The present thesis consists of three parts. The first one deals with the implementation of definition of will both in the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania and in the civil codes of foreign countries. When all the essential features of will individualizing it as a legal instrument are put into one, the definition of will is formed. The second part focuses on types of wills. While comparing different types of wills enacted in the legal acts of Lithuania and foreign states many will making peculiarities can be distinct and some attention given to the evolving legal regulation and practical application problems. The doubtful meaning of joint will of spouses, obstacles of discovering the existence of holographic will are of particular interest. The third part of the thesis concerns the recently established Will register, its activity prospects and the abilities of ensuring the rights of heirs after Lithuania’s accession to the Convention on the Establishment of the Scheme of Registration of Wills.

Šis magistro darbas skirtas fizinio asmens teisės palikti turtą testamentu įgyvendinimo analizei. Darbas suskirstytas į penkias pagrindines struktūrines dalis. Pirmojoje išsamiai nagrinėjamos testamento sudarymo sąlygos, kiekvieną iš šių sąlygų aptariant atskirai. Kitoje dalyje analizuojamos fizinio asmens teisės palikti turtą testamentu ribos, siekiant išsiaiškinti kiek laisvės turi asmuo spręsdamas savo turto likimą po mirties. Šioje darbo dalyje didžiausias dėmesys skirtas privalomosios palikimo dalies instituto analizei. Trečiojoje dalyje nagrinėjami tam tikri asmens tesės palikti turtą testamentu ypatumai. Didelis dėmesys šioje dalyje skiriamas specifinės testamentų rūšies – bendrųjų sutuoktinių testamentų aptarimui. Ketvirtoji darbo dalis skirta testamentų rūšių analizei Paskutiniojoje darbo dalyje išsamiai nargrinėjama kaip testatoriaus valia, išreikrta testamente, yra įgyvendinama. Atlikus išsamią magistro darbo temos analizę nustatyta, kad didžiausią įtaką testamento galiojimui turi testatoriaus veiksnumas testamento sudarymo metu, bei tinkama testatoriaus valios išraiška testamente. Išsiaiškinta, kad labiausiai palikėjo teisę laisvai spręsti turto likimą mirties atveju riboja privalomosios palikimo dalies institutas. Analizuojant atskirų testamentų rūšių privalumus nustatyta, kad nors oficialiojo testameno sudarymas susijęs su tam tikromis išlaidomis, formalumais ir procedūromis, šios rūšies testamentą nuginčyti sunkiau nei asmeninį, todėl didesnė tikimybė, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The exercise of a natural person’s right to leave property by a will is analyzed in this Master’s paper. The paper is divided in to five major sections. A thorough analysis of conditions of making a will is provided in the first part of this paper. Each condition is analyzed separately. The other part of the paper is for analyzing the limits of a persons right to leave property by a will, trying to clarify how much freedom in deciding the ownership of his property after death, one has. The biggest attention in this section is paid for the analysis of mandatory share of inheritance. Specific features of the natural person’s right to leave property by a will are analyzed in the third section. The types of testaments are analyzed in the fourth section. The biggest attention in this section is paid to the joint will of spouses. A thorough analysis of the way the last will of the testator is enacted is provided in the last section of the paper. After a thorough analysis of the Master’s paper topic the following conclusions were made. The biggest influence to the validity of a will is made by the legal capability of a person during the making of the will and the expression of the testators will. The research showed that the right to mandatory share of inheritance is the major restriction to leave property to specific persons. To conclude the analysis of the types of testaments it may be said that despite of the fact that making of an official will means additional expenditure... [to full text]

Magistro darbe nagrinėjamos testamento sudarymo sąlygos. Pateikiama testamento sąvoka, testamento istorinė raida, pagrindiniai paveldėjimo pagal testamentą bruožai. Aptariamas testamentas kaip vienašalis sandoris, kuriame išreikšta testatoriaus valia. Konstatuojama, kad testamentas turi atitikti sandoriams keliamus reikalavimus dėl: testatoriaus veiksnumo, jo valios tikrumo, turinio teisėtumo, testamento formos. Autorius daugiausia dėmesio skiria testatoriaus veiksnumui ir valiai kaip būtinoms testamento galiojimo sąlygoms aptarti, nagrinėjami testamento formų ir sudarymo tvarkos ypatumai, reikalavimai testamento turiniui. Darbe palyginami testamento sudarymo teisinio reglamentavimo skirtumai ir panašumai su 1964 metų Civiliniu kodeksu. Pateikiama teismų praktika testamento sudarymo, papildymo, pakeitimo, patvirtinimo, nuginčijimo ir kitais su paveldėjimu pagal testamentą susijusiais klausimais. Dėl darbo apimties reikalavimų tik trumpai ir fragmentiškai apžvelgtas užsienio šalių testamento sudarymo teisinis reglamentavimas. / The present MA thesis deals with the conditions of testament conclusion. It presents the concept of a testament, shows its historical development, and expounds on the main features of inheritance by a testament. The paper approaches a testament as a unilateral transaction which expresses the will of a testator. It also states definite requirements for a testament as a transaction, concerning testator’s legal capability, the certainty of his/her will, the legitimacy of the contents, and the format of a testament. The author devotes his major attention to the discussion of testator’s legal capability and his/her will, as the essential conditions for testament validity; he also deals with testament forms and the peculiarities of testament drawing, also touching upon the requirements for testament contents. The submitted MA thesis parallels differences and similarities of current legal regulations for testament drawing with the regulations drafted by the Civil Code of 1964. It introduces judiciary cases and practices on concluding, supplementing, modifying, validating, or withdrawing testaments. Due to the limitations added by the scope of an MA thesis, the paper only briefly dwells upon foreign practices of legal regulations for testament setting.