M. Comm. / The aim of this study was to analyse the trade between South Africa and Thailand. The relation between factor endowments and comparative advantage of the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theory as well as the alternative theory of the modern international trade theory were used in the analysis. The trade opportunities and the future trade prospectives of both countries were being presented according to the theory on international trade. The relation between factor endowments and comparative advantage of Thailand and South Africa were presented in the case of labour cost, labour productivity, skilled labour, economic indicators, natural resources as well as technology, research and development. The methodology of the study was based on statistics obtained from different sources in South Africa and in Thailand. These included information from The Royal Thai Embassy in Pretoria. The data were obtained from institution like the Bank of Thailand, the South African National Productivity Institute and the Central Statistic Service of South Africa. The comparative advantage of factor endowments according to the H-O theory and the alternative theory were used in the comparison of both Thailand and South Africa. The result of this comparison clearly points to the fact that Thailand has a comparative advantage in labour intensive manufactures and agricultural land intensive products, while South Africa has a comparative advantage in minerals and higher technology. It is true to state that according to the findings of this study, Thailand has the potential to export labour intensive manufactures and agricultural land intensive products such as garments, fabrics, footwear & parts, computer & parts, rice and natural rubber. South Africa has the potential to export minerals and high technology products (raw material products, mineral products, steel & iron, pipe & parts, chemical products) to Thailand. The study succeeds in confirming the relation between comparative advantage and factor endowments of the H-O theory and the alternative theory. It is also clear that future trade prospects of the two countries are based on comparative advantage and factor endowment. Furthermore, the trade opportunities identified will be beneficial to South African and Thai businessmen.

David Chak Wing Tsui. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 206-209.

This thesis investigates and analyses the changing configuration of the Thai macroeconomic policy making in Thailand, before, during and after the 1997 financial crisis, in order to understand the dynamics of the interaction among different actors within a country and between a country and the dominant ‘neo-liberal’ perspective of the international financial institutions and other institutions of global governance that have impacts on Thai economic policy. Traditionally, Thai policy making is referred as ‘a bureaucratic polity’ and being ‘bifurcated’ between clientalistic sectoral policy situated in line ministries and autonomous macroeconomic policy located around the Bank of Thailand, Ministry of Finance, National Economic and Social Development Board, and the Bureau of Budget. This thesis argues that these prevailing conceptual frameworks, although having contributed important knowledge in the Thai case, are not adequate in explaining the change in the policy configuration over the period in question due to their inability to capture the dynamic and complex interplay within macroeconomic policy making. To overcome these shortcomings, this thesis builds on Rangsun’s framework by introducing a more dynamic framework and integrating three main theoretical strands on the nature of policy making, namely the state-centred, society-centred, and international perspectives to explain the complex relationship among all actors involved in the Thai policy-making arena. This thesis finds that as Thailand has experienced fundamental changes that have occurred in the domestic politics and socioeconomic landscape since the late 1980s, the roles of new actors in the realm of policy making, including political parties, elected politicians, businessmen, and international actors have been significantly enhanced. As a result, the nature of the economic policy-making process has emerged as being influenced by different forces, both domestic and international, as well as being constrained by the superstructure and institutions such as constitution, political regime, pattern of the world economy and social relations. More importantly, the process of policy making is not static, but dynamic, and is also highly complex, varying according to time and context. Furthermore, this thesis contends that the political economy of policy making is a dialectic process in which the meaning and interpretation of policy are themselves important sites of contestation over the policy-making process between contending power blocs.

This thesis takes examples from villager’s experiences of change, how they perceive it and how they imagine their futures. The poor are often portrayed as passive recipients of change rather than agents of it and this thesis is a challenge to that. In-depth ethnography and life course analysis help us understand the meanings attached to people’s own experiences of change and illustrate that villagers are not merely ‘forgetting their feet’ (veuaa leum dteen- cows forget their feet, Thai proverb) in a teleological manner but are negotiating adverse structures to provide security and family wellbeing.<br /> An actor oriented approach is used as it highlights experiences of change and reactions to it whilst also taking into account the adverse political economy and imperfect institutional landscape. Changes that have been happening in one village in North-eastern Thailand are described and the failure of collective forms of resistance to provide adequate security is analysed. The rest of the thesis then goes on to look at change through individual and household strategies. Cohort analysis is used to explore differences in generations. An individual life course approach is then used to show how people strategise for their present and future wellbeing. Intergenerational analysis is also used to understand the bargaining between generations. Findings show the intergenerational contract is not only flexible but is also being re-worked to better fit the changes in society, not necessarily breaking down. Families are evolving and are finding new ways to keep bargains whilst also taking advantage of new identities and lifestyles. Findings show the active negotiation of the rural poor as agents of change; this change is dependent on place and the life course and sometimes entails large tradeoffs but seen in the wider context is supporting the reproduction and survival of families and rural values. <br /> I argue that perceived ideological similarities between families and the state that families should provide their own welfare without dependency is lessening pressure on the state to increase state welfare. However, there are differences between state ‘sufficiency economy’ versions of welfare and what poor families need. Pressure is building for better welfare, but it needs to be done in a way that facilitates and strengthens family provision.

Thesis. 1976. M.ArchAS--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Rotch. / Bibliography: p. 78. / M.ArchAS

段穎. / "2004年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (leaves 198-206). / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 7 yue". / Duan Ying. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 198-206). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 引論 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 東南亞華人研究文獻回顧：以泰國華人為專題 --- p.4 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究問題與理論框架 --- p.13 / Chapter 四、 --- 田野點的選擇及研究方法 --- p.22 / Chapter 五、 --- 論文的敍述結構 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二章 --- 第一代：逃離與生存 --- p.31 / Chapter 一、 --- 中國解放，退入緬甸 --- p.32 / Chapter 二、 --- 緬甸控訴，被迫撤臺 --- p.37 / Chapter 三、 --- 武裝販毒，建村自治 --- p.41 / Chapter 四、 --- 清剿泰共，解甲歸田 --- p.43 / Chapter 五、 --- 去國還ˇёإ，安享晚年 --- p.48 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.52 / Chapter 第三章 --- 第二代：定居與發展 --- p.56 / Chapter 一、 --- 奔波泰緬，借土養命 --- p.58 / Chapter 二、 --- 救總援助，發展農業 --- p.62 / Chapter 三、 --- 土產加工，多種經營 --- p.67 / Chapter 四、 --- 外出就業，赴臺求學 --- p.73 / Chapter 五、 --- 歷史困擾，毒品問題 --- p.78 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.80 / Chapter 第四章 --- 第三代：留守與出走 --- p.86 / Chapter 一、 --- 生長於斯，泰華教育 --- p.87 / Chapter 二、 --- 大陸/臺灣，想像家園 --- p.94 / Chapter 三、 --- 泰中翻譯，市場需求 --- p.100 / Chapter 四、 --- 城鄉差別，人口遷移 --- p.108 / Chapter 五、 --- 小結 --- p.112 / Chapter 第五章 --- 自治會與村委會：社會衝突與認同轉變 --- p.117 / Chapter 一、 --- 軍隊傳統，威權統治 --- p.117 / Chapter 二、 --- 村長-會長權益衝突 --- p.122 / Chapter 三、 --- 國家介入，社會轉型 --- p.126 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.130 / Chapter 第六章 --- 生命禮儀：婚喪、歲時中的族群認同 --- p.134 / Chapter 一、 --- 中式婚禮：傳統與現代的交織 --- p.134 / Chapter 二、 --- 傳統葬禮：以孝爲本，重義輕利 --- p.139 / Chapter 三、 --- 中泰結合之葬禮：超度亡靈，造福子孫 --- p.144 / Chapter 四、 --- 歲時與節氣：文化傳統，代代相傳 --- p.147 / Chapter 五、 --- 觀音會：吃齋祈福，保佑平安 --- p.152 / Chapter 六、 --- 關帝誕辰暨火把節：村寨清吉，招財進寳 --- p.154 / Chapter 七、 --- 中元節：迎亡送亡，祖靈庇佑 --- p.158 / Chapter 八、 --- 泰皇后華誕：入郷隨俗，普天同慶 --- p.160 / Chapter 九、 --- 小結 --- p.162 / Chapter 第七章 --- 華文學校：象徵與希望 --- p.169 / Chapter 一、 --- 軍隊辦學，堅持不懈 --- p.169 / Chapter 二、 --- 學校運作，師資經費 --- p.173 / Chapter 三、 --- 教學困境，力求改革 --- p.177 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.180 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 --- p.183 / 參考文獻 --- p.197

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of determining the extent to which the elementary schools in the province of Sukhothai, Thailand, reflect an open or closed organizational climate. This study has two purposes. The first is to identify the organizational climate of elementary schools in the province of Sukhothai, Thailand, as measured by the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ). The second is to determine the differences between the organizational climate of elementary schools with enrollments of 300 students or less and elementary schools with enrollments of more than 300 students. The conclusions of the study indicated that the climate of the elementary schools in the province of Sukhothai, Thailand tended to be more closed than open. Principals tend to perceive the climate of the school to be more open than do the teachers. Teachers in elementary schools with enrollments of 300 or less perceived the climate of the schools to be more open than do teachers in elementary schools with enrollments of more than 300 students. And when the school size increases the climate is more likely to be closed.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / In 1997 Thailand faced an economic crisis, primarily due to a foreign exchange induced recession. At this time of economic crisis, Thailand approached the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for financial assistance. Assistance would be provided only if the Thai Government agreed to reduce public spending, downsize the civil service, change the regulations designed to restrict foreign investment and ownership, and privatise some public enterprises. These requirements had a great impact upon all aspects of Thai society. This study investigates the impact of the imposed changes upon one part of the higher education sector, that of the Rajabhat Institutes. The National Education Act introduced in 1999 was aimed at transforming all sectors of Thai education, provide all Thai people with increased opportunities for access to higher education, and transform Thailand into a learning society. In 2004 the Rajabhat University Act changed the former Rajabhat Institutes into Rajabhat Universities, providing them with greater autonomy, but with greater responsibility for their own futures. This study investigates how these Acts changed policies, processes and practices in the six Rajabhat Universities in Bangkok. The six case studies investigate how these universities have coped with and managed change to meet the challenges of the present and the future. The focus is on policies and practices which have occurred since 2004 and how the Rajabhat Universities planned to meet the challenges of higher educational reform in Thailand, from the viewpoint of the President and Vice Presidents of each university. Analyses reveal that the six Rajabhat Universities were influenced by globalisation, economic, political legal and technologies, which impacted upon their organisational culture and management style. Each of the universities can be considered as a Complex Adaptive System (CAS) in which change occurred in complex and unpredictable ways. The use of dissimilar leadership dimensions and the desire to differentiate their university from the others was found to be a recurring theme.

This research was conducted in the English Department of a provincial Thai university. It seeks to address the tension between the priority accorded to English by the Thai government and the relatively low levels of English of most Thai people. The study investigates the potential of the Internet to support students’ English language development, in particular the capacity of the Internet to support students’ English reading development. The research was located in Central Thailand at Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University (NPRU), my own work place. Here I investigated students’ Internet practices and the potential offered by one English language program that incorporated use of the Internet. My focus on this one program enabled me to address questions about my own teaching practices, and about the implications of incorporating the Internet for program design and teaching. The research itself was conducted in two stages. Stage One was an ethnographic investigation of students’ current Internet practices, both in and out of University. Outcomes from Stage One then informed the development of an English language program that incorporated extensive use of the Internet. This program was implemented and evaluated in Stage Two of the research. Outcomes from Stage One of the research revealed that the University students had low overall levels of Internet use, low levels of computer and Internet skills, but generally high levels of interest and enthusiasm, and a belief that the Internet could play a positive role in supporting English language learning. Outcomes from Stage Two confirmed that the Internet was potentially a powerful resource for teaching English. However, they also showed that if the Internet was incorporated fully into a program, rather than simply tacked onto a traditional program, then a major rethinking of program design and pedagogical practices was necessary. The implications of such changes in program design and teaching are addressed in the thesis.

Rich people in Thailand are enjoying higher shares in income transfer than their poor counterparts. This strange phenomenon implies the malfunction of the Thai social security system. Studies on the relationship between social security development and social, economic and political factors are also very limited. These evident constraints are the rationales for this study. A comparative study was chosen because the justification of social security problems would be more objectively valid if r000esearch findings were compared with external criteria. In addition, comparative analysis would clearly pinpoint possible factors that influenced social security development in Thailand. Like many comparative studies, this investigation did not expect only to identify possible influential factors, but it also intended to learn how the modern social security system could be established in a more developed country. However, the findings would be more adaptable if they were transferred from a country that was economically and culturally close to Thailand. By these reasons, Australia, instead of other Western countries, was more appropriate to be the case for comparison. After reviewing theoretical and empirical literature, the research methodology was designed. Basically, the study applied both qualitative and quantitative methods in analysing data gathered from Thailand and Australia. Comparative evidence shows many problems in social security provisions in Thailand. Relatively narrow coverage, low quality and quantity of benefits and services, higher financial burdens borne by people, and marginal welfare rights are the important indications of the severity of the problems. Many factors are responsible for the existence of these problems. The problematic system of social security was partly the legacy of historical development. The effects of historical roots are intensified by many contemporary factors. Undesirable social values, volatile economic growth, late industrialisation and the defeat of socialism are the four major factors that account for the undeveloped social security system. The influences of the four major factors are supported by another four less crucial ones. These supporting factors comprise the elite�s agenda, workers� power, weak non-governmental organisations and population growth. The findings in both Thailand and Australia similarly indicate that religious institutions and colonial influence do not produce significant effects upon social security development. The comparative findings provide valuable guidelines for the suggestions of system development. Several findings help extend existing theoretical explanations of social security development as well. The study recommends comprehensive operational strategies for the improvement of Thai social security. The study made its final suggestion on the importance of applied research based on Western knowledge and experiences for the improvement of Thai social security.