Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004. / Title from title screen (viewed 8 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Economics and Business. Degree awarded 2004; thesis submitted 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Restricted until October 2004. Bibliography: leaves 117-121.

This thesis focuses on cases of drought since it is one of the most common and disastrous natural hazards that we experience on earth. Non-governmental organisations have traditionally offered humanitarian aid directed to response and relief measures. However, research shows that more long-term adaptive measures are more effective in reducing vulnerability and decreasing disaster risk. This thesis investigates how the International federation of the red cross and crescent society (IFRC) engage in vulnerability reducing measures through short-term coping and long-term adaptive measures and if it is in line with what the research presented in the theory section of this thesis has shown is the most effective way. Through the use of qualitative content analysis and a case-study design, four reports from two cases of drought in Sub-Saharan Africa have been analysed. The results indicate that the IFRC are still more prone to implement coping measures, but that adaptive measures are visible throughout the entirety of their projects. This thesis will have nuanced the work of Non-governmental organisations in disaster-struck areas and to contribute to future studies by its generalisability.

Socialarbetare som arbetar i Turkiet beskrivs uppleva dilemman som ständigt påverkar deras arbete. Trots detta förekommer begränsad internationell och nationell forskning som undersöker turkiska socialarbetares upplevelser av arbetet. Tidigare forskningsstudier har redovisat att socialarbetare i Turkiet upplever att de internationella arbetsvärderingarna innehåller förtryck och orättvisor samtidigt som arbetet i sig beskrivs bidra med känslomässig utmattning och osäkerhet. De etiska dilemman som turkiska socialarbetare beskrivs uppleva anses vara omfattande, däremot förekommer begränsad information om förhållningssättet gentemot de etiska riktlinjerna i arbetet. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar därmed till att undersöka turkiska socialarbetares upplevelser av arbetet och dess förhållningssätt gentemot IFSWs globala etiska riktlinjer. Studien bygger på nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare i Turkiet varpå ett subjektivt perspektiv har varit en central aspekt. Studiens resultat visar att socialarbetare i Turkiet upplever en brist på riktlinjer och regler i arbetet vilket har resulterat i en känsla av osäkerhet och begränsat handlingsutrymme. De befintliga insatserna beskrivs även vara så pass otillräckliga att de har kommit att påverka socialarbetarna på en subjektiv nivå. Vidare beskrivs orättvisa förhållanden förekomma inom landet vilket påverkar arbetets prioriteringar och arbetarnas möjligheter till en påverkan på arbetet. Slutligen framkommer det att det inte förekommer några etiska riktlinjer inom arbetet eller någon form av kännedom om IFSWs globala etiska riktlinjer, trots att Turkiet utgörs av ett medlemsland i IFSW. / Turkish social workers are to a greater extent described to be experiencing dilemmas that are affecting their quality of work. Despite the circumstances, there is an insufficient amount of research on a national and international level that subjectively examines the Turkish social workers' experiences in the workspace. Previous research has shown that social workers in Turkey believe the international work values contain elements of oppression and injustice while the duty is described as a contributing factor to increased exhaustion and uncertainty. The ethical dilemmas Turkish social workers are faced with can be regarded as extensive, albeit there is insufficient knowledge regarding the method of approach towards the ethical guidelines for social workers. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine Turkish social workers' experiences within their line of work and their approach towards the IFSW global ethical guidelines. The study is based on nine semi-structured interviews with social workers in Turkey, where a subjective perspective regarding their experiences has been a central aspect. This study finds that social workers in Turkey experience a lack of guidelines and rules within their line of work which contributes to an increased uncertainty amongst the social workers, thus also limiting their capacity for action. The existing efforts are described as being inadequate to the point where it has affected the social workers quality of work to a subjective degree. Furthermore, there is an overall consensus that occurrences of unfair conditions are not a rare sight in the country. This affects the social workers priorities and possibilities of having an influence in their work. Finally, it emerges that no standardized ethical guidelines are being followed, nor is there any knowledge of the IFSW global ethical guidelines despite the fact that Turkey is a member state of IFSW.

The goal of this thesis is to give an insight in the legislation of the organic farming in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part presents an introduction to the topic, defines basic concepts such as sustainable agriculture, organic farming, organic farm or organic product. It outlines the historical development of organic farming, its basic principles and objectives, it also deals with genetic engineering and the reasons why they are not used in organic farming, and finally the relationship between organic farming and the protection of individual components of the environment. The second part describes the international regulation of organic agriculture, emphasis is placed on the Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements and Codex Alimentarius. The aim is to outline activities of the most important organizations, which were at the beginning of the development of organic agriculture in the world and in the Czech Republic, and which significantly contributed to designing the guidelines and the first laws governing organic farming and they are, in my opinion, up to the present day in a position where they not only can continue to intervene in the rulemaking but also given the gained experince they are supposed and...

The Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Crystal Movement is the largest humanitarian movement in the world with 97 million volunteer workers around the globe. The organisation relies on seven fundamental principles, the Neutrality Principle being one of them. The questions of this essay are: *Is it yet possible to provide neutral humanitarian aid in the 21st century? *Have the humanitarian crisis’s changed between the 20th century and the 21st century?

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / En Chile, recién hoy empezamos a ver cierta especialización del derecho hacia realidades deportivas, mediante la publicación de leyes especiales en los últimos años como el “Estatuto del Futbolista” (Ley N° 20.178), que reconoce los contratos de los deportistas profesionales como un tipo de contrato especial, que debe ser tratado de manera separada y la ley de sociedades anónimas deportivas (Ley 20.019) , una ley creada especialmente para permitir la profesionalización de los dirigentes del fútbol nacional y el ingreso de capitalistas a estas entidades, todo bajo el supuesto de que con un escenario manejado bajo reglas de mercado y con intervención de los organismos reguladores correspondientes se lograría mejorar las estructuras del fútbol nacional. Las dos leyes anteriormente citadas, son las únicas en Chile que tienen como denominadores comunes estar referidas al deporte y regular relaciones entre privados. Las demás leyes relativas al deporte tienen como principales objetivos regular las relaciones del Estado con el deporte, como entidad promotora de las prácticas deportivas en nuestro país. Pero además, hay un denominador común aún más interesante para estas dos leyes, que es el fútbol. A pesar de que ambas leyes no se refieran específicamente a él, fueron creadas a partir de las necesidades que este deporte, como industria, mostraba. Ambas incluso fueron negociadas y conversadas en su momento con los dirigentes de la Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional. Lo anterior encuentra una justificación que es evidente; hoy por hoy el fútbol es el único deporte realmente profesional que se practica en Chile. El fútbol además, es el deporte más popular, en Chile y en el mundo, lo que ha llevado a que en países más avanzados en la materia, haya hoy doctrina que habla del “derecho futbolístico”, mientras que en nuestro país aún ni siquiera se valida al derecho deportivo como rama del derecho.

Orientador: Fernando Andrade Fernandes / Resumo: A corrupção é um fenômeno ainda atual e que desde os primórdios acompanha a conduta humana, sendo estudado pelas mais diversas ciências, o que apesar disso podemos considerar insuficiente devido sua complexidade. Com manifestações em vários âmbitos, além do público e privado, o desportivo, área extremamente influenciada pelas paixões sociais, possui forte influência econômica, principalmente por grandes organizações, o que leva inclusive a reflexos legislativos, principalmente de cunho jurídico-penal. A corrupção no desporto merece atenção especial, seja devido sua importância na diminuição da impunidade, bem como na proteção da lealdade e verdade nas práticas desportivas. Nesse sentido, o escândalo de corrupção na Federación Internacional de Fútbol Asociación (FIFA) é exemplo de como pode ocorrer um aumento gradual e seletivo de intervenção criminosa no desporto em relação aos crimes que possuam um viés econômico e tal ocorrência pode ser identificada em diversos Ordenamentos Jurídicos. Por fim, mesmo que direcionando os devidos cuidados à observância dos princípios fundamentais da ultima ratio, apresenta-se fundamental como as Ciências Jurídico-Penais podem contribuir com o enfrentamento do problema objeto de pesquisa, a corrupção no âmbito desportivo. / Abstract: Corruption is a phenomenon that is still current and which, from the earliest years, is present in human conduct, being studied by the most diverse sciences, which in spite of this we can consider not enough due to its complexity. With manifestations in several areas, in addition to the public and private, the sport, an area extremely influenced by social passions, has a strong economic influence, mainly by large organizations, which leads to legislative reflexes, mainly of legal and penal nature. Corruption in sport deserves special attention, either because of its importance in reducing impunity, as well as in protecting loyalty and truth in sporting practices. In this sense, the corruption scandal in the International Federation of Soccer Association (FIFA) is an example of how a gradual and selective increase of criminal intervention in sport can occur in relation to crimes that have an economic bias and such an occurrence can be identified in several Legal Ordinances. Finally, even though directing the proper care to the observance of the fundamental principles of the last ratio, it is fundamental how the Legal-Penal Sciences can contribute to the confrontation of the problem under investigation, corruption in the sports field. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T11:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6826_Dissertação Abner20131107-175625.pdf: 1868462 bytes, checksum: 7f6dccb8cacd698cc8ae776a912e41f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-06 / Buscou-se neste estudo investigar como o processo de consulta pública pode influenciar no delineamento das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade Pública (IPSASs), emitidas pela IFAC. Neste sentido, identificou-se a participação de variados agentes mundiais, além de se verificar a relação entre as características das sugestões enviadas e sua aceitação pelo órgão responsável. Esta pesquisa teve como base teórica e conceitual a Teoria Tridimensional do Direito, desenvolvida por Miguel Reale, onde fato, valor e norma estão presentes e se relacionam de forma constante, dialética e complementar, ao longo do processo normativo e no caso em tela, a normatização contábil. Os fatos representam situações presentes no contexto de cada participante e que são, por seu turno, orientadas, dentre outros fatores, por ideologias e princípios, que são os valores. Já a norma é fruto da relação entre fatos e valores e é aqui representada pelas IPSASs. Como abordagem metodológica utilizou-se a pesquisa documental, a análise de conteúdo e análise quantitativa, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado e da interpretação dos resíduos padronizados. Da amostra composta por 123 cartas, foram identificadas 59 agentes de diversos países, sendo, destes, 76% não pertencentes ao corpo de membros da IFAC. Ainda, as instituições foram distribuídas em 7 diferentes classes, como órgãos profissionais, organismos regionais de normalização, órgãos governamentais, dentre outras. Sobre o nível de aceitação das contribuições enviadas, contou-se 926 sugestões e destas, 322 de alguma forma foram consideradas pela IFAC. Ademais, notou-se a expressiva participação da Oceania com 29,5% do total de contribuições e a participação do Accounting Standards Board (África do Sul) e dos australianos Heads of Treasuries Accounting and Reporting Advisory Committee (HoTARAC) e Australian Accounting Standards Board, sendo ambas as instituições que mais forneceram contribuições. Além disto, pela abordagem quantitativa foram achadas evidências de maior associação entre as sugestões de não membros e aceitação pela IFAC. Também foi verificada uma forte ligação entre o acatamento e as contribuições do tipo Forma. Ainda, para a totalidade da amostra, não foi comprovada a dependência entre o nível de aceitação e o fato dos itens serem ou não convergentes às normas emitidas pelo IASB. Entretanto, nos testes para cada pronunciamento foram encontradas, em alguns casos, evidências de associação para ambas as situações: aproximação e distanciamento das normas privadas, de acordo com a sub amostra analisada. / It was sought in this study to investigate how the public consultation process can influence the delimitation of the International Public Accounting Standards (IPSAS) issued by IFAC. Thus, it was possible to identify the participation of several worldwide agents, in addition to verify the link between the characteristics of suggestions submitted and its acceptance by the responsible agency. This research was based on theoretical conceptual the Tridimensional Theory of Law, developed by Miguel Reale, wherein fact, value and norm are present and are related consistently, dialectical and complementary throughout the regulatory process, in the case in question, the accounting standardization. The facts represent present situations in the context of each participant, which are, in its turn, oriented, among other factors, by ideologies and principles, which are the values. Already the norm is the result of the relation between facts and values and is represented here by the IPSAS. As a methodological approach, resorted to documental research, to the content analysis and to the quantitative analysis through the Chi-square test and the interpretation of standardized residuals. From the sample, composed by suggestions made in 123 letters, was identified 59 agents from many countries, and 76% were not owned by the IFAC members. Also, the institutions occurred in seven different grades, such as professional institutions, regional standardization bodies, government agencies. On the acceptance level of the submitted contributions, were counted 926 suggestions, of which 322 somehow, the IFAC held. Moreover, there was an expressive participation from Oceania with 29.5% of the contributions total and participation of the Accounting Standards Board (South Africa) and the Australian Heads of Treasuries Accounting and Reporting Advisory Committee (HoTARAC) and Australian Accounting Standards Board, and both institutions that most delivered contributions. Additionally, the quantitative approach, succeeded evidence of a greater association between the suggestions of non-members and acceptance by the IFAC. There was also a strong link between compliance and the contributions of type Form. Still, for the entire sample, there was no evidence of dependence between the level of acceptance and the fact that the items whether they are converging standards issued by the IASB. However, the tests for each statement occurred, in some cases, evidence of association for both situations: approach and distancing of private standards, according to the sub-sample analyzed.

The diploma thesis: "International Organization of Journalists (1946-1991)" deals with the history, development, aims and activities of the International Organization of Journalists in the period of 1946 - 1991. The introductory part of the text is focused on a resumption of the three most important international journalistic organizations established before 1946.