Företaget Xylem Flygt i Emmaboda producerar dränkbara pumpar av olika storlek och typer som används i hela världen. Innan pumparna levereras till kund testas de i Xylem’s egna testanläggningar. Anläggningen Q2 som berörs i rapporten består av en bassäng med tillhörande rörsystem, ventiler, anslutningsutrustning och mätutrustning. Denna rapport undersöker och lägger fram förslag på förbättringsmöjligheter rörande testanläggningens underhållsplanering. Frågor som undersöks är, om anläggningen ser kvalitetsmässigt och utseendemässigt riktigt ut inför kundbesök, tidsintervaller mellan förebyggande underhåll, miljöansvar angående vattenbyte i bassäng, möjlighet att implementera resultatet på övriga anläggningar samt rekommendationer på uppföljning. Rapporten resulterade i checklistor till underhållsavdelning och operatörer av anläggningen, dokumentation av komponenter och förbättringsförslag. / The company Xylem Flygt in Emmaboda produces submersible pumps of various sizes and types used worldwide. Before the pumps are delivered to the customer they are tested in Xylem's own testing facilities. The plant Q2 concerned in the report consists of a basin with associated piping, valves, connection equipment and measurement equipment. This reports main objective is to investigate and make proposals for improvement regarding test facility maintenance planning. Other questions examined areIf the plants looks representable in quality and appearance to the visiting customers, the time intervals between preventive maintenance, environmental responsibility regarding the change of water in the basin, the ability to implement the results in other facilities as well as recommendations on follow-up’s. The report resulted in checklists for the maintenance department and the operators of the facility, documentation of components and improvement proposals.

Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-20T14:36:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese 129 - Samira Ruana Vidal do Nascimento.pdf: 3914240 bytes, checksum: fbc696f48e2db90a5851abb2d5401ad4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T14:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese 129 - Samira Ruana Vidal do Nascimento.pdf: 3914240 bytes, checksum: fbc696f48e2db90a5851abb2d5401ad4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / Os Small Modular Reactors, SMRs, são reatores modulares compactos variantes dos reatores de geração III+ que apresentam características atrativas, como a simplicidade, maior segurança e são economicamente competitivos. Atualmente, há muitos projetos de SMRs com características estruturais distintas, como potência, tipo de combustível e frequência de abastecimento. O SMR em estudo é um reator do tipo PWR (reator de água pressurizada) que possui o sistema integrado (iPWR). Esse sistema é caracterizado pela inclusão de todo o sistema primário dentro do vaso de pressão, incluindo o gerador de vapor e o pressurizador. Em um iPWR, o pressurizador está localizado no topo do vaso do reator; esta configuração envolve mudanças técnicas como, por exemplo, alteração no mecanismo de circulação adotado para a homogeneização das concentrações de Boro. Assim, o presente trabalho representa uma contribuição para a concepção de uma instalação experimental planejada para fornecer dados relevantes para estudar os fenômenos de homogeneização de Boro no pressurizador de um reator modular compacto. Para isso, foi montada uma instalação experimental com uma seção de teste em aço inoxidável com escala de 1:200, referente a ¼ do pressurizador de um iPWR. Trabalhos anteriores determinaram os principais parâmetros para a construção de um modelo em escala reduzida para análise de dispersão de Boro no pressurizador de um reator com a configuração integral. Esses parâmetros, como medidas dos orifícios e vazão de circulação, foram a base para a execução do projeto referente a montagem experimental. Além da seção de teste, a instalação experimental dispõe de duas bombas rotativas, 5 medidores de vazão e 3 tanques em aço inoxidável, com capacidades de, aproximadamente, 70, 143 e 216 litros. A montagem foi realizada de modo que a seção de teste fosse alimentada com água ou com uma solução com concentração diferente, representando cenários de boração ou deboração. Para determinar a concentração na entrada e na saída da seção de teste, foram realizadas coletas de amostras, a cada 10 minutos, durante os experimentos que representavam alguns cenários (boração/deboração). Utilizando um condutivímetro de bancada, a condutividade elétrica dessas amostras foi determinada e convertida em concentração do elemento traço utilizado. Após a montagem, com as devidas instalações, testes de operação e execução dos experimentos, foi possível comprovar a viabilidade de empregar a montagem experimental, de maneira confiável, para obter valores que possam analisar o fenômeno de homogeneização de Boro em um pressurizador de um reator modular compacto. / The Small Modular Reactors, SMRs, are compact variants modular reactors of generation III + reactors that feature attractive features such as simplicity, enhanced security and are economically competitive. Currently, there are many SMRs projects with distinct structural characteristics such as power, fuel type and supply frequency. The SMR in the study, is a PWR (pressurized water reactor) reactor type that integrated (iPWR). This system is characterized by the inclusion of the entire primary system inside the pressure vessel, including a steam generator and the pressurizer. In one iPWR, the pressurizer is located at the top of the reactor vessel; this configuration change involves techniques such as, for example, change in the movement mechanism adopted for the mixing of boron concentrations. The present work is a contribution to the design of an experimental installation designed to provide relevant data to study the boron homogenization phenomena pressurizer in a compact modular reactor. For this, we assembled an experimental installation with a test section in stainless steel with scale of 1:200, referring to ¼ of the pressurizer of a iPWR. Previous work has determined the key parameters for the construction of a small-scale model for analysis boron dispersion in a reactor pressurizer with the full configuration. These parameters, such as measures of circulation orifices and flow were the basis for the implementation of the design related to the experimental setup. In the test section, the experimental apparatus has two rotary pumps, 5 flow meters and 3 stainless steel tanks with capacities of approximately 70, 143 and 216 liters. The fitting was performed so that the test section was fed with water or a solution with different concentration, or boration scenarios representing deboration. To determine the concentration at the inlet and outlet of the test section, samples have been collected every 10 minutes during the experiments representing some scenarios (boration/deboration). Using a benchtop conductivity, the electrical conductivity of these samples was determined and converted to the concentration of the trace element used. After assembly, with the operation testing and execution of experiments, it was possible to prove the viability of using the experimental setup, reliably, for values that can analyze the boron homogenization phenomenon in a pressurizer of a compact modular reactor.

A novel torsion pendulum thrust test stand for micro-Newton-scale spacecraft thrusters is described. The stand is designed to be robust against electromagnetic interference effects internal or external to the thruster being tested. The design and testing of a gas-dynamic calibration thruster is included. This thruster is fully self-contained on the pendulum arm, with no external wires or feedlines connected to the device and impacting the dynamic response of the underlying pendulum. Initial calibration results are shown. Zero drift and hysteresis are present in the results, evidenced by a constant steady-state displacement drift and a return to a different displacement after shutdown of the calibration thruster. Results are compared to theoretical solutions of the equation of motion. An external forcing function of facility effects is described for discrepancies between results and the theoretical solution. Further work to eliminate these effects and add damping are proposed. / MS / Many recently proposed space missions require very fine vehicle attitude and position control in support of their science objectives. Thrusters with the ability to provide this control are currently in development, from laboratory proofs of concept to initial test flights on pathfinding missions. The low levels of thrust produced by these devices, in the range of less than the weight of a mosquito, require specialized test stands with very fine resolution. This thesis describes a novel torsion pendulum design for measuring these thrusters as well as initial validation results from its calibration system using rarefied gas flow. This calibration device is fully-contained on the device’s arm, removing many common sources of compensation factors which are often needed for other test stand designs. A custom-built displacement measuring system for determining angular motion of the pendulum arm is described which allows for measuring angular displacements of the arm to the level of arcseconds and potentially fractions thereof. Initial results suggest measurement of the expected levels of thrust, while some work remains to remove lingering sources of error and achieve more precise thrust data.

In order to facilitate research and testing of kV/MVA class power electronics systems, Virginia Tech has constructed the High-Power lab facility. This lab supports testing of equipment operating at up to 1.3 MW, with maximum supply ratings of 4,160 V or 480 A, depending on how the system is configured. When operated as a recirculating power ring, the system will make minimal demands on utilities. An industrial supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system will be used to control the facility. In this paper we will detail the lab design and give insight to the decisions behind it, with an aim toward helping the reader in their own similar effort. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

No description available.

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Soil-bentonite cutoff walls are commonly used to contain contaminants in the subsurface. A key property in determining the effectiveness of a cutoff wall is its hydraulic conductivity. There are important difficulties and uncertainties regarding the accuracy of commonly used methods of measuring the hydraulic conductivity of cutoff walls. When predicting contaminant transport through cutoff walls, common practice is to use the average hydraulic conductivity of the wall. There are some cases, however, such as circumferential cutoff walls with inward hydraulic gradients, where it is also important to consider the variability in hydraulic conductivity from point to point in the wall in contaminant transport studies. A pilot-scale facility was envisioned where subsurface barrier issues such as those mentioned above could be studied. In 1998, the Subsurface Barrier Test Facility (SBTF) was constructed. In this facility, pilot-scale subsurface barriers can be installed using real construction equipment and tested in a controlled environment. The effectiveness of various methods of measuring the hydraulic conductivity of cutoff walls was studied by building and testing three pilot-scale soil-bentonite cutoff walls at the SBTF. The following currently used test methods were evaluated: API tests on grab samples, lab tests on undisturbed samples, piezometer tests (slug tests), and piezocone soundings. The use of slug tests in cutoff walls was improved in this research in the areas of avoiding hydraulic fracture and accounting for the close proximity of the trench walls. The SBTF allows for measurement of the global, average hydraulic conductivity of an installed pilot-scale cutoff wall, which is a useful value to compare to the results of the above-mentioned tests. The two main factors differentiating the results of the different test methods used for the pilot-scale walls were remolding and sample size. Remolding of the API samples significantly reduced the hydraulic conductivity of these samples compared to the hydraulic conductivity measured in lab tests on undisturbed samples, which were of similar size. For the other tests, the degree and extent of remolding were less significant compared to in the API tests. For these tests, the scale of the measurement is believed to be the main factor differentiating the results. Hydraulic conductivity was found to increase as the sample volume increased, with the global measurement of the average hydraulic conductivity producing the highest value. The influence of variability in hydraulic conductivity on contaminant transport through cutoff walls was studied from a theoretical standpoint using the one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. Charts were developed that can be used to estimate the flux through a cutoff wall based on knowledge of the average hydraulic conductivity of the wall and an estimate of the variability in hydraulic conductivity. Data sets of hydraulic conductivity from lab tests on soil-bentonite samples from four cutoff wall case histories were used to estimate typical values of variability. The contaminant transport analyses showed that the effect of variability may be significant when the hydraulic gradient opposes the concentration gradient, which is the case for a circumferential cutoff wall with an inward hydraulic gradient. The goal of a circumferential cutoff wall with an inward hydraulic gradient is to reduce the outward diffusive flux of contaminant by inducing an inward advective flux. The effect of variability in hydraulic conductivity is to reduce the effectiveness of this scheme. / Ph. D.

Aux futurs collisionneurs linéaires et circulaires, la présence d’un halo autour du faisceau est susceptible de fortement limiter les performances, et peut également activer, voire endommager, les composants de l’accélérateur. Le halo doit par conséquent est contrôlé par un système de collimateurs efficace. Pour évaluer l’impact sur les expériences de physique des particules ainsi que les efficacités de collimation, une bonne compréhension des mécanismes physiques générateurs de halo est essentielle, pour par exemple prédire les distributions de probabilité de manière fiable. Pour ce faire, une investigation systématique ont été menée à l’Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) du KEK dans le cadre de cette thèse, d’abord à travers une analyse théorique des principales sources de halo dans ATF, puis moyennant le développement et l’implémentation de diagnostiques dédiés aux mesures du halo, dont les résultat sont ensuite présentés et comparés aux prédictions théoriques. Le halo produit par la diffusion des particules du faisceau sur les noyaux des molécules du gaz résiduel dans la chambre à vide (« Beam Gas Scattering » - BGS) est d’abord estimé analytiquement, avec certaines approximations, puis moyennant une simulation Monte-Carlo. Un nombre considérable de particules de halo BGS est prédit, ainsi qu’une dépendance dans la pression de gaz résiduel. Pour étudier la possible formation d’un halo par le mécanisme de diffusion intra-paquet à grand angle dit de « Touschek » en présence d’une dispersion optique résiduelle, le taux de cette diffusion a été estimé en fonction de plusieurs paramètres faisceau pertinents. Une simulation Monte-Carlo de la diffusion intra-faisceau à petit angle (IBS) et de « Touschek » est aussi en cours de développement. Pour tester les prédictions théoriques, les performances d’un détecteur de halo déjà existant basé sur un capteur diamant ont été améliorées moyennant une technique de repondération qui a permis d’en augmenter la gamme dynamique jusqu’à 10⁵. Afin de disposer d’un instrument complémentaire pour mesurer le halo, un moniteur YAG/OTR a aussi été conçu, construit et installé dans la ligne d’extraction d’ATF. Il a pu être montré que la gamme dynamique et la résolution de ce moniteur YAGOTR sont, respectivement, autour de 10⁵ et inférieure à 10 μm. Grâce aux diagnostiques développés pour mesurer le halo du faisceau d’ATF, les distributions transverses et en énergie ont pu être étudiées. L’accord satisfaisant obtenu entre les prédictions théoriques et les mesures, ainsi qu’une dépendance importante dans la pression de gaz résiduel, ont permis de montrer que la distribution verticale du halo est dominée par le mécanisme BGS. Par contre, la distribution horizontale est bien supérieure aux prédictions BGS, et est par ailleurs asymétrique. L’asymétrie observée peut être en partie reliée à la qualité du champ de l’élément pulsé servant à l’extraction du faisceau d’ATF, ainsi qu’à certaines aberrations dans le transport optique. La distribution de probabilité du halo en fonction de l’énergie a par ailleurs pu être mesurée, grâce à une technique nouvelle d’ajustement de la dispersion optique dans le plan vertical, et a été trouvée compatible qualitativement avec le mécanisme de diffusion « Touschek ». Un scénario plausible de génération du halo dans le plan horizontal a ainsi pu être suggéré. / At future linear and circular colliders, beam halo can strongly limit machine performances, cause as well component damage and activation, and should, therefore, be controlled by an efficient collimation system. To evaluate the impact on particle physics experiments and collimation efficiencies, a clear understanding of beam halo formation mechanisms is essential, e.g., to predict halo distribution reliably. For this purpose, systematic investigations have been carried out at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of KEK. In this dissertation, the theoretical analysis of the primary halo sources at ATF and the development of dedicated halo diagnostics are presented. Measurements of beam halo at ATF are also described and compared with the theoretical predictions. Beam halo arising from Beam-Gas Scattering (BGS) in the damping ring was firstly estimated through analytical approximations and a Monte Carlo simulation. A considerable amount of halo particles generated by BGS and the corresponding vacuum dependence have been predicted. To explore the probability of beam halo formation from Touschek scattering in the presence of dispersion, the Touschek scattering rate was estimated with respect to relevant beam parameters. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation of Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) and Touschek scattering is under development. To probe the theoretical predictions, the performance of an already existing diamond sensor detector was optimized via a data rescaling technique to increase the dynamic range to 1×10⁵. For a complementary diagnostics of beam halo, a YAG/OTR monitor was also designed and installed in the extraction section of ATF2. The dynamic range and resolution of the YAG/OTR monitor have been shown to be around 1×10⁵ and less than 10 μm, respectively. Thanks to the halo monitors developed at ATF2, the transverse halo and momentum tail have been studied. Satisfactory agreement between numerical predictions and measurements as well as a significant vacuum dependence indicate that the BGS process dominates the vertical halo. On the other hand, the horizontal halo appeared to be higher than the prediction from BGS, and moreover asymmetric. The observed asymmetry was shown to be related to the quality of the extraction kicker field and optical aberration. Finally, the momentum tail was for the first time observed by implementing a novel scheme of vertical dispersion adjustment and was found to be qualitatively consistent with the presence of Touschek scattering. A possible scenario for horizontal beam halo formation from Touschek scattering was also suggested.