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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Adutos de 2\'-desoxiadenosina e 2\'-desoxicitidina induzidos por tetraidrofurano: caracterização estrutural e detecção em DNA / Adducts of 2-desoxiadenosine and 2-desoxicitydine induced of tetrahydrofuran: structural characterization and detection in DNA

Hermida, Silvia Araújo da Silva 04 December 2007 (has links)
É grande a preocupação na identificação de compostos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de processos deletérios, como o câncer. O tetraidrofurano (THF) é um solvente amplamente utilizado em indústria e pesquisa e estudos recentes indicaram uma atividade carcinogênica em animais experimentais, incentivando a investigação da sua possível interação com biomoléculas. Adutos de DNA servem como marcadores para a identificação da atividade genotóxica de substâncias e para o monitoramento da exposição humana aos agentes genotóxicos. Estudos realizados in vitro, em células em cultura, bem como em animais experimentais, permitem que mecanismos sejam desvendados e metodologias sejam desenvolvidas para uma posterior avaliação da exposição humana. O contínuo desenvolvimento de técnicas de análise de adutos em DNA para monitoramento biológico constitui importante preocupação para pesquisadores envolvidos com a saúde ocupacional e a medicina preventiva. No presente trabalho foi investigada a reação de produtos de oxidação do THF com os nucleosídeos 2\'-desoxiadenosina (dAdo) e 2\'-desoxicitidina (dCyd). As estruturas dos adutos formados foram elucidadas por análises de espectros de massas (ESI/MS-MS) e ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) após purificação de quantidade suficiente dos produtos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Com isso, foi aberta a possibilidade de validação de novos marcadores de exposição a THF. Tais lesões foram detectadas em DNA incubado com THF oxidado in vitro, após o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia sensível e seletiva baseada em HPLC/ESI/MS-MS. Além disso, camundongos foram expostos a vapor de THF e foi feita análise de dano oxidativo (8-oxo-2-desoxiguanosina) no DNA de fígado e rim. Um aumento de aproximadamente oito vezes no nível de 8-oxo-2-desoxiguanosina foi observado no DNA dos órgãos dos camundongos expostos ao THF. Nossos estudos in vitro apontam para a possibilidade de ação genotóxica do THF oxidado (formação de adutos com o DNA). A ocorrência dessa via in vivo será investigada em estudos posteriores. Adicionalmente, há aumento de dano oxidativo em órgãos alvos de carcinogênese induzida por esse solvente. / There is a huge concern to identify compounds involved in the development of harmful processes, like cancer. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a solvent widely used in industries and recent researches and studies indicated a carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, instigating the investigation of its possible interaction with biomolecules. DNA adducts are used as markers for the identification of genotoxic activity of substances and monitoring the human exposition to genotoxic agents. Studies carried out in vitro, in culture cells and in experimental animals allow to disclose mechanisms and develop methodologies for a posterior evaluation of the human exposition. The continuous development of techniques for the analysis of DNA adducts for biological monitoring constitutes a remarkable concern for the researchers involved with occupational health and preventive medicine. In the present paper, the reaction of THF oxidation products with the nucleosides 2\'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and 2\'-deoxycitidine (dCyd) were investigated. The structures of the formed adducts were elucidated by mass spectra analysis (ESI/MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN) after purification of sufficient quantities of the products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus, the validation of new markers of exposition to THF was made possible. Such damages were detected in DNA incubated with oxidized THF in vitro, after the development of a sensible and selective methodology based on HPLC/ESI/MS-MS. Moreover, mice were exposed to THF vapors and an oxidative damage analysis (8-oxo-2\'-deoxyguanosine) was carried out on DNA from liver and kidney. An approximate 8-fold increase in the level of 8-oxo-2\'-deoxyguanosine was observed on DNA from the mices organs exposed to THF. Our in vitro studies indicate the possibility of oxidized THF genotoxic action (formation of adducts with DNA). The occurrence of this path in vivo will be investigated in future studies. In addition, the oxidative damage in target organs of carcinogenesis induced by this solvent was increased.
22

Quantificação de lesões em DNA e RNA em cultura de células expostas a tetraidrofurano / Quantitation of DNA and RNA lesions in cell culture exposed to tetrahydrofuran

França, Carla Fernanda Baquedano 13 August 2012 (has links)
Tetraidrofurano (THF) é um solvente muito utilizado industrialmente, com demonstrada ação carcinogênica em animais experimentais, mas pouco se sabe sobre sua toxicidade celular, danos a biomoléculas e genotoxicidade. Em trabalho anterior realizado no laboratório, foi verificado que adutos de DNA são formados a partir da reação de THF oxidado com 2\'-desoxiguanosina (dGuo), 2\'-desoxiadenosina (dAdo) e 2\'-desoxicitidina (dCyd) in vitro. A ocorrência dessas lesões em sistemas biológicos expostos a THF nunca foi demonstrada e pode indicar uma via de ação genotóxica desse solvente, até o momento não considerada nos estudos de carcinogênese e toxicidade. Neste trabalho foi investigada a indução de lesões em DNA e RNA de sistemas biológicos expostos ao THF, assim como alterações epigenéticas. Como sistemas biológicos foram utilizados homogenato de fígado de camundongos, cultura de células HepG2 e fígado e rim de camundongos que foram, em trabalho anterior, expostos a vapores do solvente. Métodos de HPLC-ESI-MS/MS foram validados para quantificação de todas as lesões em DNA. Foi verificado que THF é um solvente de baixa citoxicidade para células HepG2, sendo necessárias concentrações acima de 50 mM por período de incubação superior a 24 h para ser observada perda de viabilidade. Houve indução de dano oxidativo em DNA de células HepG2 e de fígado de camundongos expostos. Uma vez que o solvente esteja oxidado, a espécie reativa THF-OH presente no meio de cultura é capaz de reagir com RNA e DNA das células e DNA de homogenato de fígado de camundongos, gerando adutos com dAdo, dGuo e Ado. A espécie reativa possui maior afinidade por dGuo que por dAdo no DNA. Entretanto, as células HepG2 não biotransformaram THF para o intermediário reativo. Além disso, THF induziu hipermetilação no DNA das células HepG2 expostas a 50 e 100 mM do solvente e em DNA de fígado de camundongos fêmeas C57BL/6J expostos a vapores de THF (vapor de 1 mL/h, 6h/dia, 5 dias). Este estudo mostra pela primeira vez a reatividade do solvente THF oxidado (contendo THF-OH) com DNA e RNA em sistemas biológicos, assim como alteração epigenética induzida pelo solvente, e servirá para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na indução de câncer por THF. / Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a widely used industrial solvent with demonstrated carcinogenic action in experimental animals, but little is known about its cellular toxicity and genotoxic damage to biomolecules. Previous work of this group showed that DNA adducts are formed from the reaction of oxidized THF with 2\'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo), 2\'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), and 2\'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) in vitro. The occurrence of these lesions in biological systems exposed to THF has never been demonstrated and may indicate a genotoxic pathway of this solvent, so far not considered in carcinogenesis and toxicity studies. It was investigated here the induction of DNA and RNA lesions in biological systems exposed to THF, as well as epigenetic changes. The biological systems used were mice liver homogenate, HepG2 cell culture, and liver and kidney of mice that were exposed to solvent vapors in a previous work. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods were validated for quantitation of all lesions in DNA. It was found that THF is of low cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells, requiring concentrations above 50 mM for incubation period over 24 h to induce loss of viability. DNA oxidative damage was induced in HepG2 cells and liver of exposed mice. Once the solvent is oxidized, the reactive species THF-OH present in the culture medium is able to react with DNA and RNA of HepG2 cells and DNA from mice liver homogenate, generating adducts with dAdo, dGuo and Ado. The reactive species has higher affinity for dGuo than for dAdo in DNA. However, HepG2 cells were not able to activate THF to the reactive intermediate. In addition, THF induced DNA hypermethylation in HepG2 cells exposed to 50 and 100 mM of the solvent and in liver of C57BL/6J female mice exposed to THF vapors (1 mL vapor / h 6h/dia, 5 days). This study shows for the first time the reactivity of oxidized THF (containing THF-OH) with DNA and RNA in biological systems, as well as epigenetic change induced by the solvent, and may contribute for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the induction of cancer by THF.
23

Quantificação de lesões em DNA e RNA em cultura de células expostas a tetraidrofurano / Quantitation of DNA and RNA lesions in cell culture exposed to tetrahydrofuran

Carla Fernanda Baquedano França 13 August 2012 (has links)
Tetraidrofurano (THF) é um solvente muito utilizado industrialmente, com demonstrada ação carcinogênica em animais experimentais, mas pouco se sabe sobre sua toxicidade celular, danos a biomoléculas e genotoxicidade. Em trabalho anterior realizado no laboratório, foi verificado que adutos de DNA são formados a partir da reação de THF oxidado com 2\'-desoxiguanosina (dGuo), 2\'-desoxiadenosina (dAdo) e 2\'-desoxicitidina (dCyd) in vitro. A ocorrência dessas lesões em sistemas biológicos expostos a THF nunca foi demonstrada e pode indicar uma via de ação genotóxica desse solvente, até o momento não considerada nos estudos de carcinogênese e toxicidade. Neste trabalho foi investigada a indução de lesões em DNA e RNA de sistemas biológicos expostos ao THF, assim como alterações epigenéticas. Como sistemas biológicos foram utilizados homogenato de fígado de camundongos, cultura de células HepG2 e fígado e rim de camundongos que foram, em trabalho anterior, expostos a vapores do solvente. Métodos de HPLC-ESI-MS/MS foram validados para quantificação de todas as lesões em DNA. Foi verificado que THF é um solvente de baixa citoxicidade para células HepG2, sendo necessárias concentrações acima de 50 mM por período de incubação superior a 24 h para ser observada perda de viabilidade. Houve indução de dano oxidativo em DNA de células HepG2 e de fígado de camundongos expostos. Uma vez que o solvente esteja oxidado, a espécie reativa THF-OH presente no meio de cultura é capaz de reagir com RNA e DNA das células e DNA de homogenato de fígado de camundongos, gerando adutos com dAdo, dGuo e Ado. A espécie reativa possui maior afinidade por dGuo que por dAdo no DNA. Entretanto, as células HepG2 não biotransformaram THF para o intermediário reativo. Além disso, THF induziu hipermetilação no DNA das células HepG2 expostas a 50 e 100 mM do solvente e em DNA de fígado de camundongos fêmeas C57BL/6J expostos a vapores de THF (vapor de 1 mL/h, 6h/dia, 5 dias). Este estudo mostra pela primeira vez a reatividade do solvente THF oxidado (contendo THF-OH) com DNA e RNA em sistemas biológicos, assim como alteração epigenética induzida pelo solvente, e servirá para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos na indução de câncer por THF. / Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a widely used industrial solvent with demonstrated carcinogenic action in experimental animals, but little is known about its cellular toxicity and genotoxic damage to biomolecules. Previous work of this group showed that DNA adducts are formed from the reaction of oxidized THF with 2\'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo), 2\'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo), and 2\'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) in vitro. The occurrence of these lesions in biological systems exposed to THF has never been demonstrated and may indicate a genotoxic pathway of this solvent, so far not considered in carcinogenesis and toxicity studies. It was investigated here the induction of DNA and RNA lesions in biological systems exposed to THF, as well as epigenetic changes. The biological systems used were mice liver homogenate, HepG2 cell culture, and liver and kidney of mice that were exposed to solvent vapors in a previous work. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods were validated for quantitation of all lesions in DNA. It was found that THF is of low cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells, requiring concentrations above 50 mM for incubation period over 24 h to induce loss of viability. DNA oxidative damage was induced in HepG2 cells and liver of exposed mice. Once the solvent is oxidized, the reactive species THF-OH present in the culture medium is able to react with DNA and RNA of HepG2 cells and DNA from mice liver homogenate, generating adducts with dAdo, dGuo and Ado. The reactive species has higher affinity for dGuo than for dAdo in DNA. However, HepG2 cells were not able to activate THF to the reactive intermediate. In addition, THF induced DNA hypermethylation in HepG2 cells exposed to 50 and 100 mM of the solvent and in liver of C57BL/6J female mice exposed to THF vapors (1 mL vapor / h 6h/dia, 5 days). This study shows for the first time the reactivity of oxidized THF (containing THF-OH) with DNA and RNA in biological systems, as well as epigenetic change induced by the solvent, and may contribute for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the induction of cancer by THF.
24

Adutos de 2\'-desoxiadenosina e 2\'-desoxicitidina induzidos por tetraidrofurano: caracterização estrutural e detecção em DNA / Adducts of 2-desoxiadenosine and 2-desoxicitydine induced of tetrahydrofuran: structural characterization and detection in DNA

Silvia Araújo da Silva Hermida 04 December 2007 (has links)
É grande a preocupação na identificação de compostos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de processos deletérios, como o câncer. O tetraidrofurano (THF) é um solvente amplamente utilizado em indústria e pesquisa e estudos recentes indicaram uma atividade carcinogênica em animais experimentais, incentivando a investigação da sua possível interação com biomoléculas. Adutos de DNA servem como marcadores para a identificação da atividade genotóxica de substâncias e para o monitoramento da exposição humana aos agentes genotóxicos. Estudos realizados in vitro, em células em cultura, bem como em animais experimentais, permitem que mecanismos sejam desvendados e metodologias sejam desenvolvidas para uma posterior avaliação da exposição humana. O contínuo desenvolvimento de técnicas de análise de adutos em DNA para monitoramento biológico constitui importante preocupação para pesquisadores envolvidos com a saúde ocupacional e a medicina preventiva. No presente trabalho foi investigada a reação de produtos de oxidação do THF com os nucleosídeos 2\'-desoxiadenosina (dAdo) e 2\'-desoxicitidina (dCyd). As estruturas dos adutos formados foram elucidadas por análises de espectros de massas (ESI/MS-MS) e ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) após purificação de quantidade suficiente dos produtos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Com isso, foi aberta a possibilidade de validação de novos marcadores de exposição a THF. Tais lesões foram detectadas em DNA incubado com THF oxidado in vitro, após o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia sensível e seletiva baseada em HPLC/ESI/MS-MS. Além disso, camundongos foram expostos a vapor de THF e foi feita análise de dano oxidativo (8-oxo-2-desoxiguanosina) no DNA de fígado e rim. Um aumento de aproximadamente oito vezes no nível de 8-oxo-2-desoxiguanosina foi observado no DNA dos órgãos dos camundongos expostos ao THF. Nossos estudos in vitro apontam para a possibilidade de ação genotóxica do THF oxidado (formação de adutos com o DNA). A ocorrência dessa via in vivo será investigada em estudos posteriores. Adicionalmente, há aumento de dano oxidativo em órgãos alvos de carcinogênese induzida por esse solvente. / There is a huge concern to identify compounds involved in the development of harmful processes, like cancer. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a solvent widely used in industries and recent researches and studies indicated a carcinogenic activity in experimental animals, instigating the investigation of its possible interaction with biomolecules. DNA adducts are used as markers for the identification of genotoxic activity of substances and monitoring the human exposition to genotoxic agents. Studies carried out in vitro, in culture cells and in experimental animals allow to disclose mechanisms and develop methodologies for a posterior evaluation of the human exposition. The continuous development of techniques for the analysis of DNA adducts for biological monitoring constitutes a remarkable concern for the researchers involved with occupational health and preventive medicine. In the present paper, the reaction of THF oxidation products with the nucleosides 2\'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and 2\'-deoxycitidine (dCyd) were investigated. The structures of the formed adducts were elucidated by mass spectra analysis (ESI/MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN) after purification of sufficient quantities of the products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus, the validation of new markers of exposition to THF was made possible. Such damages were detected in DNA incubated with oxidized THF in vitro, after the development of a sensible and selective methodology based on HPLC/ESI/MS-MS. Moreover, mice were exposed to THF vapors and an oxidative damage analysis (8-oxo-2\'-deoxyguanosine) was carried out on DNA from liver and kidney. An approximate 8-fold increase in the level of 8-oxo-2\'-deoxyguanosine was observed on DNA from the mices organs exposed to THF. Our in vitro studies indicate the possibility of oxidized THF genotoxic action (formation of adducts with DNA). The occurrence of this path in vivo will be investigated in future studies. In addition, the oxidative damage in target organs of carcinogenesis induced by this solvent was increased.
25

NEUTRON SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS OF THE HYDROGEN DYNAMICS IN CLATHRATES HYDRATES.

Ulivi, Lorenzo, Celli, Milva, Giannasi, Alessandra, Zoppi, Marco, Ramirez-Cuesta, A.J. 07 1900 (has links)
The hydrogen molecule dynamics in tetrahydrofuran-H2-H2O clathrate hydrate has been studied by high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering and Raman light scattering. Several intense bands in the neutron spectrum are observed that are due to H2 molecule excitations. These are rotational transitions, center-of-mass translational transitions (rattling) of either para- or ortho-H2, and combinations of rotations and center-of-mass transitions. The rattling of the H2 molecule is a paradigmatic example of the motion of a quantum particle in a non-harmonic three-dimensional potential well. Both the H2 rotational transition and the fundamental of the rattling transition split into triplets. Raman spectra show a similar splitting of the S0(0) rotational transition, due to a significant anisotropy of the potential with respect to the orientation of the molecule in the cage. The comparison of our experimental values for the transition frequencies to a recent quantum mechanical calculation gives qualitative agreement, but shows some significant difference.
26

NUCLEATION OF CLATHRATES FROM SUPERCOOLED THF/WATER MIXTURES SHOWS THAT NO MEMORY EFFECT EXISTS

Wilson, P.W., Haymet, A.D.J., Kozielski, K.A., Hartley, P.G., Becker, N.C. 07 1900 (has links)
The liquid-to-crystal nucleation temperature is measured for clathrate-forming mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and water using both an automatic lag time apparatus (ALTA) and a ball screening apparatus. Our results are conclusive evidence that no so-called “memory effect” exists. Either the solid form melts fully or it does not. If it does not, then no supercooling is possible on the next cooling down of that sample, and if it does then the second cooling run and freezing on a sample is just as likely to have a colder nucleation temperature as a hotter one.
27

Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate Inhibitors: Ice-Associating Bacteria and Proteins

Huva, Emily 31 March 2009 (has links)
Ice-associating proteins (IAPs) are proteins that interact directly with ice crystals, either by offering a site for nucleation, i.e. ice nucleating proteins (INPs), or by binding to nascent crystals to prevent addition of more water molecules, i.e. antifreeze proteins (AFPs). AFPs have been found to inhibit the formation of clathrate-hydrates, ice-like crystalline solids composed of water-encaged guest molecules. Study of AFP-hydrate interaction is leading to a greater understanding of AFP adsorption and of the mechanism behind the “memory effect” in hydrates, wherein previously frozen crystals reform more quickly after a brief melt. AFP is currently the only known memory inhibitor. Such a low-dosage hydrate inhibitor (LDHI) is of great interest to the oil and gas industry, as hydrate formation and reformation in the field is a huge problem. Bacterial AFPs, though largely uncharacterized, may be the best candidates for large-scale production of hydrate inhibitors, given the difficulties in obtaining AFP from other sources. The popular kinetic inhibitors (KIs) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap) were used for points of comparison in experiments exploring the hydrate-inhibition activity of several ice-associating bacteria and proteins. The addition of the soil microbe, Chryseobacterium, increased the average lag-time to tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate formation by 14-fold, comparable to PVP or PVCap. Samples containing Pseudomonas putida, a bacterium having both ice-nucleation protein (INP) and AFP activity, had lag-times double that of the control. Solutions with P. putida and Chryseobacterium sometimes formed hydrate slurries of stunted crystal nuclei instead of solid crystals. No inhibition of memory or nucleation was noted in bacterial assays, however bacteria with INP activity was linked to unusually rapid memory reformation. Quartz crystal microbalance experiments with dissipation (QCM-D) showed that a tight adsorption to SiO2 and resistance to rinsing are correlated with a molecule’s inhibition of hydrate formation and reformation. These results support a heterogeneous nucleation model of the memory effect, and point to the affinity of AFP for heterogeneous nucleating particles as an important component of memory inhibition. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2008-05-30 15:20:38.749
28

Étude d'un procédé continu de microencapsulation basé sur un micromélangeur / Study of a microencapsulation continuous process based on a micromixer

Rabeau, Sophie 09 December 2009 (has links)
Cette étude se concentre sur l'influence des conditions hydrodynamiques et de mélange sur les caractéristiques de microcapsules obtenues par inversion/précipitation. Ce processus est classiquement exécuté dans une cuve agitée alors qu'il a été montré que l'exécution de procédés de fabrication de produits chimiques peut être améliorée en utilisant des microtechnologies en raison du meilleur contrôle hydrodynamique et de l'intensification des échanges de chaleur et de matières. Donc, afin d'évaluer l'avantage potentiel de ces nouvelles technologies, des microcapsules de parfum enrobé dans du PMMA ont été fabriquées par inversion de phase/précipitation (système THF/Eau) dans une cuve semi-fermé agitée standard, dans un mélangeur structuré et dans un micromélangeur de type V (FZK). Les trois procédés sont évalués en terme de propriétés de capsules (la distribution de taille, l'épaisseur de membrane, l'efficacité d'encapsulation et la cinétique de libération). Il a été montré que le micromélangeur offre une vaste gamme de conditions de fonctionnement / This study focuses on the influence of the hydrodynamic and mixing conditions on the characteristics of microcapsules obtained by inversion/precipitation. This process is classically run in semi-batch stirred tank while it has been shown that the performance of chemical product manufacturing processes can be improved by using microtechnologies due to better hydrodynamic control and intensification of mass and heat exchanges. Therefore, in order to evaluate the potential benefit of these new technologies, microcapsules of perfume in PMMA have been manufactured by phase inversion/precipitation (system THF/Water) in a classical semi-batch stirred tank, in a structured mixer and in a V-Type micromixer (FZK). The three process is evaluated in term of capsules properties (size distribution, membrane thickness, encapsulation efficiency and release rate). It is shown that micromixer offers a wide range of operating conditions
29

Submillimeter wave absorption spectroscopy in the free jet environment

Melnik, Dmitry Georgievich 15 October 2003 (has links)
No description available.
30

Development of Novel Methods to Prepare Nitrogen and Oxygen Heterocycles

Wray, Brenda Caroline 22 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.

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