The sorption of humic acid (HA) and HA size fractions onto magnetite has been studied. There is considerable irreversibility in the interaction of the humic with the magnetite surface, but the presence of Eu3+ ions has no effect on the sorption of humic onto magnetite. The magnitude of the sorption to magnetite increases with HA fraction size for all ionic strengths between 0.01 and 3 mol dm-3. Increasing ionic strength also increases sorption. Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation analysis of HA sorption to magnetite after 1 day revealed preferential sorption of lower molecular weight material. Eu3+ sorption onto magnetite was studied as a function of Eu concentration, which showed an increase in relative sorption as Eu concentration decreased. The behaviour of Eu3+ in ternary (HA/Eu3+/magnetite) systems is heavily influenced by HA, and from the data there is direct evidence for ternary complex formation. Larger HA size fractions retain more Eu3+ in solution than the smaller fractions. The binding strengths of HA size fractions were determined through ion exchange resin experiments: generally the larger fractions (> 10 kDa) showed stronger binding than the smaller components, but the unfractionated sample showed the strongest binding.First order dissociation rate constants have been determined for the whole HA and HA size fractions. The dissociation rate constants are independent of HA fraction size, but the larger species bind more Eu non-exchangeably. Time series ultrafiltration of Eu3+/whole humic mixtures has shown a shift in the distribution of metal ions to larger size fractions after a few days. Two ternary system kinetic speciation models have been developed to predict the behaviour of HA and Eu3+ in ternary systems. The two differ in their description of the multi-component behaviour of the binary HA-mineral interaction. The first assumes a single HA species and two surface binding sites and was found to perform better overall than the second, which has a single surface sorption site and two HA species in solution. The exchangeable binding strengths for the different HA samples calculated from both models showed similarities to those measured experimentally.

Le problème dans cette étude est celui de l’incorporation de la gomme Grewia mollis dans le mélange blé-taro avec pour objet d’améliorer le taux de substitution du blé par la farine de taro qui, selon la littérature, ne peut dépasser de valeurs allant de 10 à 15 % sans altérer de façon considérable la qualité de la pâte de pain. Les objectifs définis dans cette étude sont triples : (1) d’abord connaitre les propriétés de la farine de taro variété Lamba qui, avant cette étude n’a pas fait l’objet d’études antérieures. (2) Déterminer les conditions optimales d’extraction de la gomme Grewia, dont on connait de la littérature les caractéristiques physicochimiques et fonctionnelles et pas les meilleures conditions d’extraction. (3) Etudier dans un plan de mélange à trois composantes l’effet du pourcentage de gomme, de farine de taro et blé sur les propriétés rhéologiques et sensorielles de la pâte et du pain. Dans cette étude les méthodes usuelles de caractérisation ont été utilisées. Pour l’objectif 1, le dispositif expérimental prend en compte la taille du tubercule (4 modalités) comme facteurs, et les paramètres mesurés sont : la composition proximale, la granulométrie et la forme de particules, les propriétés thermiques et rhéologiques de la farine. Pour l’objectif 2, la gomme est extraite selon un plan composite centré à faces centrées avec comme facteurs le ratio volume d’eau sur masse de la poudre de l’écorce, la température et le temps d’extraction, et les réponses sont la viscosité de la solution et le taux d’extraction. Une caractérisation du profil de sucres de la gomme a été faite. Pour l’objectif 3, un plan de mélange ternaire Grewia-taro-blé à contraintes a été effectué. Le volume de pousse de la pâte, le test de double morsure, le test du fluage-recouvrement ont été mesurés sur la pâte, alors que les pains obtenus ont fait l’objet d’une analyse du test de double compression et d’acceptabilité. Les résultats de l’objectif 1 ont montré que la composition physicochimique du taro varie en fonction de la masse et du pelage, le profil en acide aminé présente une absence des acides aminés soufrés. Les résultats de l’extraction de la gomme dans l’objectif 2 ont montré que seul le ratio augmente significativement la viscosité et le rendement d’extraction de la gomme. Les conditions optimales d’extraction de la gomme Grewia mollis sont les suivantes: pH: 7,1 temps : 1h température: 73,1 °C ratio eau / poudre : 55,4 / 1, pour une viscosité de 0,98 Pa.s et un rendement de 0,32%. Les résultats de l’objectif 3 montrent que l’augmentation de la gomme Grewia mollis entraine une augmentation de la capacité d’absorption d’eau des farines mélangées, une augmentation de la viscoélasticité, du volume de pousse, du volume de pain, de l’acceptabilité générale jusqu’à un seuil de 2,5% puis une baisse est observée. Les analyses de corrélation ont montré que l’augmentation de la capacité d’absorption d’eau entraine une baisse des paramètres du fluage et du recouvrement de la pâte, du volume de pousse / The problem in this study is the incorporation of Grewia gum in the wheat-taro mixture in order to improve the level of substitution of wheat flour by taro flour which, according to the literature, cannot exceed 10-15% without deteriorating in a considerable manner the quality of the bread paste. The objective defined in this study is threefold : (1) to know the properties of the flour of taro Lamba variety which, before this study have not been the object for research (2) to determine the optimum conditions for extraction of the Grewia gum, with known physico-chemical and functional characteristics but no standard for conditions extraction. (3) To study the effect of the percentage of gum, taro flour and wheat flour on the rheological and sensory properties of the paste and the bread using a mixture designs with three components. In this study the usual methods of characterization were used. For objective 1, the experimental device takes into account sizes of tuber (4 weight) like factors, and the measured parameters are: the proximate composition, the granulometry and the shape of particles, thermal and rheological properties of the flour. For objective 2, the gum is extracted using a central composite design with faces centered with factors like the flour water ratio (w / w), the temperature, extraction time and pH, the response were the viscosity of the solution and the yield of extraction. A characterization of the sugar profile of gum was made. For objective 3, a ternary mixture design Grewia - taro-wheat with constraints was carried out. The volume of dough, the rheology of paste, the double bite test, the creep-recovering test were measured on the dough, whereas a double compression test analysis and acceptability were carried out on the bread. The results of objective 1 showed that the physico-chemical composition of the taro varies as a function of the mass and peeling type, the amino acid profile reveals the absence of sulphur amino acids. The results of the extraction of gum showed that only the ratio significantly increases the viscosity and the yield of the gum.The optimum conditions for extraction of the Grewia gum are as follows:pH: 7.1 times : 1h temperature: 73 °C water / powder ratio: 55.4 / 1, for a viscosity of 0.98 Pa.s and and yield of 0.32 %. The results of objective 3 show that the incorporation of gum increase the water absorption capacity, viscoelasticity of the dough, volume of the dough and even volume of bread. However the sensory analysis showed that the addition of gum up to 5% contributed to the rejection of the breads

Le but de notre travail était d'étudier comment des interactions impliquant des acides nucléiques pouvaient réguler le cycle viral du virus de l'hépatite C (VHC). L'ARN génomique du VHC est très structuré au niveau de ses extrémités 5' et 3'. La tige-boucle 5BSL3.2 a été décrite comme interagissant avec la SLIIId, la Seq9110 et la SL2 par génétique inverse et expériences de complémentation de mutations. La résonance plasmonique de surface (SPR) a été utilisée afin de caractériser ces interactions. Cela nous a conduit à développer des méthodes permettant d’étendre l'utilisation de la SPR. Nous avons pu observer, in vitro, une interaction entre la 5BSL3.2 et miR-122, un microARN fortement exprimé dans les hépatocytes. Nos résultats ont également montré que la SL2 était une séquence ARN pouvant former au moins deux conformations. L'une étant capable d'interagir avec la 5BSL3.2 et l'autre pouvant s'auto-associer. L'étude de cette dimérisation sur modèle cellulaire a montré qu'elle était impliquée dans les mécanismes de la réplication virale. Le développement d'une méthode d'analyse des complexes ternaires a permis la caractérisation simultanée du complexe formé entre la boucle interne de la 5BSL3.2 et ses partenaires (Seq9110 et SLIIId) ainsi que du complexe formé entre la boucle apicale et ses partenaires (SL2 et miR-122). Ces résultats ont montré que les deux sites de liaison de la 5BSL3.2 étaient structurellement indépendants. Ces interactions pourraient donc coexister dans un contexte physiologique. Les résultats montrent que la SLIIId et la Seq9110 sont en compétition pour interagir avec la boucle interne de la 5BSL3.2 tandis que la tige-boucle SL2 et miR-122 sont en compétition pour interagir avec la boucle apicale de la 5BSL3.2. La 5BSL3.2 est donc un motif ARN structuré pouvant agir comme une plaque tournante, capable d'interagir avec d'autres régions de l'ARN génomique tandis que la SL2 a montré que les deux interactions qu'elle pouvait former, mutuellement exclusives, étaient importantes pour la prolifération virale. Les mécanismes de compétition observés pourraient être impliqués dans la commutation entre les différentes étapes du cycle viral. / We are interested in understanding how interactions involving nucleic acids regulate the life cycle of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The HCV genomic RNA is highly structured at the 5' and 3' ends. The stem-loop 5BSL3.2 was described to interact with the SLIIId, the Seq9110 and the SL2 by reverse genetics and complementation mutation experiments. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to characterize these interactions. This led us to develop methods to expand the use of this technique. We described in vitro evidences for an interaction between 5BSL3.2 and miR-122, a microRNA highly expressed in hepatocytes. As shown by our results, SL2 is a highly dynamic RNA motif that fluctuates between at least two conformations: one is able to hybridize with 5BSL3.2 and the other one is capable of self-associating. The study of this dimerization in living cells has shown an implication of this phenomenon in viral replication processes. The development of a ternary complex analysis method allowed the characterization of the Seq9110 (or SLIIId) and SL2 (or miR-122) interacting with 5BSL3.2. Our results shown that the two binding sites of 5BSL3.2, the apical and internal loops, are structurally independent, suggesting that these interactions may coexist in a physiological context. SLIIId and Seq9110 were shown to compete to interact with 5BSL3.2 internal loop while SL2 and miR-122 were shown to compete to interact with 5BSL3.2 apical loop. In conclusion, 5BSL3.2 is a structured RNA motif that could act as a molecular hub capable of interacting with other genomic RNA regions while the two interactions of the SL2, mutually exclusives, were shown to be crucial for viral proliferation. The competition mechanisms observed could be involved in the commutation between viral cycle steps.

La sensibilité est souvent assimilée à cette part de l’homme peu fréquentable, subversive, empêchant la maîtrise toute, dans une civilisation dominée par le contrôle, la rentabilité et les technosciences. La question de la sensibilité se limite souvent à une approche parcellaire de la culture des sens. C’est pourquoi nous avons approfondi notre réflexion d’un point de vue épistémologique pour en cerner davantage les enjeux pour la clinique et en déduire une réflexion enrichissante pour le champ éducatif, dont le résultat témoigne d’un entrelacs constant entre réflexion, pratique, analyse et recherche. Pour ce faire, notre méthodologie de recherche a pris appui sur une approche résolument psychanalytique, à partir du noeud borroméen de Jacques Lacan. Ainsi, nous poserons que l’Homme est fragile par sa dimension paradoxale : appelé à jouir par sa dimension incarnée, il se retrouve à être sexué et mortel, confronté ainsi à une finitude le marquant du sceau du « Pas Tout », et qu’il est riche potentiellement par ce que nous nommerons sa dimension ternaire ou Tridimensionnelle – soma (le corps) – psyché (l’âme) - pneuma (l’esprit) – afin de prendre en compte non seulement ses potentialités somatiques, psychiques mais aussi pneumatiques. Nous soulignerons que la sensibilité a été régulièrement pensée en termes de « dualité » et non dans une logique de « ternarité ». Puis nous proposerons une conceptualisation ternaire, borroméenne et paradoxale de la Sensibilité du Sujet, espérant apporter une certaine stabilité et consistance à ce concept, à partir d’une clinique psychanalytique, pour l’éducation d’un Sujet vivant en de-venir. / Sensibility often relates to that part of man that is disreputable, subversive, refraining man’s total self-control in a civilisation obsessed with control, profitability and technoscience. The topic of sensitivity often limits itself to the fragmented approach of the culture of senses. That is the reason why we have focused our attention upon the epistemological angle in order to further understand what is at stake for the clinic and draw a valuable reflection out of it for education, whose result reveals the constant interaction between thought, practice, analysis and research. To achieve this, our methodology of research is centred upon a highly psychoanalytic approach, based on Lacan’s Borromean knot. Thus, we postulate that Man is fragile through his paradoxical dimension: he finds himself a sexual and mortal being making the most of himself through his incarnate dimension and is faced with a finiteness that binds him to the “notall”. Furthermore, he has such a rich potential drawn upon the ternary or three-dimensional dimension–i.e. soma (the body), psyche (the soul), pneuma (the spirit)–that he has become aware of his somatic, psychic as well as pneumatic potentialities. We want to highlight the fact that Sensibility has been regularly thought in terms of “duality” rather than a logic of ternarity. We propose that the Subject’s Sensibility be based upon a ternary, Borromean and paradoxical conceptualisation with a view to bring some stability and consistence to this very concept through a psychoanalytical clinic for the education of a living Subject to be-come.

[pt] Há algum tempo biocombustíveis renováveis são potenciais soluções sugeridas às questões de emissão de poluentes e dependência da sociedade aos derivados fósseis. Biodiesel e etanol são combustíveis comerciais renováveis candidatos à substituição das fontes fósseis, especialmente, em motores de ignição por compressão, os quais são tipicamente mais eficientes do que aqueles de ignição por centelha. Misturas ternárias de diesel, biodiesel e etanol formam estratégias de substituição parcial do diesel aplicáveis em motores de ignição por compressão sem a necessidade de grandes adaptações. Nesta dissertação realizaram-se avaliações experimentais em um motor multi-cilíndrico de ignição por compressão (MWM 4.10 TCA), abastecido com misturas de diesel, biodiesel (até 15 por cento em teor volumétrico) e etanol anidro (até 20 por cento em teor volumétrico). Cada mistura ternária é composta por diferentes proporções do álcool e sempre com a concentração volumétrica de 1 por cento de um aditivo estabilizador da mistura. Portanto, os testes associam substituições parciais do diesel por biocombustíveis a avaliações de desempenho do motor e da combustão das misturas, sob algumas condições de carga, regimes de rotação e instantes de injeção de combustível. Os testes realizados indicam que misturas com 20 por cento em volume de concentração de etanol experimentam inícios de combustão até 4,7 graus CA mais atrasados. Porém, a busca de instantes otimizados na injeção de combustível trouxe melhorias ao desempenho do motor, permitiu conversões energéticas mais vantajosas do etanol na ignição por compressão frente à ignição por centelha, além de minimizar efeitos do etanol em retardar o início da combustão. / [en] Renewable biofuels have been proposed for a long time as an alternative to the issues concerned to pollutants emission and also society s liability to fossil fuels. Biodiesel and ethanol are renewable commercial fuel candidates for fossil fuels substitution, especially, in compression ignition engines, which are typically more efficient than the spark ignition ones. Diesel s partial replacement, such as the substitution by ternary blends formed by diesel, biodiesel and ethanol, is a strategy applicable to compression ignition engines without the need of further modifications. In this dissertation tests were run in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine (MWM 4.10 TCA), fueled with diesel, biodiesel (up to 15 percent in volumetric content) and anhydrous ethanol (up to 20 percent in volumetric content) blends. Each mixture should be composed by different alcohol s proportions and always containing a 1 percent volumetric concentration of additive in order to ensure ternary s blend stability. Therefore, tests try to ally diesel s partial replacement by biofuels with engine performance and blends combustion assessment, under some combinations of load, engine speed and injection timing conditions. The tests performed indicate that the start of the combustion experienced up to 4.7 degrees CA postponements, when fueled with a 20 percent ethanol volumetric concentration blend. Still, optimized injection timing investigation brought improvements to engine performance, allowed better ethanol energetic conversions through compression ignition when compared to spark ignition and could also minimize delays caused by ethanol s presence in the beginning of the combustion.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22777号 / 工博第4776号 / 新制||工||1747(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 乾 晴行, 教授 安田 秀幸, 教授 辻 伸泰 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

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The subject of dissertation is a study of physic-mechanical properties and development of self-leveling polymer-cement composite of the ternary binder system PC-CAC-CS modified with chemical additives and polymeric substances. The dissertation systematically describes a four-step optimalization of the composite considering its key properties. Experimental part has been focused on monitoring the impact of composite components on selected final properties. Basic physico-mechanical, structural properties and its relations (compressive strength, porosity, flow abilities, setting times) have been analyzed for deeper understanding of the effects of individual composite components. Methods which quantify the existence of the newly formed hydration product – ettringite (XRD, SEM with EDS, calorimetry, dilatometry) has been chosen as additional study methods on selected combinations. A working prototype of self-leveling polymer-cement composite was successfully developed based on systematic process and using of testing procedures and measuring methods.

The thesis deals with the development of self-leveling cement screed with compensated shrinkage. It is a ternary binder system with the majority of portland cement, that in the beginning of setting and hardening form an expandable folder ettringite. At first there was a background research of volume changes of hydrating cement composites and methods for measuring these changes. Various sort of expansion additives were also introduced, the main emphasis was on concepts of calculated formation of ettringite, which are typical for self-leveling underlayment. Background research included the issues of formation of ettringite, influences on it’s nucleation and it’s stability. The practical development of the screed began by measuring volume changes of different pastes on a ternary composition. Selected formulations suitable for use are verified together with additives to semi-application tests. After the final configuration of the screed mixture, there was a test in real application of an representative area. Individual formulations were tested in terms of long-term stability of ettringite in dry and moist environments.