設立防空識別區的根本目的是為了維護國家空防安全，基本理念是｢禦敵於國門之外｣，是國家行使自保權的需要，是一個主權國家的重要防禦手段。空軍軍事法院院長刑洪波曾說：作為一個預警概念，防空識別區制度具有國家性、單方性、穩定性、防禦性、強制性五個方面的特性。防空識別區的劃設與國家安全的關係是緊密不分的，雖然防空識別區是由自身國家所劃設，在國際上是不具有國際法效力，但是此區可以說是一個國家空防能夠及早預警的延伸範圍，所以它的劃設是具有其必要性的。而如何劃設本身國家的防空識別區便與國際政治上國家與國家之間的影響力有密切關係。 近年來中共經濟發展迅速，在國際事務上已成關鍵，有發展成強權國家之勢，在2012年發生了日本收購釣魚島事件，對於東海戰略平衡上，破壞了中、日、台在東海上的平衡，也影響了中共防空識別區的劃定及周邊航道安全的維護。而2013年中共設立東海防空識別區，對於國際造成嚴重影響，尤其是東海地區局勢更加動盪。中共在2015年1月15日發布飛航公告，擬在台灣海峽劃設一條南北向新航路，與東西向三條新航路，此舉動造成台灣海峽及附近區域安全上的強烈衝擊。而美國為了圍堵、威攝和遏制中國大陸的崛起，近年來不斷的和日、韓等國家在黃海、東海、南海地區頻繁進行大規模軍演，並決定｢亞太再平衡政策｣，推動戰略東移目標，要在2020年內將60%的軍事力量轉移至亞太地區，擴大其在該地區的軍事基地建設，進駐先進武器在關島及其他基地。而對中華民國而言，中共劃設東海防空識別區對東海地區安全的衝擊，是非常重要的，中華民國應強化在東海的話語權，並從多邊面向思考對外發展戰略思維的調整。 / Established air defense identification zone's fundamental purpose is to safeguard national aviation security, the basic idea is the "enemy out," is the need to exercise the right of national self-protection is an important means of defense of a sovereign state. President of the Air Force Military Court Criminal Hongbo said: As an early warning concept, air defense identification zone system has national characteristics unilateral, stability, defense, mandatory five aspects. Designation of the relationship between national security and air defense identification zone are closely regardless, although the air defense identification zone is the designation of the country itself, it is in the international community does not have the force of international law, but this area can be said to be a country capable of air defense extending the scope of immediate early warning, so it is a designation of its necessity. And how the designation of their national air defense identification zone will be closely related to the international political influence on the state and between countries. In recent years, the CCP's rapid economic development, has become critical in international affairs, has developed into a potential power countries, Japan, the acquisition of the Diaoyu Island incident occurred in 2012, the strategic balance on the East China Sea, destroyed, Japan and Taiwan in the East China Sea balance, also affected the delineation and the surrounding seaways CCP air defense identification zone maintenance. And in 2013 the CPC established the East China Sea air defense identification zone for international severely affected, especially the situation in the East China Sea region more volatile. CCP released January 15, 2015 flight announcement, to be in the Taiwan Strait designation of a new north-south route, with three new east-west route, this move will have a strong impact on the vicinity of the Taiwan Strait and regional security. And the United States to containment, deterrence and curb the rise of mainland China, in recent years, and Japan, Korea and other countries frequently conduct large-scale military exercises in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, and decided to "rebalance Asia policy" to promote the strategic eastward target to 60% in 2020 year will be transferred to the Asia-Pacific region's military to expand its construction of military bases in the region, advanced weapons stationed in Guam and other bases. The Republic of China, the CPC designation of the impact of the East China Sea air defense identification zone of the East China Sea regional security, it is very important to the Republic of China should strengthen the right to speak in the East China Sea, and think to adjust its foreign strategic thinking from multilateral development-oriented.

日本的東海政策將對台灣的主權與主權權利造成明顯而立即的影響，因此，日本的東海政策值得深入研究，以維護國家海洋權益。 目前，日本與台灣、中國圍繞在東海的爭端，主要區分為以下三大部分。首先，海域爭端：日本與台灣、中國在東海出現了專屬經濟海域重疊狀況，引發海域劃界糾紛。其次，島嶼爭端：台灣、中國與日本皆主張擁有釣魚台列嶼的主權。第三、油氣爭端：台灣、中國、日本均面臨石油短缺問題，都很重視東海石油的開發與利用。所以，本文選定以日本對於東海的海域政策、釣魚台政策，以及油氣田政策三個息息相關且不可分割的海洋政策面向，來研究日本的東海政策。 本論文從歷史研究途徑的角度，輔以國際海洋法的觀點來探討日本的東海政策，共分為六章：第一章「緒論」說明研究背景、研究動機、研究目的、研究方法，與研究面向。第二章「東海的地緣環境」介紹東海的地緣範疇、經濟價值，與戰略地位。第三章「海域政策」探討日本在東海的海域政策，包括領海、專屬經濟海域、大陸礁層，並說明日本與中國的海域劃界主張。第四章「釣魚台政策」整理歷次釣魚台主權爭議的經緯，並論述爭端國各方主權主張的法理依據，然後指出日本對於釣魚台的政策實踐。第五章「油氣田政策」回顧周圍國家在東海的探採活動，其次討論春曉油氣田事件中，中國的探採經過與日本的因應對策，接著分析中日東海油氣田爭端造成的影響。第六章「結論」歸納主要論點，根據研究結果指出影響日本東海政策的國內外因素，以及日本的東海政策之特點，俾使台灣事先研擬相關對策，進而爭取最大之國家利益與海洋權益。 / Japan's East China Sea policy has a clear and present influence on Taiwan's sovereignty and sovereign rights. Therefore it is important for us to study Japan's East China Sea policy in order to protect our nation's sea rights and interests. At present, the main conflicts between Japan, China and Taiwan in the East China Sea are as follows: First, the maritime delimitation disputes between Japan, China and Taiwan in the East China Sea. Second, Japan, China and Taiwan all declared territorial sovereignty to Tiaoyutai Islands. Third, Japan, China and Taiwan all have oil shortage problems, so they pay much attention to the exploration and the use of petroleum in the East China Sea. Then this thesis selects Japan's sea policy, Tiaoyutai Islands policy, as well as oil and gas fields policy, three closely linked and inalienable sea policy dimensions, to study Japan's East China Sea policy. The thesis discusses Japan's East China Sea policy from the perspective of historical approach and international law of sea. There are six chapters in this thesis: Chapter One makes a description of the background of the study, the purpose of the study, the objective of study, the methodology of the study, and the dimensions of the study. Chapter Two gives an introduction to the East China Sea's surroundings, economic value and strategic position. Chapter Three probes Japan's sea policy, includes territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, and discusses the claims of the maritime delimitation made by Japan and China. Chapter four looks back on the sovereign dispute history of Tiaoyutai Islands, and exhausts the legal basis of the claims made by Japan, China and Taiwan, then points out the practices of Japan in Tiaoyutai Islands. Chapter Five reviews the exploration of the petroleum made by the countries situated around the East China Sea, then discusses China's exploration of Chunxiao oil and gas fields, and the countermeasures of Japan, then analyzes the impact of disputes between China and Japan in the East China Sea oil and gas fields. Chapter Six concludes the main issues, points out the domestic and foreign factors which affect Japan's East China Sea policy, and the characteristics of Japan's East China Sea policy. Thus Taiwan can plan the related countermeasures and strives for our national interests and the sea rights in the future.

What explains continuity and change in post-Cold War maritime security strategies? What lessons can we learn from the employment of such comprehensive grand strategies in maritime regions where traditional and non-traditional threats converge? While many scholars have addressed particular maritime security issues, this author joins the few who engage themselves in the study of the conceptual development of maritime security. Through the lens of structural realism, this thesis examines the logic of the maritime security strategies employed in two distinguished regions by the US and EU member states Finland and Sweden. It concludes that while their maritime security concept remains broad, the recent increase in security pressure has renewed the priority assigned to the military sector of security. Navies are thus re-using the measures implemented by a broad set of civil agencies and the shipping industry to improve maritime security, to gain the level of maritime domain awareness required for establishing regional sea control and project power from the sea. / Vad förklarar kontinuitet och förändring i staters maritima säkerhetsstrategier efter det kalla krigets slut? Vilka lärdomar kan vi dra av deras implementering av allomfattande säkerhetsstrategier i maritima regioner där traditionella och icke-traditionella hot sammanfaller?  Medan många forskare valt att fokusera på specifika maritima säkerhetsproblem som piratverksamhet, terrorism eller smuggling av droger och människor, förenar denna avhandlings författare sig med det fåtal som engagerat sig i studiet av begreppet maritim säkerhets konceptuella utveckling. Genom en teoretisk lins av strukturell realism undersöker författaren av denna avhandling logiken bakom de maritima säkerhetsstrategier som implementerats av USA respektive EU-länderna Finland och Sverige i Ost- och Sydostasien samt i Östersjön.  I avhandlingen dras slutsatsen att medan dessa staters maritima säkerhetskoncept permanent breddats till att omfatta hot inom olika säkerhetssektorer, innebär de senaste årens ökade säkerhetstryck att hot inom den militära säkerhetssektorn åter prioriteras. De undersökta staternas marinstridskrafter drar därmed nytta av den mångfald av maritima säkerhetsåtgärder som implementerats av civila myndigheter och sjöfartsindustrin i syfte att förbättra maritim säkerhet för handelssjöfart, främja miljöskydd och möjliggöra exploatering av maritima naturresurser, till att upprätta militär kontroll över viktiga havsområden samt projicera militär makt från havet. / <p>Docent Steve Lindberg utgjorde min handledare vid Åbo Akademi till och med sin pensionering år 2016.</p><p>Professor Göran Djupsund utgjorde min handledare vid Åbo Akademi från och med 2016.</p><p>Professor Jerker Widén utgjorde min utsedde biträdande handledare vid Försvarshögskolan.</p>

This thesis examines the deep bilateral tensions surrounding the East China Sea (ECS) disagreements between Japan and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the period from August 19th 2003 to June 18th 2008 from an actor-centred constructivist liberal viewpoint. The East China Sea disputes could be described as a conflicting difference of opinion over a) the demarcation of maritime territory and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) in which potentially significant energy deposits exist and b) the ownership of the strategically important and historically sensitive Pinnacle (Senkaku/Diaoyu) Islands. This research addresses the question of why, given the fact that China and Japan have a strong interest in co-operation and stable relations with each other, small incidents in the ECS blow up into larger problems, cause approaches to the East China Sea to wax and wane, and move the relationship in a direction that goes against preferred national objectives? In attempting to unravel this puzzle, this work argues that domestic politics and popular negative sentiment have been the major issues that have greatly amplified and politicised the ECS problems and have significantly affected positive progress in negotiations aimed at managing and stabilising these disputes. By examining these, the thesis addresses the question of why China and Japan have been so constrained in their attempts to find a workable bilateral agreement over disputed energy resources and demarcation in the East China Sea. It also indirectly deals with the question of why the conflicting legal complexities surrounding these disagreements contributed to both states so fervently maintaining and defending their claims.

CHINA IN GLOBAL AND REGIONAL POLITICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY - GEOPOLITICAL CLASH WITH JAPAN, INDIA, USA, RUSSIA AND EUROPE Mgr. Martin Petrtýl Supervisor: Doc. Dr. Bořivoj Hnízdo, PhD. Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences This dissertation discusses the current and future role of China in the 21st century. I worked with the idea to prepare a systematically detailed analytical study of the country in relation to its surroundings as well as its internal environment for more than 8 years, including many interruptions. I, above all, contemplated about the way how to truly scientifically, i.e. credibly, it means in the maximum possible the limits of verifiability, develop a full work that could hold up to the colleagues from the scientific community and myself. It is logical it was and is my attempt to allow minimal possibility of any criticism of this work for its formal, content, or other deficiencies. First, I decided to analyse in some detail the currently known theoretical approaches and methods of study, not only in political sciences, especially those used by political geographers, but also in other related fields, especially in the field of study of international relations, sociology, political science or general security studies. I did not want to study the issue is the...