This study investigates the Web Impact Factors (WIFs) for Iranian universities and introduces a new system of measurement. Counts of links to the web sites of Iranian universities were calculated from the output of AltaVista search engine. The WIFs for Iranian universities were calculated by dividing link page counts by the number of pages found in AltaVista for each university at a given point in time. These WIFs were then compared, to study the impact, visibility, and influence of Iranian university web sites. Overall, Iranian university web sites have a low inlink WIF. While specific features of sites may affect an institution's Web Impact Factor, there is a significant correlation between the proportion of English-language pages at an institution's site and the institution's backlink counts. This indicates that for linguistic reasons, Iranian (Persian-language) web sites may not attract the attention they deserve from the World Wide Web. This raises the possibility that information may be ignored due to linguistic and geographic barriers, and this should be taken into account in the development of the global Web.

Web analysis is important task in web portals development. Web measurement can answer to many questions related to user activity. Web analytics is the study of whether the web site is meeting its diverse goals. Just as important, it is the presentation of the results to the various divisions of the company in a comprehensible format. The core of the web analytical system is built on traditional decision support technologies that are focused specifically on capturing, analyzing and reporting on web visitor data. In this work analyzed methods ant technologies required for web portal analysis system design. This paper compares possible data gathering sources and methods for reports creation. There is offered conceptual design of analysis system using hybrid data collection sources. System realization is used in KTU Computer Cathedral activity.

The extraordinary growth in both the size and popularity of the World Wide Web has generated a growing interest in the identification of Web page genres, and in the use of these genres to classify Web pages. Web page genre classification is a potentially powerful tool for filtering the results of online searches. Although most information retrieval searches are topic-based, users are typically looking for a specific type of information with regard to a particular query, and genre can provide a complementary dimension along which to categorize Web pages. Web page genre classification could also aid in the automated summarization and indexing of Web pages, and in improving the automatic extraction of metadata. The hypothesis of this thesis is that a byte n-gram representation of a Web page can be used effectively to classify the Web page by its genre(s). The goal of this thesis was to develop an approach to the problem of Web page genre classification that is effective not only on balanced, single-label corpora, but also on unbalanced and multi-label corpora, which better represent a real world environment. This thesis research develops n-gram representations for Web pages and Web page genres, and based on these representations, a new approach to the classification of Web pages by genre is developed. The research includes an exhaustive examination of the questions associated with developing the new classification model, including the length, number, and type of the n-grams with which each Web page and Web page genre is represented, the method of computing the distance (dissimilarity) between two n-gram representations, and the feature selection method with which to choose these n-grams. The effect of preprocessing the data is also studied. Techniques for setting genre thresholds in order to allow a Web page to belong to more than one genre, or to no genre at all are also investigated, and a comparison of the classification performance of the new classification model with that of the popular support vector machine approach is made. Experiments are also conducted on highly unbalanced corpora, both with and without the inclusion of noise Web pages.

According to Goldstuck (2008), there were 4.6 million Internet users in South Africa for 2008 year-end. This corresponds to a penetration rate of 10.5% based on an estimated South Africa population of 43.8 million (.internetworldstats.). Given this popularity, this qualitative case study has analysed the design of Web-Based Teaching and Learning (WBTL) environments designed by Educational Technology facilitators in South African higher education institutions. The conceptual and theoretical framework for this study presents Activity Theory (AT) as a theoretical framework together with constructivist learning. It also presents the different qualities and skills utilised for WBTL facilitators. AT involves three levels in a form of a hierarchy. The three levels are “the uppermost level of activity is driven by an object-related motive (or objective) [activity level]; the middle level of individual or group action is driven by a goal [action level]; and the bottom level of automatic operations is driven by the conditions and tools of action at hand [automatic operation]” (Engestrom, Miettenin & Punamaki, 1999) Constructivism is used as a theory of inquiry. The strength of constructivism was found to be in the five basic themes identified by Mahoney (2005), six elements of constructivism discovered by Gognon and Collay (1999), levels of interaction identified by Anderson and Elloumi (2004) and components of effective Web learning and characteristics of projects or tasks. The main components of effective Web learning are student preparation, student activities, student interaction and student transfer. While working with the Web in teaching and learning this study proposed the concept of considering The Tree Three Rings Theory (TTTRT) to be used as a solution for the practice. TTTRT works with the three schools of thought (behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism). The three rings are: (1) the use of search engines in teaching and learning (easiest ring), (2) use of Learning Management System in teaching and learning (LMS) (easier ring) and (3) designing the Web for learning (programming) (the most challenging ring). The analysis of Web for learning was done by incorporating the theoretical frameworks and theories of learning; the facilitators’ frames of reference; objects; tools; rules; community; division of labour; levels of operation; and the pedagogical issues. It can be concluded that South Africa has a special need for Web-Based Teaching and Learning (WBTL) or Web learning to take the formal education to those citizens that cannot attend full-time classes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

Many companies involved in the seed industry have launched ecommerce ventures, these include amongst others, Starke Ayres, Johnny's Selected and Opposition 1. Amazon.com is the undisputed leader in ecommerce retailing. There are various website design features that are available that can be used to enhance the users online experience; however the implementation of these features are inconsistent across ecommerce websites. The websites of Starke Ayres, Johnny's Selected, Opposition 1 and Amazon.com were evaluated against a list of website design features (best practices model) that would enhance the user's online experience when interacting with the website. The best practices model was setup considering the user enhancing website features that would satisfy the website functional requirements of Content, Communication, Commerce and Community, as well as user enhancement through the use of navigation features. The cluster analysis was conducted to establish the relatedness of the four websites for the implementation of the website design features identified in the best practices model. It was found that the websites used a varying number of website design features that would enhance the user's online experience. Also, none of the sites satisfied the best practices model completely, thus there is room for improvement even for Amazon.com. It was recommended that Starke Ayres and Opposition 1 commence the improvement of the website with the implementation of the low cost features which are relatively easy to implement as these would significantly improve the website without the requirement of large amount of capital. Significant investment of capital will however be required to improve the website so that it is at the cutting edge of website design. The website needs to be developed into a cutting edge website in the industry so that the company can develop its ecommerce venture into a strong competitive advantage. / Thesis (MBA) University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Entwicklung von AJAX - Was ist Web 2.0 / Social Web? - Anwendungen im Web die AJAX nutzen

The Internet is an essential resource to an ever-increasing number of businesses and home users. Internet access is increasing dramatically and hence, the need for efficient and effective Web server systems is on the rise. These systems are information engines that are accessed through the Internet by a rapidly growing client base. These systems are expected to provide good performance and high availability to the end user. They are also resilient to failures at both the hardware and software levels. These characteristics make them suitable for servicing the present and future information demands of the end consumer. In recent years, researchers have concentrated on taxonomies of scalable Web server system architectures, and routing and dispatching algorithms for request distribution. However, they have not focused on the classification of commercial products and prototypes, which would be of use to business professionals and software architects. Such a classification would help in selecting appropriate products from the market, based on product characteristics, and designing new products with different combinations of server architectures and dispatching algorithms. Currently, dispatching algorithms are classified as content-blind, content-aware, and Domain Name Server (DNS) scheduling. These classifications are extended, and organized under one tree structure in this thesis. With the help of this extension, this thesis develops a unified product-based taxonomy that identifies product capabilities by relating them to a classification of scalable Web server systems and to the extended taxonomy of dispatching algorithms. As part of a detailed analysis of Web server systems, generic queuing models, which consist of a dispatcher unit and a Web server unit are built. Some performance metrics, such as throughput, server performance, mean queue size, mean waiting time, mean service time and mean response time of these generic queuing models are measured for evaluation. Finally, the correctness of generic queuing models are evaluated with the help of theoretical and simulation analysis.

L'Internet est le réseau de transport pour les communications IP publiques. Ce réseau est formé d'environ 20 000 systèmes autonomes (AS) interconnectés, appartenant chacun à une entité administrative (un opérateur, une université, une administration, une entreprise...). Chaque AS a une connectivité totale vers l'ensemble des autres AS grâce au fonctionnement distribué du routage BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). Pour garantir la connectivité totale, les administrations des AS négocient des contrats économiques d'interconnexion bilatéraux dans lesquels les deux parties spécifient les différentes destinations accessibles via la liaison, les tarifs et si nécessaire les conditions à respecter pour la qualité et la disponibilité du service de connectivité. Le marché économique des interconnexions entre AS est auto-régulé par la concurrence. Schématiquement, les opérateurs historiques et les réseaux de transport IP fortement interconnectés sont avantagés dans les négociations commerciales, et les fournisseurs de contenu cherchent à minimiser leurs coûts et maximiser la qualité des liaisons. Les accords commerciaux établis entre AS ne sont pas publics alors qu'ils constituent une information clé dans les routages Internet puisqu'ils sont à l'origine des filtres et des préférences pour les routages de chaque opérateur. Dans cette thèse on propose de résoudre plusieurs problématiques de mesure et d'inférence liées à l'économie de l'Internet. Après une introduction à cette économie et à la technologie de routage BGP, on propose une revue de travaux existants dans lesquels les auteurs ont cherché à mesurer et inférer la topologie, le routage et l'économie de l'Internet. Nous traitons dans cette thèse trois problèmes d'inférence inter-dépendants : la mesure des politiques de routage BGP, l'inférence des accords d'interconnexion économiques entre AS et la modélisation des chemins de routage BGP. On propose un jeu d'outils qui apporte un soutien pour un opérateur comme France Télécom à la gestion opérationnelle des réseaux et une base de connaissance de l'économie de l'Internet. Cette base apporte des informations déterminantes lors des négociations d'interconnexion, pour l'étude des modèles économiques d'opérateurs et pour la régulation de certains marchés d'interconnexion.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein System entwickelt, welches die Zeit in das World Wide Web integriert, um einerseits die Evolution der Web-Seiten nachvollziehen und jeden vergangenen Stand wieder herstellen zu können und das andererseits eine Möglichkeit schafft, Ressourcen mit zusätzlichen temporalen Informationen auszustatten. Nach einer kurzen, den Fokus der Arbeit beschreibenden Einleitung, widmet sich das zweite Kapitel den grundsätzlichen Fragen der Zeitdimensionen im Web. Es werden Darstellungsformen von Datum und Zeit sowie die Möglichkeiten, Zeitinformationen mit bestehenden Webtechnologien zu integrieren, vorgestellt. Dazu werden Konzepte der temporalen Datenbanken auf das Web übertragen und gezeigt, dass durch Unterstützung der Transaktionszeit eine Versionierung von Web-Dokumenten ermöglicht wird. Kapitel 3 geht dann auf weiterführende Konzepte zur Darstellung von Zeit im World Wide Web ein. Es wird die Dublin Core Metadata Inititative vorgestellt und anhand von Beispielen gezeigt, wie derartige Daten in HTML-Dokumente eingebaut werden können. Im vierten Kapitel werden generelle Anforderungen an temporales Content-Management formuliert und eine Reihe von Ansätzen zur Erfüllung der Entwicklungsspezifikation beschrieben. Es wird gezeigt, dass keines der bisherigen Systeme eine wirklich zufriedenstellende Lösung anbietet. Deshalb wird in Kapitel 5 ein Prototyp eines temporalen Web-Informationssystems vorgestellt, der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt wurde und somit deren Kernstück darstellt. (Autorenref.)

ITPerl is a web authoring tool that enables users to add temporal features to intensional web pages. ITPerl adds temporal macros to IPerl, a Perl interface to the C++ intense library. ITPerl combines temporal and default logic with intensional programming. ITPerl is an ideal solution for many time-sensitive and rapidly changing web applications. When developing a site, a user can add a temporal section to a webpage by providing different versions of it and associating each version with a time constraint. When a webpage is requested by a browser, a time point will be sent, as part of the request, to the ITPerl module. This time point is by default the current server time, but can be any time specified by the viewer. ITPerl will then compare the time point with each time constraint. If the time point satisfies more than one time constraint, then ITPerl will choose the best-fit version of the section by finding the most refined constraint. A html page that contains this best-fit version of this section will then be generated and sent back to the browser. ITPerl is easy to use. It provides the user with high level macros that have a simple syntax and that generate temporal codes as cgi files. This frees the user from having to write the complex temporal code himself.