment, it is not definitive and closed in all cases. There is a remnant of sexuality that resists any cure and whose return and insistence can at certain times disturb the libidinal economy of a drug addict subject. A remnant of which he can extract a benefit in the context of a trauma, to get to work or at least to direct us a suffering that had been questioning him for a long time, before his first consumption. Although the occasion is contingent, leaving a practice of drug addiction by way of a symptom, understood as a possible singular solution, is an initiative of a subject that will have the stamp of the clinical structure. There is a restructuring of the temporal references of the subject on the one hand, and a passage for the feeling of anguish or shame on the other hand. These two feelings can be guides in a cure, as well as the effects of destitution of a narcissism and a presence of the signifier in the real of the body and language. A presence that is becoming more and more inevitable and that will lead the subject to address someone who takes into account the most unique aspect of their suffering. This listening is susceptible to generate a transfer in someone who is not an alchemist, but someone who is able to put his fault in play for those who consult it. / La presente investigación trata acerca de ciertas contingencias y destinos singulares de los sujetos que fueron objeto de este estudio y que comúnmente se los denomina “toxicómanos”. La función de la droga puede estar, a veces, sujeta a transformaciones en el marco de coyunturas precisas que podemos caracterizar como “contingentes”. En psicoanálisis, la contingencia está ligada al régimen de la necesidad. Estas coyunturas diversas marcan un antes y un después inolvidable en la vida de un sujeto. Son momentos donde una práctica de goce se arruina y una posición narcisista comienza a ser puesta en cuestión por parte del sujeto. Rencuentros traumáticos con lo real de la sexualidad y de la muerte, a partir de los cuales surge un cuestionamiento de los puntos de referencia habituales de alguien que se tomaba por un “in-dividuo”. Lo que nos muestra que si las toxicomanías son una preferencia por una certeza de goce-Todo, una preferencia contra el deseo y contra el goce sexual, ella no es definitiva y cerrada en todos los casos. Hay un resto (a) de la sexualidad que resiste a toda cura y cuyo retorno e insistencia puede en ciertos momentos perturbar la economía libidinal de un sujeto toxicómano. Un resto del cual él puede extraer un beneficio en el marco de un traumatismo, para ponerse a trabajar o al menos para que nos dirija un sufrimiento que lo interpelaba hacía tiempo, antes de su primer consumo. Si bien la ocasión es contingente, salir de una práctica de toxicomanía por la vía de un síntoma entendido como una posible solución singular, es una iniciativa de un sujeto que tendrá el sello de la estructura clínica. Hay una reestructuración de las referencias temporales del sujeto por un lado, y un pasaje por el afecto de la angustia o de la vergüenza por otro lado. Estos dos afectos pueden ser orientadores en una cura, así como los efectos de destitución de un narcisismo y de una presencia del significante en lo real del cuerpo y del lenguaje. Una presencia que se hace cada vez más inevitable y que llevará al sujeto a dirigirse a alguien que tome en cuenta lo más singular de su sufrimiento. Esta escucha es susceptible de generar una transferencia en alguien que no es un alquimista, sino alguien que es capaz de poner en juego su falta para quien lo consulta.

My diploma thesis follows the unfinished EGBA cycle, which started in late October 2016. The name EGBA is the result of the uncertainty, anxiety and loss of trust in man as a healthy individual. I see the EGBA project as a candy with a filling, the content of which is composed of taste that influences one another. Even though it's a great advertisement, the great packaging itself looks great, the candy itself is inedible. The first of the mixed tastes is the term postcapitalism, as a constantly persistent system of capitalism, which, despite all possible peripetions, can not and does not overcome. Despite the growing interconnection of influential entrepreneurs with the state apparatus into the incomprehensible web of ties and relationships associated with deepening financial inequality among people, high indebtedness of countries, degrading environment, etc. The second taste is the temporality in which I am the primary acceleration as an alleged tool of progress. Accelerating is a long-term process that comes with modern times as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Today's time brings us a freneticly fragmented reality in which we try to squeeze as many acts or performances as possible into shorter time intervals. Speed has become a sign of success, so it's no surprise that many of us end up on the pill of hope as it is clear that our biorhythm can not be stretched indefinitely. The current, accelerated society can be likened to a swamp. The faster it rotates its gear, the faster it sinks in the liquid period. The third taste is posthumanism, which we have achieved by constantly simplifying and reducing the problems that nature poses before us. This relief has led us to create a machine that is so effective in reducing it, that it also creates its own problems. Technology keeps coming close to us, constantly evolving new technological advances that are increasingly "more sophisticated, useful and smarter". The inconspicuous disappearance of human nature gradually transforms into the form of Thésa's ship. The fourth taste is anthropocene. The theme of anthropocene circulated most of the news channels. Yes, it is serious and undeniable, although in many conspiracy theories it is completely misunderstood, for example, the blue, not the green palette, Donald's tricks, etc. In short, a long-term game of chess, man versus nature seems to be more advantageous for blacks. The last ingredient is a binder named Internet, like saliva flowing through all of these tastes. All of these candy essences are frustrating for me, and the best solution to me was the theme of apocalypse in my previous work. Dystopic thinking, however, does not last long and I have begun to overflow the hopes of hope that it could all have some positive effect. So if I come somewhere to see a bowl of candy, I will not hesitate and taste it. Most of these are places where it is necessary to wait, to withstand, or to buy something, so I will enjoy plenty of time and quiet to enjoy the tastes of candy and wait for the rainbow.

Directions, where my practical part of thesis lead me, is preset moment "now", its understanding in different disciplines and also empiric examination of collision between the time of inside quality and time, which has set independent scale into our world - chronological time. Motive for choosing such topic is mainly my own experience, but it is also reaction to contemporary tendencies in art scene, which (by my opinion) are turning away from present. The outcome of this interest is a video Uchopit okamžik/hold the moment ( 08'30 '' , 2016) filmed at studio keying screen accompanied by audio commentary. The second video Natáhnout okamžik/extend the moment ( 01'00 '', 2016) is a video recording of my own experience with time. I came out from my own experience and also resources and nonfiction of the phenomenological texts by authors such as Emmanuel Lévians or Jan Sokol.

Depuis quelques années, les groupes de distribution alimentaires français ont développé de nouveaux concepts de magasins de proximité et on note une augmentation régulière de leurs parts de marché. Les raisons du succès de ces magasins peuvent s’expliquer par certains facteurs sociodémographiques (vieillissement, taille réduite des ménages) mais aussi par une modification des attentes temporelles des consommateurs. A travers cette recherche, nous nous interrogeons sur les notions de proximité et de temporalité dans la distribution et tentons de prédire l’intention des consommateurs de fréquenter ces nouveaux concepts de magasins de proximité. L’analyse de 22 entretiens qualitatifs auprès de distributeurs et de consommateurs nous a permis de proposer un modèle conceptuel qui a ensuite été testé de manière empirique auprès de deux échantillons de 250 consommateurs chacun, en se basant sur une analyse par équations structurelles de type PLS. Les résultats montrent que les libres-services alimentaires de proximité fidélisent leur clientèle essentiellement par la proximité relationnelle et fonctionnelle qu’ils apportent, ainsi que par la possibilité qu’ils offrent aux consommateurs, de mieux gérer leur temps. En effet, certaines de leurs caractéristiques (amplitude d’ouverture, faible taille du magasin et des assortiments, temps limité d’attente aux caisses) permettent, aux consommateurs, non seulement de gagner du temps (chronos), mais surtout de fréquenter ces magasins au moment voulu, et de manière immédiate (kaïros). Ces concepts de magasins semblent donc entrer en résonnance avec les attentes du consommateur post-moderne en quête de lien social et vivant de plus en plus dans le présentisme et l’immédiateté. / Since few years, French food retailers have developed new concepts of convenience stores and their market share increase regularly. The reasons for their success can be explained by socio-demographic factors (aging, smaller households) but also by a change in temporal consumer expectations. Through this research, we question the notions of proximity and temporality in retailing and try to predict the intention to patronize these new concepts of convenience stores by consumers. The analysis of 22 qualitative interviews with retailers and consumers has enabled us to propose a conceptual model which was then tested empirically with two samples of 250 consumers each, based on a PLS structural equation modeling. Results show that customers patronize convenience stores primarily through the relational and functional proximity they bring, as well as the opportunity they offer to consumers to better manage their time. Indeed, some of their characteristics (opening hours, small store size and assortment, limited waiting time at checkout) allow consumers not only to save time (chronos), but mainly frequent these stores at the right time and immediately (kaïros). This store concepts seem then to meet post-modern consumer’s expectations seeking for social links and living increasingly in presentism and immediacy.

The thesis deals with the issue of authentic or inauthentic work of art in the context of philosophy of authentic / inauthentic mode of existence (Dasein) as it was developed by Martin Heidegger in his Time and Being. The reason for addressing this issue is an effort to open the possibility of understanding authenticity or inauthenticity of individual Dasein in the manner which grasps it in the act of its performance, i.e. as a singular event. Thinking of authentic / inauthentic work of art demonstrates the limits of approach which understands authenticity only as certain originality or "selfness" which should belong to something authentic or inauthentic, almost like its accident. This thesis is therefore concerned with what is revealed if the concept of authenticity is transposed to a work of art. Since it is the subject who can make the act of performance of authenticity happen, the author and the recipient of the authentic / inauthentic work of art are problematized as well. When dealing with the work of art with respect to its temporality (historicality) or its being, the thesis also provides room for the issue of perception of the work of art. The resemblance of the author and the recipient is thus revealed and so is the necessity to learn to see not only artworks as such but to see them...

Title: Multidisciplinary approach to the phenomenon of a game Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to pursue an explanation of a game as a term and to demonstrate via multidisciplinary approach the scope and impact of a game. Sectional objectives are conceptual clarification of a game, description of its basic characteristics, determination of eligible classification, and analysis of historical development of games. Methods: There are progressive, diachronic, and probe methods applied in this thesis. The interpretation of text also utilized the hermeneutic method. Results: The first part of the thesis provides basic information regarding a game. It aims to explain a game as a term via selected definitions. It also contains the classification of games and characteristics of a game. Furthermore, the first part includes a chapter describing the history of a game from their origin all the way to the present. The main goal of this thesis is fulfilled in the second part. Utilizing analysis of particular disciplinary approaches, it proves the remarkable scope and impact of the phenomenon called a game. Keywords: game, culture, homo ludens, sportive games, kinanthropology, experience, temporality

The diploma thesis focuses on the topic of environmental migration because of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. The main questions of the thesis are whether the Chernobyl accident is associated at any social level with environmental migration to the Czech Republic? To what time is the event socially framed? In what areas and how does the accident currently affect the lives of the environmental migrants? The diploma thesis has two research parts. The first part is a media analysis, which shows that the Chernobyl accident is mostly socially perceived as a matter of the past and is not associated with environmental migration to the Czech Republic. The second research part is based on anthropological research of semi- structured interviews with respondents. The result of this research is the division of radiation toxicity into five dimensions (political, biological, potential, reproductive, migration), in which the consequences of the Chernobyl accident continue to manifest themselves in the lives of environmental migrants. The dimensions of toxicity take place in different time frames, so the work also focuses on the temporality of modern accidents. The social perception of the Chernobyl accident as a finished event does not mean that it is no longer present in human lives. The aim of the...

The population's aging phenomenon is no longer a new topic world wide. "The wlderly", as the term indicates, is labeled as one not obvious marginalized group. Architecture reporter Eric Baldwin also wrote that " Architects and planners must begin moving beyond end of life care and nursing facilities to consider the new design challenges posed by aging adults who desire active, interconnected lifestyles. Embracing networks of family and community, a new generation of Elederly adults are looking to maintain independence and freedom trough nobility, self- governance and third spaces." What I am trying to do is to explore a new life style for the elderly to have fun, freedom, social connections and get the help they need properly in the center of Stockholm. At the same time, this project also has symbolic meaning that the city refill the lost attention of the elderly.

The study concentrates on possible connection between phenomenological thought of Edmund Husserl and Jean-Paul Sartre by focusing on the way by which each of them frames pre-reflexive self-awareness of consciousness and its role in the process of constitution of the identity of the "Ego" as a subjective pole. Essential motivation derives from the effort of highlighting those moments of Husserl's thinking, which might have been or actually were a source of inspiration for Sartre and the formulation of these concepts in the early stages of his career. Subsequently, the quest is to clarify the scale of this inspiration and to shed some light on the question whether Sartre did not push his constructions over the boundaries of the scientific field set by Husserl. The study also incorporates several of Husserl's works which are in their conclusions tending to go against those presented as a possible source of Sartre's inspiration. That is done in order not to simplify the ambivalence of Husserl's work over the acceptable limit as well as to emphasize the nature of the investigations preferred by Sartre. These investigations lead in his work to the conceptualization of human existence as necessarily free, which is the conclusion of the presented study. Key words: Husserl, Sartre, consciousness,...

The theme of our work is concentrated on basic sources of inspiration of french thinker, Simone de Beauvoir. As we are trying to show, ways of conceptualization of human existence, that are common to works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre, are main focus stones, on which is being build individualization of existential phenomenological thought of Simone de Beauvoir. Therefore, our interpretation is aimed on making visible those themes, that are most important as ilustrations of these interpretations. To achieve this goal we are using She Came to Stay, the first novel of Beauvoir, where we are seeing first manifestations of main themes of her later works.