Anthropometcic measurements and 24h-recall interviews were conducted on Dene/Metis and Yukon children, and food choice questionnaire interviews were conducted on the mothers of the children. On average, 32% of the children were above the 85th percentile of BMI-for-age in the 2000 CDC Growth Charts. The dietary nutrient intakes were compared to the DRI values. Vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, vitamin E, dietary fiber, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and magnesium intakes were low. Excessive nutrient intake was not observed. Imbalance of energy intake from carbohydrate and fat and excessive energy intake from total sugar and saturated fat were observed. Market foods were a major part of the diet. Traditional food contributed 4.6% of total energy intake. Frequently mentioned factors as having an influence on food selection were cost, health, children's preference and acceptability, traditional food and market food availability, and women's preference.

Remote sensing offers major contributions to the understanding of northern landscapes and vegetation patterns. Recently available instrumentation and analytic techniques, yielding new types of data and new approaches to longstanding problems, are demonstrated in this analysis of terrain conditions and vegetation distributions in the Caribou Hills, N.W.T. The analysis of landform was based on field data, image interpretation and photogrammetric elevation model data. Slope angles and aspects were computed and trend surfaces, residuals and contour maps produced for model areas. Within sampled areas, surface roughness, the degree of dissection and the apparent dominance of either fluvial or mass wasting processes were found to be controlled by slope aspect, snow drifting patterns and the nival melt schedule. Patterns of active layer depth and details of surface materials, morphology and processes were derived from stereoscopic analysis of photographs through linkages with plant associations. Twelve plant associations, defined by field survey, provided a basis for differentiating photographic signatures and vegetation mapping classes. The character and separability of the spectral signatures were reviewed using ratioed and clustered optical film density data. The major advantages of remote sensing as an analytic tool were demonstrated. Remote sensing provides a vast array of geographic data and a unique synthesis of terrain and vegetation conditions offering the researcher key information that is otherwise unavailable.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1_ PRE-TEXTUAL.pdf: 979833 bytes, checksum: 23edf6258dbf191b7529c23c919c50bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-27 / The goal of this research is to analyze urban groups called motor clubs, from Goiânia, capital of the State of Goiás, considering the time perspective between 1980 and 2008, choosing as the beginning, the decade of 1980s, because this period was the formation of the motor clubs in Goiânia. These groups are composed, mainly, by males, and they have the motorcycle as the common good, not as a vehicle itself, but as a symbol of ideology of the group, which refers to the lovers of freedom, adventure, brotherhood, fraternity and extension of youth. In order to broaden the view to this subject, this research was based on the theory of the current individualism and tribalism as well as the underground culture and the current urban tribe issues. This work related the motor clubs to other young urban gangs and the power of the moving pictures media, being the provider of this lifestyle. The main objective of this research, and focusing on the Geographic view, is to indicate, survey, locate, characterize and to show the boundaries of the spaces formed by these groups formed in the urban, during the period of research, as well as, we could even dare to differentiate them and create a new category of fixed, casual and micro territories. And analyzing the vast and complex symbolic field, it is shown a discussion about urban territorialities by these social agents, members of the motor clubs. They can create physical, material barriers, frontiers within a symbolic base, and are able to modify the accesses to people with the people who don t belong to that area. The methodology of this research consists of 60 (sixty) questionnaires, 20 (twenty) informal interviews semi-structured and visits to motor club places, motor bars, video arcades and motorcycle events. / Pretende-se neste trabalho analisar os grupos urbanos denominados de moto clubes da cidade de Goiânia, capital do Estado de Goiás. Para isso, utiliza-se o recorte temporal de 1980 a 2008, período que engloba desde a formação dos primeiros moto clubes de Goiânia ao ano de conclusão da pesquisa. Esses grupos são formados, em sua maioria, pelo gênero masculino, possuem como bem comum a motocicleta, contudo não como um mero veículo e sim um símbolo de ideologia grupal, que remete a ideários de liberdade, aventura, irmandade, fraternidade e extensão da juventude. Na tentativa de ampliar a visão sobre tal assunto, utilizaram-se as bases conceituais do individualismo e do tribalismo contemporâneo, percorrendo também os movimentos de contracultura e subcultura, assim como as recentes discussões acerca de tribos urbanas. Relacionaram-se os moto clubes com outros grupos juvenis urbanos e a força da mídia cinematográfica como propagadora desse modo de vida. A partir do levantamento de caracterização e espacialização dos territórios por eles formados no urbano nesse período pesquisado, os diferenciamos e espacializamos em seus territórios fixos, territórios eventuais e micro territórios. Ao analisar o seu vasto e complexo campo simbólico, entrou-se na discussão de territorialidades urbanas também formadas por esses atores sociais, os membros dos moto clubes. Destacam-se aí as fronteiras com bases simbólicas, físicas, materiais que são capazes de influenciar os acessos de pessoas que são ou não do pedaço . Como estratégia metodológica foram aplicados 60 (sessenta) questionários, 20 (vinte) entrevistas do tipo aberta semi-estrutura e ainda visitas a campo em sedes de moto clubes, moto bares, locadoras de vídeo e em eventos motociclísticos.

No description available.

The Native Territories Penal Code (NTPC) was passed by the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope in 1886. It was part of the administrative machinery of the Cape colonial authorities for the Xhosa speaking people who occupied the area between the Great Kei and the Mtamvuna Rivers. However, it became the criminal code applicable to all people living in the Transkeian Territories regardless of race or colour. The Code was enacted ■following the recommendations of the Cape Government Commission on Native Laws and Customs (1883). Quite unexpectedly this Code exerted a great deal of influence on South African criminal law especially after union was formed in 1910. This was because the code was a document readily available to judges and magistrates in South Africa, and when a difficult question of law arose it was all very easy to say that the South Africa law on the point was as laid down in a particular section of the Code. In this way the Code also assisted in the importation of English law into South African lav;. Text book writers like Gardiner and Lansdown also contributed to the influence of the NTPC on South African criminal law. As time went on, however, South African jurists saw the mistake of the NTPC being recorded as a correct reflection of South African law in particular areas and set out to correct the position. Prominent among these are De Wet & Swanepoel and P.M.A. Hunt. They achieved a great measure of success in watering down the influence of NTPC on South Africa law , although it cannot be said that they eradicated it. So strong was Che influence of this Code that it was felt even as far away as Rhodesia and Bechuanaland (as they then w e r e ). / Criminology and Security Science / D.LI. (Criminology)

We are immersed in an era of supermodernity, an age defined by excesses: of information—the acceleration of historical time—spatial overabundance—the nullification of distance by electronic media and transportation—and an excess of self-reflexive individuality. In this context, the idea of place is giving way to non-places: designed spaces in which social relations are tangential and the boundary between the individual and the group is increasingly mediated. Media plays an important role in the creation of non-places, by favoring a removed form of communication made pervasive and extensive through mobile devices. The blurring of the line between media and actuality extends its definition to encompass not only traditional modes such as radio and television but to a web of systems that regulate and determine relationships between people and collective entities. As a visual communicator, I seek to understand the evolving relationship between individuals and society by focusing on the spatial-social codes and gestures that permeate and define our interactions. In my thesis project, I explore the boundary between personal, subjective space and social space in their physical manifestations. I perceive the latent tension that exists between what is expressed and what is kept to ourselves in a highly codified environment. I depict the inadequacies of media narratives to portray human drama and the strength of these codified visual systems to represent the drama of living inside their constraints. I look for ways of representing the duality of our shared vulnerability in the alienation of contemporary living perpetuated through media, and our acceptance of its imbalances.

During the Indian Residential School period (1867-1960) in the Mackenzie River area of the Northwest Territories, Indigenous students at several schools administered by the Order of the Grey Nuns produced crafts and art items that were then exported to the Order’s motherhouse in Montréal. This collection of 275 pieces, ranging from garments and footwear to paintings and drawings, was repatriated at the request of the Fort Providence Métis Council to the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (PWNHC), in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories in 2001. While locationally repatriated, the Grey Nuns collection has to date remained in storage at the PWNHC until 2015 when, in cooperation of PWNHC staff, I was able to carry out a preliminary examination of the collection. The objective of this examination was to: (1) temporally and spatially trace the movement of the pieces across Canada, situating the PWNHC collection within the residential school history in Canada; (2) to explore if the making of these pieces by the children who attended residential schools in the Mackenzie River Valley perpetuated Indigenous artistic traditions; (3) to determine whether the materiality of the collection exposes the complex interrelations between children’s crafting knowledge and the colonial structure; (4) to explore the potential and challenges of reconnecting this collection now at the PWNHC with its source communities today. This thesis reports on the analysis of a small subset of the collection’s contents. This sample, consisting of two pairs of moccasins, one pair of mittens and a single souvenir object, was analyzed for information pertinent to my main objectives, and especially what they indicate about hybridity and materiality regarding the different cultural influences, Métis, Dene and Euro-Canadian, that met in the Indian Residential school setting. The objects, made at the behest of the Grey Nuns in order to meet the demands of the Canadian tourism industry, and provide badly needed income to support their Northwest Territories schools, exhibit a combination of two, and even three, of these influences, notably in the items’ styles, decorative motifs and the materials employed in their creation. Of particular note, these sample objects portray distinct Métis and Dene artistic knowledge and traits. Their making speaks to the continuance of important Indigenous women’s traditions, knowledge that did not disappear despite the often hostile institutional environment around their creators. The collections offers another window on student-colonizer relations within some Indian Residential schools in the Lower Mackenzie region in the early twentieth century. / Graduate / 0326 / abra.wenzel@gmail.com

Este trabalho é oriundo da multidisciplinaridade própria das questões de desenvolvimento e da percepção da necessidade de novos elementos e instrumentos de gestão para o gestor público subsidiar a proposição de determinadas ações e políticas. O esforço se concentra no entendimento do fenômeno desenvolvimento e discute a utilização de indicadores na gestão pública. O problema que este projeto discute refere-se a um contexto complexo, e a construção da discussão privilegia a interdisciplinaridade, uma vez que utiliza conceitos oriundos de outras disciplinas como a geografia, a economia, a sociologia, a administração e a ciência política. Nesse sentido, há a clara necessidade de convergência das várias áreas do conhecimento, já que, no ambiente social, coexistem os diversos conceitos. A estrutura do trabalho aborda duas grandes questões - do desenvolvimento e do território - e a relação das duas com um debate de grande importância: a caracterização dos municípios brasileiros enquanto territórios. Desse modo, o objetivo central do trabalho é caracterizar os municípios brasileiros a partir da perspectiva do desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foi construído um banco de dados de abrangência nacional a partir da tabulação e consolidação de diversos dados fornecidos pela Fundação IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; INEP - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira e Ministério da Saúde. Com isso, foi possível a sintetização dos dados e a produção de informações de análise e indicadores de auxílio à caracterização dos municípios brasileiros. Esse corpo de dados permitiu contribuir com a discussão sobre desenvolvimento territorial, suas medidas e usos, bem como compreender a dinâmica das particularidades de territorialidade a partir da qual se constroem as políticas públicas. Além disso, foi possível encontrar, dentre outras observações, uma nova compreensão do fenômeno da ruralidade no Brasil e propor uma nova classificação dos municípios brasileiros em territórios urbanos e rurais. / This thesis arises from the inherent multidisciplinary to development issues and from the perception of the need for new information and management tools to enable public managers when dealing with certain actions and policies. The effort focuses on the understanding of the phenomenon development and discusses the use of indicators in public administration. The problem it proposes refers to a complex context, and its construction emphasizes interdisciplinarity, since it employs concepts and discussions from other disciplines such as Geography, Economics, Sociology, Administration and Political Science. In this sense, there is a clear need for convergence of the various areas of knowledge, once, in the social environment, various concepts coexist. The structure of the paper approaches the understanding of two issues: the development and the territory, and it seeks to understand their relationship with a central debate of great importance, which is the thesis main goal: characterizing Brazilian municipalities as territories from the perspective of development. In order to accomplish it, it was built a nationwide database through the tabulation and consolidation of data provided by IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; INEP - National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira; and the Ministry of Health. This database allowed contributing to the de discussion of territorial development, its measurement and uses, as well as understanding particular territorial dynamics, which triggers public policies. In addition, among other observations, it was possible to uncover a new view of the rural phenomenon in Brazil and to propose a new classification of Brazilian municipalities either in urban or rural territories.

Este trabalho é oriundo da multidisciplinaridade própria das questões de desenvolvimento e da percepção da necessidade de novos elementos e instrumentos de gestão para o gestor público subsidiar a proposição de determinadas ações e políticas. O esforço se concentra no entendimento do fenômeno desenvolvimento e discute a utilização de indicadores na gestão pública. O problema que este projeto discute refere-se a um contexto complexo, e a construção da discussão privilegia a interdisciplinaridade, uma vez que utiliza conceitos oriundos de outras disciplinas como a geografia, a economia, a sociologia, a administração e a ciência política. Nesse sentido, há a clara necessidade de convergência das várias áreas do conhecimento, já que, no ambiente social, coexistem os diversos conceitos. A estrutura do trabalho aborda duas grandes questões - do desenvolvimento e do território - e a relação das duas com um debate de grande importância: a caracterização dos municípios brasileiros enquanto territórios. Desse modo, o objetivo central do trabalho é caracterizar os municípios brasileiros a partir da perspectiva do desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foi construído um banco de dados de abrangência nacional a partir da tabulação e consolidação de diversos dados fornecidos pela Fundação IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; INEP - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira e Ministério da Saúde. Com isso, foi possível a sintetização dos dados e a produção de informações de análise e indicadores de auxílio à caracterização dos municípios brasileiros. Esse corpo de dados permitiu contribuir com a discussão sobre desenvolvimento territorial, suas medidas e usos, bem como compreender a dinâmica das particularidades de territorialidade a partir da qual se constroem as políticas públicas. Além disso, foi possível encontrar, dentre outras observações, uma nova compreensão do fenômeno da ruralidade no Brasil e propor uma nova classificação dos municípios brasileiros em territórios urbanos e rurais. / This thesis arises from the inherent multidisciplinary to development issues and from the perception of the need for new information and management tools to enable public managers when dealing with certain actions and policies. The effort focuses on the understanding of the phenomenon development and discusses the use of indicators in public administration. The problem it proposes refers to a complex context, and its construction emphasizes interdisciplinarity, since it employs concepts and discussions from other disciplines such as Geography, Economics, Sociology, Administration and Political Science. In this sense, there is a clear need for convergence of the various areas of knowledge, once, in the social environment, various concepts coexist. The structure of the paper approaches the understanding of two issues: the development and the territory, and it seeks to understand their relationship with a central debate of great importance, which is the thesis main goal: characterizing Brazilian municipalities as territories from the perspective of development. In order to accomplish it, it was built a nationwide database through the tabulation and consolidation of data provided by IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; INEP - National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira; and the Ministry of Health. This database allowed contributing to the de discussion of territorial development, its measurement and uses, as well as understanding particular territorial dynamics, which triggers public policies. In addition, among other observations, it was possible to uncover a new view of the rural phenomenon in Brazil and to propose a new classification of Brazilian municipalities either in urban or rural territories.

The major aim of this thesis project was to determine the variables that most explain the elevated mercury concentrations in lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>), a predatory aquatic fish species in some lakes in northwestern Canada. High mercury concentrations in lake trout in other regions have been associated with the biological features of the fish and various chemical and physical aspects of their aquatic ecosystems. Data including lake trout age, length, weight, and stable isotope values, water chemistry, latitude, and lake and watershed area were collected, compiled and then included in statistical analyses of the factors affecting mercury concentration in the muscle of lake trout from a series of lakes from the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) in the Northwest Territories (NT), Canada. These results are reported in Chapter 2. Fish age and lake surface area were the most important variables affecting mercury concentrations. However mercury concentration in muscle also was significantly (p < 0.05) related to: fish length, weight, and δ13C; watershed area to lake area ratio; and to total mercury concentration in zooplankton and water. These variables were run through best subsets analyses and multiple regressions in order to determine the regression equation most efficiently capable of predicting mercury concentration in lake trout in unstudied lakes in the MRB region. The resulting equation was: log Hg = 0.698 (0.0156 × latitude) + (0.0031 × age) + (0.000535 × length) (0.245 × log lake area) + (0.00675 × watershed area/lake area ratio), r2 = 0.73<p>Small lakes located in the southern NT and dominated by large and/or old lake trout are most likely to have lake trout whose mean mercury concentrations exceed 0.5 μg/g; the guideline for the commercial sale of fish. Latitude may be linked to mean annual temperature (and variables such as duration of ice cover, summer water temperature) while fish age and length may be related in part to fishing pressures and growth rates on these lake populations. In chapter 3, a more in-depth study was undertaken to investigate of role of feeding and relative tropic level in the bioaccumulation of mercury in lake trout. This was accomplished by comparing MRB lake trout population characteristics with those from a series of lakes in northern Alberta and Saskatchewan (NAS). The two population groups were compared with respect to size, age, growth rates, and mercury concentrations. In addition, trophic and mercury biomagnification relationships, as inferred from stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses, for the two lake trout populations were compared. Lake trout from the NT exhibited significantly higher mercury concentrations than those from the NAS lakes (p < 0.001). Mercury concentrations in biota (including lake trout, forage fish, benthic invertebrates and zooplankton) were positively and significantly correlated to δ15N values in all lakes in both of the study areas (p < 0.001). Mercury biomagnification in the NT lakes, as estimated from the slope of δ15N versus mercury concentration, was lower than in the NAS lakes. Thus, mercury biomagnifies more slowly in NT lake trout, but because of their greater mean age, reaches higher values than in NAS lakes. Northwest Territory lake trout generally exhibited more negative δ13C values, indicating more pelagic feeding habits than in NAS lakes: higher mercury concentrations previously have been associated with more pelagic feeding. <p>Finally, the relationship between mercury levels and growth rates in lake trout was investigated by comparing NAS and NT lake trout populations. These results are reported in chapter 4. Lake trout from the NT lakes grew at a slower rate (10.4 mm per year) than those from the NAS lakes (35.1 mm per year). Log mercury concentration was inversely correlated (p < 0.001) with growth rate for both lake trout populations; however, growth rate explained more of the variation in mercury level in the NT lakes than in the NAS lakes (NT, r2 = 0.11, p < 0.001; NAS, r2 = 0.03, p = 0.024). However, the correlation between mercury concentration and growth rate in the NAS study area improved when Reindeer Lake, possibly affected by anthropogenic inputs, was removed from the analyses (r = 0.13, p = 0.001). Therefore, lower mercury levels in lake trout are associated with higher growth rates through growth dilution. The higher mercury concentrations in NT lake trout are due not only to the old age of the fish, but to slower growth rates as well.