Este trabalho volta-se ao estudo das diretivas antecipadas sobre o fim da vida na relação médica no Brasil. Pretende-se verificar a legitimidade bioética e a legitimidade e possibilidade jurídicas da prática das diretivas antecipadas sobre o fim da vida como objetivo central. Busca-se aferir a adequação, bioética e jurídica, das diretivas antecipadas como veículo próprio de autodeterminação da pessoa diante de suas possibilidades existenciais e da formulação de seu projeto de vida e de morte digna. Ademais, especificamente, procura-se determinar a possibilidade jurídica das diretivas antecipadas no Ordenamento brasileiro: a coerência com as garantias constitucionais e a existência de institutos aptos a tal prática. Propõe-se sustentar a legitimação jurídica das diretivas antecipadas no Brasil, indicando possíveis caminhos às soluções interpretativas no plano jurídico, e os efeitos na relação médica a partir, também, das considerações bioéticas. Com essa finalidade, pretende-se averiguar a compatibilidade entre as normas deontológicas de origem bioética e as normas jurídicas de status constitucional de proteção à pessoa humana. A tese também propõe a análise do contexto em que as diretivas antecipadas são utilizadas para (i) problematizar as ideias de capacidade e competência para a prática desse ato de autonomia pessoal, (ii) problematizar sobre como a perspectiva familiar, a perspectiva técnica dos profissionais da saúde e a perspectiva do Poder Judiciário contingenciam a liberdade desse ato e (iii) aferir a eficácia desses atos no espaço clínico e familiar. Para tanto, será empreendido estudo teórico mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e de referências, que levantará as publicações, nacionais e internacionais, sobre os temas da tese. O levantamento bibliográfico compreenderá, preferencialmente, obras sobre filosofia, ética, bioética e direito, que permitam a análise das questões teóricas envolvidas no estudo. O desenvolvimento do trabalho estrutura-se em três capítulos. O primeiro pretende estabelecer as bases conceituais e os fundamentos legais das diretivas antecipadas. O segundo capítulo apresentará a sistematização entre os valores bioéticos e jurídicos que se relacionam a tal prática. O capítulo três apresentará as questões fundamentais pertinentes à validade e eficácia da prática das diretivas antecipadas no Brasil. A partir das premissas construídas ao longo do desenvolvimento, o desfecho da pesquisa pretende reforçar seu argumento central demonstrando, então, a legitimação bioética e a legitimidade e a possibilidade jurídicas das diretivas antecipadas sobre o fim da vida no atual contexto brasileiro.

邵倩文. / "2012年5月". / "2012 nian 5 yue". / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Shao Qianwen. / 摘要 --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / 目錄 --- p.iv / Chapter 第一章： --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- 現代化社會下的臨終者的處 境 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- 醫療化的死亡´ؤ´ؤ非人性化、割裂化之的治 療 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- 在社會上隔離臨終 者 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- 視「死亡與臨終」爲禁忌，爲羞恥´ة爲失 敗 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4. --- 小 結 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2. --- 「死亡意識」運動興 起 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- 教會、牧者在現今的社會中如何回應臨終者的處境 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- 基督教會放棄與「否認死亡」文化抵抗´ة間接隔離臨終者 --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- 「牧養關懷」探索以基督的身份、角色去回應臨終者處境 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4. --- 本文硏究目的 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5. --- 本文硏究方法 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二章： --- 臨終者及臨終關懷者個人處境 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1. --- 臨終者自身的需要´ؤ´ؤ靈性層面 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- 臨終病者的靈性觀及靈性需 要 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- 臨終病者期望怎樣的醫護人員能關顧他們的靈性需 要 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2. --- 臨終關懷者的狀況´ؤ´ؤ提供靈性護理層 面 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3. --- 臨終關懷者的給予關懷上的阻 礙 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- 不同的崗位，不同的功能´ؤ´ؤ牧關工作者的同在要 求 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- 牧關工作者「同在」的無助感、孤單感及耗盡 感 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- 減輕牧關工作者的耗盡感及無助感的矛 盾 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4. --- 小 結 --- p.24 / Chapter 第三章： --- 莫特曼的十架三一神論 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1 --- 莫特曼十架的三一神論建構的進路 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- 從經驗苦難的生平，而引發的神學思 維 --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- 以回應社會處境´ة而引發三一論構思的演變進 程 --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2. --- 莫特曼三一論的特 色 --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- 莫特曼面對當下處境三一論說的扭 曲 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- 以上帝的歷史的向度，對抗上帝爲「最高的實體」 --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- 以內在三一´ة對抗上帝爲「絶對主體」 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3. --- 小 結 --- p.38 / Chapter 第四章： --- 莫特曼的三一論與牧養臨終者 --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1. --- 三一神論´ة提供牧養臨終者的原則 --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2. --- 從三一神論，去定義牧關工作者的身份與位置 --- p.42 / Chapter 4.3. --- 十架三一論，爲牧養臨終者的過程提供指引 --- p.44 / Chapter 4.4. --- 小結 --- p.47 / Chapter 第五章： --- 總結´ؤ´ؤ莫特曼的三一思維的進路限制與展望 --- p.48 / Chapter 第六章： --- 參考書目 --- p.50 / Chapter 6.1. --- 英文參考書目 --- p.50 / Chapter 6.2. --- 中文參考書目 --- p.53

ABSTRACT Centered on interviews with 13 hospice care professionals from two large hospice organizations in Southern California, this thesis project examines the challenges that arise in hospice work. Hospice’s delivery of end-of-life care is becoming even more significant as the population lives longer. According to the National Institute on Aging (2014), the face of aging in the United States is changing dramatically. This examination discloses some of the challenges that hospice workers face in a continuously changing health care system, while trying to provide extraordinary service to the terminally ill. Hospice regards dying as a conventional progression, and neither hastens nor defers death. Hospice health care professions are essential in providing care. This thesis uses a qualitative method and examined beliefs about hospice care among hospice professionals using compassion fatigue also known as burnout, job satisfaction and religion and spirituality as a foundation. The findings of this thesis found that compassion fatigue is a real phenomenon and has been experienced by nine or 69% of participants, and of the 69%, six or 67% that experienced compassion fatigue are paid employees who work a forty hour work week. The remaining three participants or 33% who have experienced compassion fatigue are volunteers who commit to volunteering more than two days a week. Frequent contact with individuals who are terminally ill increases the likelihood of compassion fatigue. The iv findings also indicate that 100% of participants experienced job satisfaction while working in patient care, despite the length of time working in the field of hospice. Job satisfaction is contributed to the belief that participants have regarding hospice care, and that belief is the work they do in hospice is a "calling" and they all consider working with the terminally ill as a privilege. Lastly, the findings indicate that religion and spirituality play a major role in how participants deal with the ongoing death of patients. Ninety two percent or 12 out of the 13 participants claim a belief in a higher power, and they use this belief to cope with the suffering and death of patients. They also use religion and spirituality as a way to decrease stress and to have a piece of mind that when a patient dies they are in a much better place and relieved of their suffering. Taken as a whole, this study concentrated on hospice professionals and the correlation of compassion fatigue, job satisfaction and religion and spiritually which can have a pronounced impact on the overall quality of service delivery. The purpose of this study was to bring mindfulness to the hospice social professional. What has been provided in this study is empirical support for advanced research in the field of hospice care. Additional research is necessary in order to understand more about the beliefs of hospice care among helping professionals and the motivations they use in order to deliver optimal service to the terminally ill.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-171).

Bakgrund: Människan har alltid sett döden som något obehagligt och kommer troligen alltid att göra det. Ända fram till 60-talet var det få läkare som vågade tala om diagnosen för patienten om hon var döende. De anhöriga spelar en stor roll i vården av patienten i livets slutskede. Man ska vara lyhörd och uppmärksam för att på bästa sätt kunna tolka signaler i samtal med patienter. Ansvaret som vilar på sjuksköterskan är stort. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskans kommunikation med patienten och dess anhöriga i livets slutskede. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på tolv kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO. De tolv artiklarna som valdes ut granskades för att säkerställa kvalitén på dem. Resultat: Sju kategorier hittades: Tid, Ovilja att samtala om döden, Kultur och livsåskådning, Icke verbal kommunikation, Ärlighet, Hopp och sjuksköterskans känslor. Slutsats: En döende patient har också behov av att göra sin röst hörd och känna att någon tar sig tid att lyssna på henne. Döden är något skrämmande för de flesta människor, men genom bra samtal kan man beröra ämnet och minska rädslan så att patienten kan uttrycka sina känslor och få inre frid.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Western Seminary, Portland, OR, 2007. / Abstract. Typescript. Date on approval sheet, March 17 and 18, 2008; date on title page, November 13, 2007. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-198).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Kiel, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xiii-xxxiii).