More water utilities are adopting Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) to balance long-term water supply and demand. Due to large implementation and operation costs, ASR projects need to be optimized, particularly for energy use, which is a major operating expense. This study examines the relationships among energy use, recharge, and recovery at two ASR projects in the western United States. The major finding is an economy of scale for recovery processes, but not for gravity-fed recharge processes. The economy of scale found is as follows: the energy intensity recovered decreases with volume. This suggests it is more energy-efficient to recover large volumes of water in one interval instead of recovering smaller volumes at more frequent intervals. The H2Oaks recovery process experienced a 78% decrease in energy intensity from 0 to 50,000 m^3 recovered, while the Sand Hollow site experienced a 43% decrease in energy intensity from 0 to 50,000 m^3 recovered. Statistical analyses of the recovery process showed p values lower than 0.0001, R^2 values between 0.43 and 0.57, and a RMSE value between 0.55 and 2.1, indicating the presence of a moderate correlation between energy and volume. This economy of scale has been observed in multiple instances in water and wastewater treatment. This finding not only has applications to ASR but also all recovery or recharge wells, whether or not they are paired with each other. Furthermore, this study confirms the need for more reliable and accessible energy data to fully understand the implications of the energy–water nexus.

Orientador: Tsunao Matsumoto / Banca: Alexandre Ninhaus Silveira / Banca: Katt Reginal Lapa / Resumo: Sistemas de Recirculação para Aquicultura (SRA) possibilitam um meio alternativo de produção de peixes para áreas com limitada disponibilidade de água. Estes sistemas de cultivo intensivo de peixes oferecem potencial de produção em pequena escala assim como em grande escala, devido a recuperação de efluentes e a reutilização da água, produzindo volumes relativamente pequenos de resíduos líquidos e sólidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia do tratamento de águas residuárias em relação à remoção de Nitrogênio Amoniacal Total (NAT), Sólidos Totais (ST), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (SST), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO5), Nitrogênio total (NT) e Fósforo Total (FT). Para tanto, foram introduzidos Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), com 0,323kg de peso médio inicial e 17 kg m-3 de densidade de armazenamento inicial no SRA experimental. O SRA era composto de 03 tanques de plástico com capacidade de 0,20 m3, Decantador de Coluna (DC), o reator de leito fluidizado aeróbio com circulação em tubos concêntricos (BAS-CT), tendo como meio de suporte a areia de diâmetro efetivo (D10) = 0,29 mm e na sequência reator de transferência de oxigênio e remoção de CO2. A eficiência na remoção do NAT no reator BAS-CT no período de aclimatação e de estabilização foi 31,0% e 35,2%, respectivamente. A remoção de ST e SST foi de 44,44% e 71,71%, respectivamente. A eficiência alcançada de remoção no SRA da DQO foi de 64,90% e de 48,01% para DBO5. Os valores médios de remoção do NT e FT no SRA foram de 25,02% e 41,05%, respectivamente. Estes resultados indicaram que o tratamento de águas residuárias de aquicultura proposto neste estudo através do BAS-CT associado ao DC tem evitado elevadas concentrações e acumulação de poluentes dentro do SRA / Abstract: Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) offer an alternative means of fish production for areas that to have limited water and land availability. RAS are a highly intensive fish culture systems and offer potential production units for small and large scale operations. For effluent recovery and treated water reuse, RAS produce relatively small volumes of liquid and solids wastes. The objective of this study were to determine the efficiency of the wastewater treatment with recommended to removal of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). In this study was cultivating the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with 0.323kg initial average weight and 17 kg m-3 initial storage density, cultivated in RAS. The RAS was composed with 03 plastic tanks with capacity of 0.20 m3 in each, column settler (CS), aerobic fluidized bed reactor with concentric tubes circulation (BAS-CT) with sand bed support of effective diameter (D10) of 0.29 mm and oxygen transfer-CO2 removal reactor. NAT removal efficiency was in acclimation and stabilized periods in BAS-CT reactor were 31.0% and 35.2% respectively. TS and TSS removal was 44.44% and 71.71% respectively. In this RAS, the COD removal efficiency reached was 64.90% and 48.01% for BOD5. The average removal in the NT and FT in the RAS were 25.02% and 41.05% respectively. These results indicate that aquaculture wastewater treatment proposed in this study by BAS-CT associated to CS prevents high concentrations and accumulating of pollutants within the SRA

Photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most prominent energy sources, producing electricity directly from sunlight. In additionally, it is easy to install and is supported financially by many governments as part of their strategy to reduce CO2 gas emissions, and to achieve their agreed set of reduction targets by 2020. In the meantime, researchers have been working on the PV system to make it more efficient, easy to maintain, reliable to use and cost effective. In the stand-alone PV system, a battery is required. This is due to the fluctuating nature of the output energy delivered by the PV arrays owing to the weather conditions and the unpredictable behaviour of uses with regard to the consumption of energy. During the hours of sunshine, the PV system is directly feeding the load and any surplus electrical energy is stored in the battery at a constant current. During the night, or during a period of low solar irradiation, the energy is supplied to the load from the battery. However, the stand-alone PV system is designed to provide an acceptable balance between reliability and cost, which is a major challenge to the designer owing to the approaches used to size the PV arrays and the battery bank. As a result, the unpredictable, quick daily changes on the PV output is not dependable. Moreover, battery performance, length of life and energy efficiency depends on the rate at which it is discharged. Therefore, it is essential to use other methods to deal with any quick variation in energy. In this thesis, a super capacitor is used to solve this problem, as it can deal with the fast-changing weather, or a rapid variation in the energy requirements of the customer. A critical evaluation with in-depth analysis of the placement and the implementation for the super-capacitor in the PV standalone system has been carried out. The results show, super-capacitor capacitance and the converter efficiency affect the delivered load energy. However, the bi-directional topology performs better than uni-directional under the same conditions. Finally, a further improvement of the system at component level, has been developed through an energy recovery snubber for the switching transition and achieved a recovery of energy for the resistive load, 94.44% for the turn on transition and 92.86% for the turn off transition. Moreover, for the inductive load, 78.33% and 97.33% of energy has been recovered for the turn on and for the turn off transition respectively.

The Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is one of the most commonly used range image processing methods. However, slow operational speeds and high input band-widths limit the use of ICP in high-speed real-time applications. This thesis presents and examines a novel hardware implementation of a high-speed ICP object tracking system that uses stereo vision disparities as input. Although software ICP trackers already exist, this innovative hardware tracker utilizes the efficiencies of custom hardware processing, thus enabling faster high-speed real-time tracking. A custom hardware design has been implemented in an FPGA to handle the inherent bottlenecks that result from the large input and processing band-widths of the range data. The hardware ICP design consists of four stages: Pre-filter, Transform, Nearest Neighbor, and Transform Recovery. This custom hardware has been implemented and tested on various objects, using both software simulation and hardware tests. Results indicate that the tracker is able to successfully track free-form objects at over 200 frames-per-second along arbitrary paths. Tracking errors are low, in spite of substantial noisy stereo input. The tracker is able to track stationary paths within 0.42mm and 1.42degs, linear paths within 1.57mm and 2.80degs, and rotational paths within 0.39degs axis error. With further degraded data by occlusion, the tracker is able to handle 60% occlusion before a slow decline in performance. The high-speed hardware implementation (that uses 16 parallel nearest neighbor circuits), is more then five times faster than the software K-D tree implementation. This tracker has been designed as the hardware component of ‘FastTrack’, a high frame rate, stereo vision tracking system, that will provide a known object’s pose in real-time at 200 frames per second. This hardware ICP tracker is compact, lightweight, has low power requirements, and is integratable with the stereo sensor and stereo extraction components of the FastTrack’ system on a single FPGA platform. High-speed object tracking is useful for many innovative applications, including advanced spaced-based robotics. Because of this project’s success, the ‘FastTrack’ system will be able to aid in performing in-orbit, automated, remote satellite recovery for maintenance. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-07-15 22:50:30.369

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Viotto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T04:16:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Basso_RodrigoCorrea_M.pdf: 482166 bytes, checksum: 274056e4fb8fdec08c2594a66d1e9e9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Tendo como objetivo avaliar o processo de limpeza de uma membrana cerâmica de diâmetro de poro de 0,01mm, foram realizadas oito corridas de ultrafiltração com uma miscela de óleo bruto de soja e hexano de composição constante, sempre nas mesmas condições operacionais: temperatura de 40°C, pressão transmembrana de 1,0bar e velocidade tangencial de escoamento de 3,4m/s. Após cada uma das ultrafiltrações, foi avaliada a influência dos parâmetros pressão transmembrana, velocidade tangencial de escoamento e abertura da válvula de permeado no processo de limpeza, feito apenas pela recirculação de hexano. Foi testada a associação de quatro diferentes condições de limpeza: baixa pressão transmembrana (0,5bar) e elevada velocidade tangencial de escoamento (5,0m/s); elevada pressão transmembrana (2,0bar) e baixa velocidade tangencial de escoamento (1,0m/s); pressão transmembrana e velocidade tangecial de escoamento intermediárias, 1,0bar e 3,4m/s, respectivamente; baixa pressão transmembrana (0,5bar) e elevada velocidade tangencial de escoamento (5,0m/s), mantendo sempre a válvula de permeado aberta. A melhor condição de limpeza obtida foi a associação de baixa pressão transmembrana e elevada velocidade tangencial de escoamento que conseguiu recuperar o fluxo da membrana em aproximadamente 85 minutos. Foram calculadas as resistências intrínseca da mebrana, da camada gel polarizada e do ¿fouling¿, e foi constatado que na limpeza a própria membrana exerce a maior resistência ao fluxo de permeado, seguida pela do ¿fouling¿ e pela da camada gel polarizada. Foram ainda explorados os processos de concentração e diafiltração, realizados em membrana cerâmica de 0,01mm, na obtenção e purificação da lecitina de soja a partir dos retentados resultantes dos processos de ultrafiltração da miscela de óleo bruto de soja e hexano. O retentado foi concentrado até um fator de concentração de 9,6 e diafiltrado, utilizando dois e quatro ciclos. A lecitina obtida teve um teor de insolúveis em acetona, respectivamente para dois e quatro ciclos de diafiltração, de 69,7 e 90,7% / Abstract: One of the objectives of this work was to study the cleaning process of a 0.01mm pore size ceramic membrane. The operational conditions used at eigth ultrafiltration process realized were 40°C of temperature and 1.0bar and 3.4m/s of transmembrane pressure and cross flow velocity. After each ultrafiltration it have been studied the influence of transmembrane pressure, tangential flow velocity and permeate valve position on the membrane cleaning process realized by pure hexane recirculation. Four different cleaning associated conditions were tested: low transmembrane pressure (0.5bar) and high cross flow velocity (5.0m/s); high transmembrane pressure (2.0bar) and low cross flow velocity (1.0m/s); intermediate transmembrane pressure and cross flow velocity, 1.0bar 3.4m/s; low transmembrane pressure (0.5bar) and high tangential flow velocity (5.0m/s) keeping permeate valve opened. The best condition evaluated to membrane cleaning process was the application of high cross flow velocity and low transmembrane pressure that have been recovered the original flux, took with pure hexane, in 85 minutes. The intrinsic membrane resistance, fouling resistance and polarized gel layer resistance were calculated and was concluded that the major resistance to permeate flux was the intrinsic membrane resistance followed by fouling resistance and polarized gel layer resistance. Concentration and diafiltration process in 0.01mm pore size ceramic membrane have been studied in extraction and purification of soybean lecithin from ultrafiltrations retentate. The retentate had concentrated until a concentration factor of 3 and diafiltrated using two and four cicles. The soybean lecithin purified using two and four diafiltrations cicles result in an acetone insoluble matter of 69.7 and 90.7% respectively / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 maigualenriquez_ya_me_ilha.pdf: 1515184 bytes, checksum: 854b45266358b64c6017c5058af88c81 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Sistemas de Recirculação para Aquicultura (SRA) possibilitam um meio alternativo de produção de peixes para áreas com limitada disponibilidade de água. Estes sistemas de cultivo intensivo de peixes oferecem potencial de produção em pequena escala assim como em grande escala, devido a recuperação de efluentes e a reutilização da água, produzindo volumes relativamente pequenos de resíduos líquidos e sólidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia do tratamento de águas residuárias em relação à remoção de Nitrogênio Amoniacal Total (NAT), Sólidos Totais (ST), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (SST), Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO5), Nitrogênio total (NT) e Fósforo Total (FT). Para tanto, foram introduzidos Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), com 0,323kg de peso médio inicial e 17 kg m-3 de densidade de armazenamento inicial no SRA experimental. O SRA era composto de 03 tanques de plástico com capacidade de 0,20 m3, Decantador de Coluna (DC), o reator de leito fluidizado aeróbio com circulação em tubos concêntricos (BAS-CT), tendo como meio de suporte a areia de diâmetro efetivo (D10) = 0,29 mm e na sequência reator de transferência de oxigênio e remoção de CO2. A eficiência na remoção do NAT no reator BAS-CT no período de aclimatação e de estabilização foi 31,0% e 35,2%, respectivamente. A remoção de ST e SST foi de 44,44% e 71,71%, respectivamente. A eficiência alcançada de remoção no SRA da DQO foi de 64,90% e de 48,01% para DBO5. Os valores médios de remoção do NT e FT no SRA foram de 25,02% e 41,05%, respectivamente. Estes resultados indicaram que o tratamento de águas residuárias de aquicultura proposto neste estudo através do BAS-CT associado ao DC tem evitado elevadas concentrações e acumulação de poluentes dentro do SRA / Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) offer an alternative means of fish production for areas that to have limited water and land availability. RAS are a highly intensive fish culture systems and offer potential production units for small and large scale operations. For effluent recovery and treated water reuse, RAS produce relatively small volumes of liquid and solids wastes. The objective of this study were to determine the efficiency of the wastewater treatment with recommended to removal of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP). In this study was cultivating the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with 0.323kg initial average weight and 17 kg m-3 initial storage density, cultivated in RAS. The RAS was composed with 03 plastic tanks with capacity of 0.20 m3 in each, column settler (CS), aerobic fluidized bed reactor with concentric tubes circulation (BAS-CT) with sand bed support of effective diameter (D10) of 0.29 mm and oxygen transfer-CO2 removal reactor. NAT removal efficiency was in acclimation and stabilized periods in BAS-CT reactor were 31.0% and 35.2% respectively. TS and TSS removal was 44.44% and 71.71% respectively. In this RAS, the COD removal efficiency reached was 64.90% and 48.01% for BOD5. The average removal in the NT and FT in the RAS were 25.02% and 41.05% respectively. These results indicate that aquaculture wastewater treatment proposed in this study by BAS-CT associated to CS prevents high concentrations and accumulating of pollutants within the SRA

Med utgångspunkt i det moderna arbetslivet och de krav som detta medför på dagens medarbetare har den aktuella studien valt att inrikta sig på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Studien utgår ifrån Julian Rotters teori om locus of control. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur inre och yttre kontrollfokus påverkar upplevelserna av möjligheten till återhämtning och delaktighet. Studien är kvantitativ, och har genomförts på uppdrag av en medelstor kommun i Västsverige. Webbaserad enkät har använts. Resultatet visar att inre kontrollfokus har en signifikant positiv påverkan på både den upplevda möjligheten till återhämtning och den upplevda delaktigheten. Inre kontrollfokus är dessutom av större betydelse för den upplevda möjligheten till återhämtning och den upplevda delaktigheten hos medarbetarna i kommunen, jämfört med de som är chefer med budget- och/eller personalansvar. Således anses inre kontrollfokus kunna påverka den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i positiv riktning.

Orientador: Paulo Lício de Geus / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T05:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_GabrielDieterich_M.pdf: 3073328 bytes, checksum: aeb145421a7f9c0c3d3ac872eb9ac054 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Existe uma grande quantidade de configurações presentes em sistemas atuais e gerir essas configurações é um trabalho árduo para qualquer administrador de sistema. Inúmeras configurações podem ser definidas para uma só máquina e as combinações entre elas implicam de forma significativa no seu desempenho. A partir do momento que um sistema em pleno funcionamento pára de funcionar, algo em sua estrutura pode ter mudado. Este cenário é comum no processo de desenvolvimento de software onde o código fonte pode deixar de compilar ou ainda uma funcionalidade pode se perder. Controladores de versão são usados para reverter o estado do código para uma data anterior, solucionando o problema. Verificadores de Integridade são utilizados para detectar estas mudanças, porém não possuem mecanismos específicos para recuperação. Este estudo propõe e implementa uma arquitetura integrada que combina verificação de integridade e mecanismos de recuperação. Foram executados testes para determinar a sobrecarga total deste método, além de estudos de caso para verificar a sua eficiência de recuperação / Abstract: Current computer systems have a huge number of configurations that are hard to manage. The combinations of system configurations can impact on performance and behavior. From the moment that a system stops working correctly it is remarkable that something has changed. That is in common in software development, where changes made by the programmer may result in some features no longer working or the project not compiling anymore. Revision control systems can recover a previous state of the source code through revision mechanisms. Integrity checking is used to catch file modifications, however this technique does nothing toward recovering those files. This study proposes and implements an integrated architecture that combines integrity checking and restoring mechanisms. Tests were executed in order to measure the load imposed by the solution. In addition, analysis of three case studies shows the efficiency of the adopted solution / Mestrado / Segurança de Computadores

No description available.