La obra pretende encontrar una explicación al estado actual de exigibilidad y vigencia de los Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales.

This thesis explores the interaction between virtual and actual realms in architecture through digital design process and developing environment qualities thereby. The focus will be on the projects that are designed in digital medium to be generated in physical environment. By examining the design attitude of selected four projects in this context, this thesis claims that the two realms of virtual and actual are interdependent. The framework of the study is based on Gilles Deleuze&rsquo / s definitions of &ldquo / actualization of the virtual&rdquo / , and &ldquo / realization of the possible&rdquo / . In this study, besides its connotations of digital technology, the concept of virtual is highlighted with its meaning of &ldquo / potential&rdquo / . The philosophical discourse on virtual and actual proves that the relation between these two realms has a potential to generate new conceptual fields. According to this study, for architecture &ldquo / actualization of the virtual&rdquo / , cultivates the &ldquo / unforeseen relations and new connections&rdquo / in terms of new understandings of space and time. This study introduces the conceptual pairs of form-unform, autoplastic-alloplastic space and linear-nonlinear time to develop discussions on the concerned process. The aim is to explore new space and time considerations both in the design process and in the physical architectural environment generated by this process. The emphasis will be on how responsive and interactive environments speculate the established conceptions of space and time in-between virtual and actual realms. This thesis claims that the architectural projects between virtual and actual are subject to break the traditional understandings of space and time.

The purpose of the study was to predict mathematics achievement with self-confidence in mathematics, actual work effort in mathematics, and perceived importance of work effort in mathematics, and to investigate the gender differences with respect to those variables. The study was conducted in Ankara, Turkey with 157 eight-grade students (87 boys, 70 girls) from a private school. The following measuring instruments were used: (1) Confidence in Learning Mathematics Scale, (2) Effort as a Mediator of Mathematical Ability Scale, (3) Homeworks and Mathematics Achievement Tests. The validity and reliability of the measuring instruments were tested by the researcher. The data of this study were analyzed by using Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results of the study indicated that (1) the combined effect of three predictor variables (Self-confidence, actual work effort, and perceived Importance of work effort) on students&rsquo / mathematics achievement was significant (R2adj=0.543). Girls&rsquo / mathematics achievement was significantly (R2adj=0.531) affected by three predictor variables (Self-confidence, actual work effort, and perceived importance of work effort). Whereas for boys, two variables (Self-confidence and actual work effort) were the predictors which had a significant combined effect on mathematics achievement (R2adj=0.539). (2) There was no statistically significant mean difference between girls and boys with respect to self-confidence, actual work effort, perceived importance of work effort and mathematics achievement.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23858号 / 工博第4945号 / 新制||工||1772(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 KIM Chul-Woo, 教授 高橋 良和, 准教授 北根 安雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

La préoccupation théologique et pastorale portant sur l’incisive question de la disjonction entre le message du mystère chrétien et la réalité de la vie humaine trouve une prise en compte favorable dans le concept de « théologie actuelle » émis par le jésuite Henri Bouillard depuis le siècle dernier. Ce concept concentre en effet toute une herméneutique théologique orientant sur un discours qui soit justement « ‘’à la gloire de Dieu’’ parce que défendant l’Humanum ». Comme une expression du combat contre « l’extrincésisme » en théologie, le concept bouillardien engage sur la voie d’une réflexion qui n’est pas un ‘’effet de mode’’, mais plutôt qui allie « sens et fait » dans une « logique de la foi ». Celle-ci, comprenant les « dogmes non pas (seulement) comme révélés, mais (surtout) comme révélateurs », fait de l’existentiel un « lieu théologique ». L’épistémologie connexe au concept de « théologie actuelle » induit donc la recherche de la « consubstantialité » entre le message chrétien et le contexte historique et culturel de l’existence humaine ; celle-ci étant considérée comme « la sphère aurorale du dévoilement » de celui-là. Le concept de « théologie actuelle » honore la vocation théologique comme « production d’un langage inédit, parce qu’elle ne peut redire (… son) origine qu’historiquement et selon une interprétation créatrice. » tel que le dit Cl. Geffré. C’est pourquoi de la pertinence de ce concept bouillardien découle son actualité au moyen d’une actualisation exigeante. / The theological and pastoral issue of the possible disjunction of the message of the Christian mystery from human life finds a favorable consideration through the concept of "actual theology" issued by the Jesuit Henri Bouillard during the last century. This concept concentrates in itself a whole theological hermeneutics inducing a discourse that is precisely "to the glory of God" because it defends the Humanum.As an expression of the struggle against "extrinsicism" in theology, the Bouillardian concept engages us into a reflection that does not follow the "latest fad" but rather combines "meaning and fact" according to the "logic of faith". The latter, including "dogmas not (only) as revealed, but (especially) as revealing," considers the existential reality a "theological place." Thus, the epistemology connected with the concept of "actual theology" leads to the search for the "consubstantiality" between the Christian message and the historical and cultural context of human existence, the latter being considered the "dawn sphere of the unveiling" of the former.The concept of "actual theology" honors the vocation of the theological science as the “production of an unprecedented language, because it can repeat (... its) origin only historically and according to a creative interpretation”, as Cl. Geffre says. That is why the relevance of this Bouillardian concept implicates its validity for today, by means of a demanding update.

The thesis reports comparison of soil seed bank with actual vegetation in alluvial sites of the upper stream of Lužnice river in respect to three biotopes. The study focuses on two different methods of soil seed bank investigation and aims to reveal the applicability of macrofossil analysis for palaeoecological records and its interpretation.

Submitted by Regina Correa (rehecorrea@gmail.com) on 2016-09-19T20:02:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseFMMH.pdf: 2044595 bytes, checksum: 6a8e11d50f54f599425dbcef1ad41b5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:30:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseFMMH.pdf: 2044595 bytes, checksum: 6a8e11d50f54f599425dbcef1ad41b5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:31:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseFMMH.pdf: 2044595 bytes, checksum: 6a8e11d50f54f599425dbcef1ad41b5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T12:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseFMMH.pdf: 2044595 bytes, checksum: 6a8e11d50f54f599425dbcef1ad41b5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The aim of the present study is to investigate the relations between the concepts of actual and virtual in the philosophies of Henri Bergson (1859-1941) and Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995). We, therefore, make a systematic comparison of the two authors‟ conceptions of temporality based on the three synthesis of time proposed by Deleuze in Difference and Repetition. First, we develop the idea of the living-present in both authors, which is defined as a profound present, i. e. a present equipped with a multitude of degrees or levels of duration through which the immanent relationship between consciousness, body and the material universe takes place. What Bergson and Deleuze call actual is basically the living-present. Afterwards, we study the past in both authors, in order to show that, according to them, our entire past experience is never actually lost, but remains somehow lodged in our immediate consciousness (Bergson) or is stored in a large ontological memory (Deleuze). What Bergson and Deleuze call virtual is constituted by this domain of the past (although Bergson, in contrast to Deleuze, never employs this term as a substantive). After presenting the two authors‟ conceptions of present and past, our aim is to show how they conceived the relationship between actual, virtual and thought. In Matter and memory, Bergson outlines a true theory of knowledge from his theory of actualization of pure remembrance, while in Difference and repetition, Deleuze suggests a complex theory of Idea and thought from his conception about the virtual. However, before studying Deleuze‟s theory of Idea, we concentrate on his third and final synthesis of time – the synthesis of future. Our aim is to show how Deleuze uses it in order to deal with some difficulties resulting from Bergsonism, especially in reference to the possibility of production of the authentic newness, i. e. the creation of something that cannot be reduced neither to the possible nor the past. / O presente trabalho visa investigar as relações entre os conceitos de atual e virtual nas filosofias de Henri Bergson (1859-1941) e Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995). Para tanto, empreendemos uma comparação sistemática entre as concepções dos dois autores acerca da temporalidade, tendo como norte as três sínteses do tempo propostas por Deleuze em Diferença e repetição. Primeiramente, trabalhamos a questão do presente vivo nos dois autores, pensado por ambos como um presente profundo, isto é, um presente dotado de uma multiplicidade de graus ou níveis de duração, através dos quais se dá a relação imanente entre a consciência, o corpo e o universo material. É basicamente esse domínio do presente vivo que constitui o atual para Bergson e Deleuze. Após isso, detemo-nos no estudo do passado em ambos os autores, mostrando como, para eles, a totalidade da nossa experiência pretérita não é jamais perdida, mas permanece de algum modo contraída em nossa consciência imediata (Bergson) ou em uma grande memória ontológica (Deleuze). Será esse domínio do passado que constituirá, para ambos, o domínio do virtual (embora Bergson, ao contrário de Deleuze, nunca utilize o termo como um substantivo). Após delinear as concepções do presente e do passado nos dois autores, buscamos mostrar como se dá a relação entre o atual, o virtual e o pensamento para eles: a esse respeito, Bergson esboça, em Matéria e memória, uma verdadeira teoria do conhecimento a partir de sua teoria da atualização das lembranças puras, ao passo que Deleuze propõe, em Diferença e repetição, uma complexa teoria da Ideia e do pensamento a partir de sua concepção do virtual. Porém, antes de estudar a teoria deleuziana da Ideia, concentramo-nos em sua terceira e última síntese do tempo – a síntese do futuro – procurando mostrar como Deleuze visa, através dela, responder a certas dificuldades oriundas do bergsonismo, principalmente no que diz respeito à possibilidade de produção da autêntica novidade, isto é, a criação de algo completamente irredutível ao possível e ao passado. / Processo Capes BEX 99999.008078/2014-09 / Processo Fapesp 2010/50103-2

Esta reseña no presenta resumen.

Abstract Air and soil temperatures, snow cover, serious snow load damage to coniferous trees, wind, topography and edaphic factors on the fells situated between 67°N and 68°N in Finnish Lapland are described and their influence on the location of the actual timberline and treeline is discussed. In addition the relation between annual climate conditions and pollen deposition in the timberline ecotone is analysed and the results of seedling density monitoring in the same environment are presented. The potential for the actual timberline and treeline to advance to a higher elevation is also discussed. The field studies were carried out on the fells of Aakenustunturi, Yllästunturi and Pyhätunturi. The average altitude of the actual timberline varies from 370 metres to 402 metres a.s.l. The actual timberline is hardly ever composed of a single tree species but featured alternating occurrences of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerpanovii). The mean tetratherms on the southern and northern slopes (+10.3°C and +10.1°C, respectively), the mean maximum tetratherm on the southern slope (+15.1°C) and the corresponding measures for the treeline (460 m a.s.l), the minimum tetratherm (+6.3°C), mean July temperature (+12.6°C), biotemperature (+3.3°C) and minimum effective temperature sum (455 d.d.), coincide closest with the results of earlier studies. The maximum altitudes of the actual timberline are dictated by many climatic factors on southern and western slopes with a gentle inclination, and the forest cover gradually becomes thinner, in which case the actual timberline does not form any easily distinguishable line. The lowest altitudes of the actual timberline are the results of an extremely high proportion of block fields, slope steepness and snow patches on the northern and eastern slopes. On the precipitous and rocky slopes trees have difficulties in taking root and in obtaining nutrients and water, while as a consequence of snow patches the growing season may be too short for tree growth at all, and if trees exist there they are suffering from low soil temperature and parasitic snow fungi. Serious snow load damage to trees evidently hampers any advance in the actual timberline, as do avalanches and mires. The location of the treeline is the result of a combination of a great number of unfavourable conditions for tree regeneration, seedling establishment and tree growth, such as inadequate snow protection, extreme soil temperatures, almost total destruction of trees by the snow load, wind pressure, an often inadequate effective temperature sum and length of the growing season, night frost in early summer, and poor, dry soil suffering from excessive evaporation. Actual timberline responses to predicted climate warming will differ greatly from site to site in relation to the local topography, edaphic features and associated ecological limitations. Any advance in the treeline to a higher elevation is likely to be slower and at least less certain than that in the actual timberline. In addition, advances in the actual timberline and treeline may even be prevented by phenomena occurring along with climate change. A potential key factor in this is serious snow load damage to the trees.

Qu'est-ce qui fait de la philosophie une discipline autonome par rapport aux sciences ? Centrale dans l’œuvre de Granger, cette question nous conduira à examiner l'opposition entre deux procédés : la structuration scientifique et l'interprétation philosophique. La première construit l'expérience dans des structures d'objets, tandis que la seconde la commente dans des systèmes de significations. Nous montrerons comment ces deux procédés prolongent une distinction plus fondamentale qui se situe au niveau même de la réalité : le virtuel et l'actuel. En reconnaissant que le parcours de la connaissance est un va-et-vient constant entre l'actualité brute de l'expérience et sa virtualité construite, le chemin de la science à la philosophie se tracera ainsi : au point de départ - les sciences formelles - lieu de naissance du virtuel ; à une étape intermédiaire - les sciences empiriques - moment de confrontation du virtuel à l'actuel ; à l'aboutissement - la philosophie - champ d'unification de la réalité dans la totalité de ses aspects. / What makes philosophy an autonomous discipline regarding sciences? Central in the oeuvre of Granger, this question will lead us to examine the opposition between two procedures: the scientific structuration and the philosophical interpretation. The first builds the experience in structures of objects, whereas the second comments it in systems of significations.We will demonstrate how these two procedures extend a more fundamental distinction that lies in the very level of reality: the virtual and the actual. Acknowledging that the course of knowledge is a constant back and forth between the crude actuality of experience and its built virtuality, the way from science to philosophy can be drawn as follows: at the starting point - formal sciences - birthplace of virtual; to an intermediate stage - the empirical sciences - moment of confrontation between the virtual and the actual; and ultimately - the philosophy - unification field of the reality in the totality of its aspects.