LL.M. (Commercial Law) / South African company law has seen many changes in respect of corporate rescue, due to inter alia globalisation, increase in open trade, instant and freer communication and the need for better regulation of companies and stakeholders. As a result, the previous rescue mechanism of judicial management was widely criticised and poorly implemented. The Companies Act 71 of 20081 has however now replaced judicial management with business rescue. Business rescue encompasses many facets, most importantly the moratorium in section 133. Section 133 has already, and will even more so in future, have a dramatic impact on the launching or continuation of any legal or enforcement proceedings against a company undergoing business rescue, the status and enforceability of its contracts and the rights of affected parties (ie creditors, shareholders and directors). This study will discuss the general nature and effects of rescue moratoria and the moratoria (or lack thereof) created under the Companies Act 61 of 1973,2 the 2008 Companies Act and the administration procedure in England. The moratorium under each relevant rescue procedure will be analysed according to its purpose, nature, effects and procedure. As such, this study will attempt to set out why the section 133 moratorium is the cornerstone to the business rescue procedure and vital in securing the turnaround of the company. The section 133 moratorium will, to a great extent, determine whether business rescue is a saving grace in South Africa. I will discuss why I welcome business rescue (and its moratorium) and consider it an improvement on judicial management, but also what I regard as its inherent weaknesses. This study will conclude with my proposals regarding prudent amendments that have to be made to the 2008 Companies Act.

LL.M. (Commercial Law) / The introduction of Chapter 6 of the Companies Act No 71 of 2008 into the South African corporate insolvency setting had a noteworthy impact on procedures as we knew it and replaced its predecessor, judicial management in terms of the Companies Act no 61 of 1973. Chapter 6 provides for business rescue proceeding, its main function being to assist and rehabilitate financially distressed companies. The significance of this chapter is that it promotes proactive action to be taken by companies in initiating business rescue proceedings when possible financial distress becomes apparent. Business rescue proceedings can commence by making use of S 129 of the Companies Act No 71 of 2008 or of S 130 of the Companies Act No 71 of 2008. S 129 allows for the board of directors of the company to pass a resolution permitting business rescue proceedings to apply to the relevant company. S 130, on the other hand, makes provision for an affected person to apply to the High Court with a query regarding a company and business rescue proceedings. A remarkable number of new provisions were introduced relating to business rescue procedures and with their introduction came the responsibility of our Courts to interpret its rightful place within our law. As a result, the valuable question of when our courts should aim to rescue a company and when to liquidate the company’s assets in order to settle its debts, must be asked. Both proceedings have the same aim; that is helping the financially distressed company pay its debts. However, both also employ vastly different methods to achieve their aims and with different consequences. Business rescue aspires to rescue the company by restructuring its financial arrangements in order to allow for the business of the company to be sold as a going concern. Business rescue further aims to help the company settle all its claims against it in full. Liquidation, on the other hand, aspires to sell all the company’s assets and divide the profit of the sale to settle the claims of the company’s creditors. The company will thereafter be dissolved. This dissertation aims to analyse the suitability of business proceedings compared to liquidation proceedings by purposefully examining the requirements for both proceedings as well as their advantages. Furthermore, this dissertation will provide for a comparative study between the Australian and South African business rescue proceedings respectively.

LL.M. (Commercial Law) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

<p>På senare tid har nya terapiformer med inslag av österländsk filosofi, dialektik och lingvistik trätt fram inom KBT-familjen. En av dessa terapier är Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT som grundar sig på en behavioristisk teori om språk och kognitioner, Relational Frame Theory, RFT. ACT innefattar en filosofisk grund där man ser lidande som en ofrånkomlig del av livet och förespråkar att människan ändå kan handla i riktning mot sina värden bland annat genom att odla acceptans och medveten närvaro. ACT har dock ännu inte nått det stöd i forskning som krävs för att en terapi ska kallas evidensbaserad. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka varför terapeuter ändå valt att arbeta med denna terapiform. Tretton verksamma terapeuter intervjuades och efter en tematisk analys framträdde resultatet att den bakomliggande filosofin, inriktningen på värderat liv framför symptomreduktion, den erfarenhetsbaserade behandlingsmodellen, betoningen på klient-terapeutrelationen och uppfattningen om RFT som en logisk och hållbar grund, var terapeuternas främsta motiv för sitt val. Begreppen evidens och diagnostik diskuteras i förhållande till tillämpad beteendeanalys.</p>

På senare tid har nya terapiformer med inslag av österländsk filosofi, dialektik och lingvistik trätt fram inom KBT-familjen. En av dessa terapier är Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT som grundar sig på en behavioristisk teori om språk och kognitioner, Relational Frame Theory, RFT. ACT innefattar en filosofisk grund där man ser lidande som en ofrånkomlig del av livet och förespråkar att människan ändå kan handla i riktning mot sina värden bland annat genom att odla acceptans och medveten närvaro. ACT har dock ännu inte nått det stöd i forskning som krävs för att en terapi ska kallas evidensbaserad. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka varför terapeuter ändå valt att arbeta med denna terapiform. Tretton verksamma terapeuter intervjuades och efter en tematisk analys framträdde resultatet att den bakomliggande filosofin, inriktningen på värderat liv framför symptomreduktion, den erfarenhetsbaserade behandlingsmodellen, betoningen på klient-terapeutrelationen och uppfattningen om RFT som en logisk och hållbar grund, var terapeuternas främsta motiv för sitt val. Begreppen evidens och diagnostik diskuteras i förhållande till tillämpad beteendeanalys.

This dissertation is the Health Food Act and the marketing research. For the biotechnology industry.Questions and Advertising and Labeling¡Aand penalty of the Health Food ACT. The major finding are as follows¡G 1. There are gaps among the common consumers. 2. To modify the Health Food Act that produces maxium output. 3. To popularige the Health Food Act and to safeguard consumers. 4. Corporations should improve the information on products and provide quality services and employ professional managers. 5. To consider the United States and Japan model¡Ato increase the Competitivenese in the world.

Expressing gratitude has a significant function in societal interaction. As Eisenstein and Bodman (1993) suggested, only when the function of gratitude is expressed appropriately can it ¡§engender feelings of warmth and solidarity among interlocutors¡¨ (p.167). However, compared with other widely discussed speech acts such as apology and request, the speech act of expressions of gratitude seldom drew researchers¡¦ attention. The present study hence focuses on investigating EFL (English as foreign language) learners¡¦ behavior in realizing expressions of gratitude on the basis of cross-cultural comparison of NS-Cs (Native speakers of Chinese) and NS-Es (Native speakers of English) in terms of perception and production performances. Data used for analysis cover 60 NS-E, 60 NS-C, and 60 EFL speakers¡¦ data elicited from Discourse-Completion-Task (DCT) questionnaire which consisted of 24 scenarios in which four contextual factors, comprising social distance, social status, gender of interlocutor and severity of the situation were embedded. Scale-Response questionnaire (SRQ) was designed to obtain two cultural groups¡¦ perception in terms of degree of imposition, degree of gratefulness, and likelihood of the expectation of benefactors. The EFL group was further categorized into two groups on the basis of proficiency level. Among each group, the number of male and female participants was even. The result of SRQ shows that both cultural groups generated the same tendency, that is, the greater imposition the informant felt s/he caused to the benefactor, the more grateful s/he felt and the more likely s/he thought the benefactor would expect receiving expressions of gratitude. NS-Es¡¦ perceptions on the likelihood of gratitude expectation and degree of imposition were significantly higher than NS-C group¡¦s. In terms of the contextual factors, NS-C participants were found to be more sensitive to relative social status while NS-E participants were more sensitive to relative social distance. The analysis of DCT data shows that NS-Cs and NS-Es generated similar strategies in gratitude-provoking situations and NS-E group generated greater amount of strategy use. Both groups generated more strategies and lengthier utterances in situations bearing greater imposition. EFL groups were found to generate similar strategy uses as the two cultural groups did. Accordingly, the occurrence of negative sociopragmatic transfer was rare while negative pragmalinguistic transfer was more observable. Some linguistic properties of transfer reflected the cultural orientation. Instead of pragmatic performance, proficiency level seemed to be influential in linguistic accuracy, amount of strategy use and length of utterances. The limitation of the study suggests future study conduct on natural utterances, oral DCT, introspective interview with the informants and further discussion on role-play data to get a more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of expressions of gratitude realized by NS-Cs, NS-Es and EFL learners.

Engagements homosexuels et lutte contre le sida au sein de l'association Act Up-Paris--Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie--Paris--EHESS, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 407-439. Index.

Thesis--Frankfurt University, 1977. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-205).