In this work, we develop an end-to-end neural network-based computer vision system to automatically identify where each person within a 2-D image of a school classroom is looking (“gaze following�), as well as who she/he is looking at. Automatic gaze following could help facilitate data-mining of large datasets of classroom observation videos that are collected routinely in schools around the world in order to understand social interactions between teachers and students. Our network is based on the architecture by Recasens, et al. (2015) but is extended to (1) predict not only where, but who the person is looking at; and (2) predict whether each person is looking at a target inside or outside the image. Since our focus is on classroom observation videos, we collect gaze dataset (48,907 gaze annotations over 2,263 classroom images) for students and teachers in classrooms. Results of our experiments indicate that the proposed neural network can estimate the gaze target - either the spatial location or the face of a person - with substantially higher accuracy compared to several baselines.

In this thesis, I examine the ways in which the local identity as "the Plague Village" that has been built up in Eyam over the centuries intersects with heritage tourism and the local heritage museum in telling the story of Eyam's history with bubonic plague. The key areas of investigation are: 1) tourism in Eyam and the interactions between visitors and village residents, 2) the role of the local museum and other heritage projects in defining and constructing Eyam's public identity, 3) the secondary function of the museum as a memorial site, 4) the strategies employed by the museum in the design, display, and presentation of its exhibits, 5) the specific ways in which the museum describes and displays "the Plague", and 6) the issues surrounding a specific aspect of the Plague discourse addressed in the museum, the CCR5-Delta32 genetic mutation, which was the subject of genetic testing in Eyam to study its possible connection to surviving bubonic plague. Drawing on tourism research and heritage tourism studies, museum anthropology, anthropology of science, and medical anthropology, I show the interconnectedness and the complexity of heritage tourism in Eyam and the ways in which Eyam Museum contributes to this. Key Findings: 1) Heritage tourism is far more complex than can existing theories regarding "the gaze" suggest, and in Eyam, we see that the gaze is part of the picture, but the work of the imagination and the attempt by visitors to physically place themselves within the history they seek to learn about by walking particular routes and visiting particular spots are equally important in understanding the driving force behind the type of heritage tourism found in Eyam. 2) The museum is a very powerful driving force in Eyam's tourism, and it is the museum which determines what story is told to visitors and in what ways. It tells a history, but it also serves as a memorial to the people who died in Eyam's Plague outbreak, acting in some ways as a sacred site rather than as simply a museum. 3) Eyam Museum uses a variety of display formats, including dioramas, artefacts in glass cases, charts and graphs, drawings, and text panels. Its heavy use of text panels and its distinct lack of interactive displays differentiate Eyam Museum from other museums in Britain and in museum studies literature, but the museum's memorial function combined with lack of space and low budget mean that interactive displays are not being considered as an option at this time. 4) The Plague and "the gene" are seen as biomedical concepts in some ways, illustrated through a variety of methods, but at the same time, they are seen in social terms, as the Plague is the story of great suffering and loss for the village that is associated with specific names and individuals' life stories, while "the gene" is considered as an object of hope and amazement for its relationship not to bubonic plague, but to HIV, a "modern-day plague", making this part of the story told in the museum relevant and exciting to visitors to Eyam today.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Luiz Fazilari.pdf: 664131 bytes, checksum: e87daa26e4987b43b1a50d66b2df6785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-13 / This essay aims to analyse Clarice Lispector s literary work, A Paixão Segundo G.H. and the short story, O Búfalo which is found in Laços de Família. It is intended the equalization concerning to the both of the literary works through the analyses of the secondary characters, depicting their relevance on conducing of the narrative cells. It will also be searched the role of the secondary characters in Lispector s plot, relating to the building and to the supporting of the main characters existential disagreement during the narrative course. It will be added to this work the research about some stylistic strategies applied by the writer, aiming at a harmonious uniformity argumentative, connected to a natural and creative production achieving its plenitude through an interchange between form and subject. It will also be prosecuted the dialog between literary theory and other sciences which arise in Clarice Lispector s works. / O presente estudo almeja à análise da obra A Paixão Segundo G.H. e do conto O Búfalo em Laços de Família, ambos escritos por Clarice Lispector. Pretende-se a equiparação destas duas obras a partir das personagens secundárias, revelando seu caráter significativo para a condução das células narrativas. E ainda, explora-se o papel destas personagens e sua relevância para a edificação e sustentação dos dramas existenciais das protagonistas no percurso narrativo. Inclui-se nesta pesquisa, a observação de algumas estratégias estilísticas utilizadas pela escritora, visando à consistência argumentativa, aliada a uma conseqüente produção criativa, alcançando sua completude através da inter-relação entre forma e conteúdo. Promover-se-á, ainda, o diálogo da teoria literária com outras teorias que despontam nas obras de Clarice Lispector.

This work reports the use of a head-motion monitoring system to record patient head movements while completing in-home exercises for vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Based upon a dual-axis gyroscope (yaw and pitch, ± 500-degrees/sec maximum), angular head rotations were measured and stored via an on-board memory card. The system enabled the clinician to document exercises at home. Several measurements were recorded in one patient with unilateral vestibular hypofunction: The total time of exercise for the week (118 minutes) was documented and compared with expected weekly exercise time (140 minutes). For gaze stabilization exercises, execution time of 60 sec was expected, and observed times ranged from 75-100 sec. An absence of rest periods between each exercise instead of the recommended one minute rest period was observed. Maximum yaw head velocities from approximately 100-350 degrees/sec were detected. A second subject provided feedback concerning the ease of use of the HAMMS device. This pilot study demonstrates, for the first time, the capability to capture the head-motion “signature” of a patient while completing vestibular rehabilitation exercises in the home and to extract exercise regime parameters and monitor patient adherence. This emerging technology has the potential to greatly improve rehabilitation outcomes for individuals completing in-home gaze stabilization exercises 1 .

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abstract: The emergence of social media in concert with improved camera and cell phone technologies has helped usher in an age of unprecedented visual communication which has radically changed the tourism industry worldwide. Serving as an important pillar of tourism and leisure studies, the concept of the tourist gaze has been left relatively unexamined within the context of this new visual world and more specifically image based social media. This phenomenological inquiry sought to explore how image based social media impacts the concept of the tourist gaze and furthermore to discover how the democratization of the gaze in concert with specific features of image based social media applications impacts the hermeneutic circle of the tourist gaze. This in-depth analysis of the user experience within the context of travel consisted of 19 semi-structured photo elicitation interviews and incorporated 57 participant generated photos. Six salient themes emerged from the study of this phenomenon; 1) sphere of influence, 2) exchange of information, 3) connections manifested, 4) impression management and content curation, 5) replicated travel photography, and 6) expectations. Analysis of these themes in conjunction with examples from the lived user experience demonstrate that the tourist gaze is being accelerated and expanded by image based social media in a rapid manner. Furthermore, democratization of the gaze as enabled by technological developments and specialized social media platforms is actively shifting the power role away from a small number of mass media influencers towards a larger number of branded individuals and social media influencers. Results of this inquiry support the theoretical assertions that the tourist gaze adapts to social and technological developments and demonstrates that the concept of the tourist gaze is increasingly important within tourism studies. Practical implications regarding the prevalence of real-time information, site visitation, and “taking only pictures” as sustainable touristic behavior are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Community Resources and Development 2019

Germaine Dulac's 1928 avant-garde film, La Coquille et le Clergyman, based on a script written by Antonin Artaud, presents the idea of the woman as an object of desire, subjected to the male gaze through the cinematic process. Not only is the lone female character the object of desire of her two male suitors on screen, but she also becomes the object of desire for the presumably male viewer of the film, who has become a silent character in the film. Rather than simply being the spectator, the viewer's own identity becomes entwined with that of the on screen characters. While the idea of the woman as the object of desire subjected to the often male gaze in the cinema has been analyzed by many feminist film theorists, including Laura Mulvey, Kaja Silverman and Mary Ann Doane, the theories presented center on films directed either by male directors or female directors since the 1970's. Very little has been written about films directed by women in the 1920's, including La Coquille et le Clergyman. By examining Coquille et le Clergyman, I hope to fill in a gap in the discourse of the majority of feminist film theory. This thesis will not only attempt to understand how Germaine Dulac, an early feminist film director, approaches the idea of the female body as an object of desire subjected to the male gaze differently than her male film director counterparts, but will examine how the relationships between the female character and the two male characters differ from other male directed avant-garde films from the 1920's and how these relationships affect spectatorship. By examining La Coquille et le Clergyman, I hope to better understand how Dulac's cinematic interpretation of Artaud's script treats the idea of spectatorship, not only in 1928, but also today.

This study examined how younger and older adults differ in their ability to discriminate between pairs of emotions of varying degrees of similarity when presented with an averted or direct gaze in either a neutral, congruent, or incongruent emotional context. For Task 1, participants were presented with three blocks of emotion pairs (i.e., anger/disgust, sadness/disgust, and fear/disgust) and were asked to indicate which emotion was being expressed. The actors’ gaze direction was manipulated such that emotional facial expressions were depicted with a direct gaze or an averted gaze. For Task 2, the same stimuli were placed into emotional contexts (e.g., evocative backgrounds and expressive body posture) that were either congruent or incongruent with the emotional facial expression. Participants made emotion discrimination judgments for two emotion pairings: anger/disgust (High Similarity condition) and fear/disgust (Low Similarity condition). Discrimination performance varied as a function of age, gaze direction, degree of similarity of emotion pairs, and the congruence of the context. Across task, performance was best when evaluating less similar emotion pairs and worst when evaluating more similar emotion pairs. In addition, evaluating emotion in stimuli with averted eye gaze generally led to poorer performance than when evaluating stimuli communicating emotion with a direct eye gaze. These outcomes held for both age groups. When participants observed emotion facial expressions in the presence of congruent or incongruent emotional contexts, age differences in discrimination performance were most pronounced when the context did not support one’s estimation of the emotion expressed by the actors.

Disability is a state which questions one’s social standing. Individuals with disability are often seen shunned and sheltered from the society. It is understood that one cannot expect the world to revolve around us, rather we make adjustments to make life smoother. This thesis looks at non-verbal communication strategies within one case study who suffers from Cerebral Palsy and multiple communication needs. The major share of the thesis looks at the multimodal communication where the communication and bodily gestures gain prominence.   Cerebral Palsy, in an overview, (CP) is a group of permanent neurological disorder that affects one’s body movement and muscle coordination, commonly seen in an infant stage or early childhood caused by the damage to the brain that hinders the brain’s ability to control movement and posture of the body. CP affects the outer layer of the brain that directs the muscle movements. Alongside a stationary characteristic, a lot of motor, sensory and intellectual impairments accompany the disorder. These characteristics mark the beginning of life for the CP injured and is seen affecting their physical, mental and social existence, limiting their abilities of motor and oral skills impairing the ability of speech. Physique alterations include changes in jaw structure, lips and tongue making it nearly impossible in articulating words (Geytenbeek, 2011). Communication is an integral part of any relation. Feelings and emotions are often conveyed through communicating it in two different ways- verbal (psycholinguistics) - that involves a lot of ideas, messages conveyed through words and speech for communication and non-verbal (psychobiological) - involves facial and bodily expressions. My prime target is the latter’s way of communication, how these non- verbal communication can be interpreted, how do the family members and personal assistants decipher the expressions and understand subtle nuances. The complexity of communication within this group is further intensified by the power structures and decision makers in the society. It also tries to look at different models of communication and the strategies to make communication effective among the disabled group. Communication is very mutable and through this dissertation I try to analyze techniques that gives visibility to varied experiences and turning them into representations of certain ideas. Also it tries to unravel the emerging problems within the communication arena, misinterpretations thus reaching a conclusive hypothesis that communication is constantly irregular and fluctuating according to distinctive time, person and space.

With a focus on multiracial perspectives on race, region, and sexuality, Quest for Blackness interrogates the efforts of diverse black subjects to transcend the objectifying limits of the white gaze and the effects of internalized hatred and destructiveness. To clarify the tenuous shift from object to subject, the first two chapters of this dissertation examine the formation of African American subjectivity within the prism of the white gaze, as it takes shape in novels by Eudora Welty, Lewis Nordan, Toni Morrison, and Bebe Moore Campbell. The following chapters probe the pernicious effects on black psyches that develop when African Americans unwittingly internalize any part of the white gaze. Tackling the controversial discourse that comedian Bill Cosby re-ignited with his comments in 2004 on the responsibilities of the black poor in improving their own lives, Quest for Blackness engages fully in the debate that erupted after Cosby's speech. Taking a stand, alongside other African American voices in literature, politics, and social activism, this study not only recognizes the interrelated issue of white racism and economic inequality but also calls for greater black accountability in addressing the pathologies that affect black communities. In airing dirty laundry, African Americans only strengthen their pursuit of equality and lasting, meaningful agency, a point that Z Z Packer, Alice Walker, and others powerfully demonstrate in their fiction. / acase@tulane.edu