Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / This research is an evaluative case study of transformation in a Historically White University in South Africa. The research occurs within the context of redress against the inequality and exclusion created by the legacy of apartheid. The research is a qualitative and quantitative study. it is based on based on desk research and include a literature review. Internet search as well as an analysis of key organizational and policy context documents such as reports, projects and surveys are used. semi-structured interviews was held with a sample of staff. / South Africa

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The two research questions that guided this qualitative, descriptive case study were: 1. What staff development and training occurred since IDEA 1997 and what would be recommended in the future in a selected Virginia school district regarding the discipline problems of students with disabilities. 2. How had one Virginia school district responded, implemented and resolved disciplinary problems (including barriers) as related to IDEA 1997 for specific students with disabilities who were in need of disciplinary measures during the 1999-2000 school year? The seven selected students with disabilities were chosen based on their disciplinary actions as related to five interview guide questions that focused on some new IDEA 1997 disciplinary regulations. Sources came from a review of formal and informal records, interviews, observations, and follow-up based on data analysis. These questions dealt with the disciplinary issues involving: 1. Multiple short-term removals. 2. Change of placements. 3. Interim alternative settings. 4. Removal for more than ten days. 5. Disciplinary change of placement. 6. Discipline whereas a functional assessment and behavioral implementation plans, strategies and supports were reviewed for students with disabilities in need of disciplinary action. Themes, patterns and recommendations were given at the school district and at the state level. Recommendations for further study were made. Within this school district, three surfaced themes as part of lessons learned were noted. These themes were a) the revolving door of homebound placement, b) monitor and compliance issues, and c) documentation concerns for students with disabilities as mandated by IDEA 1997. Ten patterns were noted as related to the seven students with disabilities due to their disciplinary actions. All seven students with disabilities had a long history of special education placements, attendance problems and were recommended for counseling. Six of these student's parents were minimally involved with their child's progress. Six of these students were drug involved. Positive interventions, strategies and supports were utilized for five of these students when receiving disciplinary consequences. Five of these students with disabilities had other difficult family issues. Four of these students with disabilities were court involved while one student was involved with the community services board. Three students had work experiences and three students had low to average intelligence. Other noteworthy considerations involving climate and culture, money and safety were discussed. / Ed. D.

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As achievement gaps persist among some groups of students, school leaders are identifying strategies and implementing plans to support the academic needs of diverse student populations. The purpose of this research study was to identify the leadership practices and strategies used by National ESEA Distinguished School principals who have successfully minimized the achievement gaps among Caucasian and non-Caucasian students. Six successful National ESEA Distinguished School principals were interviewed. These leaders represented rural and urban pre-K–12 schools in different geographic regions of the United States. A qualitative research methodology with in-depth interviews was used to gather the data. The participants were asked open-ended questions during the semi-structured interviews. The findings in this study reflect nine leadership strategies and practices identified by these school leaders to minimize achievement gaps. The leadership strategies were compared to Kouzes and Posner's (2017) five leadership practices, which are model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. Results can be used to inform practitioners about what worked for leaders who have been effective at minimizing achievement gaps. Based on these results, school division leaders should consider designing targeted professional development, mentoring, and coaching around effective principal leadership practices. / Doctor of Education / As achievement gaps persist among some groups of students, school leaders are identifying strategies and implementing plans to support the learning of diverse student populations. The purpose of this research study was to identify the leadership practices and strategies used by National ESEA Distinguished School principals who have successfully minimized the achievement gaps among Caucasian and non-Caucasian students. Six successful National ESEA Distinguished School principals were interviewed. These leaders represented rural and urban pre-K–12 schools in different regions of the United States. The participants were asked open-ended questions during the semi-structured interviews. The findings in this study reflect nine leadership strategies and practices identified by these principals to minimize achievement gaps. The leadership strategies were compared to Kouzes and Posner's (2017) five leadership practices, which are model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. Results can be used to inform school leaders about what worked for principals who have been effective at minimizing achievement gaps.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) 2004 requires schools to provide students with disabilities with all the academic opportunities, services, and extracurricular involvement afforded non-disabled peers and with non-disabled peers. Accountability measures resulting from the law, No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), place increased emphasis on the performance of students with disabilities who must be included in the state assessment system, and meet the levels of proficiencies identified by the state for Adequate Yearly Progress in reading and math no later than 2013-2014. According to the literature, principals felt unprepared to provide the leadership in special education. The purpose of the case study of the leadership of a principal was to provide descriptions of practices in implementing and supporting inclusion so that instruction for children with disabilities can be delivered in general education classrooms. The data were triangulated from an interview with the principal, a focus group discussion of general and special education teachers, and examinations of physical artifacts. The findings revealed that the principal organized the school to support instruction of children with disabilities in general education classroom, planned intentionally for scheduling and grouping of students, expected general education and special education teachers to share equal responsibilities for instruction, used data to monitor the progress of students, developed visible and written procedures for academic and behavioral expectations, and collaborated with parents. Underlying each of the findings was the expectation that the faculty collaborate in understanding the impact of the disability upon learning, and problem solve interventions to positively affect academic outcomes for children with disabilities. / Ph. D.

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)