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When an aspiring interior designer embattled with insecurity about her dirt poor upbringing becomes enamored with her fiancé's family estate–the wedding venue–she finds herself embroiled in the literal rot and decay festering within the dream location after visions of a ghost threaten her fairytale ending.

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This thesis investigates the connection between the spiritualist movement and the literary ghost story, both of which came to prominence and mass popularity during the second half of the nineteenth century. While existing critical literature has viewed both phenomena as symptomatic of a wider Victorian fascination with the supernatural and the nature and possibility of an afterlife, little attention has been paid to the relationship between the two movements. By examining spiritualist literature alongside the work of both canonical and lesser-known writers, I attempt to address this area. My thesis argues for an understanding of the post-1850 ghost story as a dramatic representation of a new conception of the dead largely created by spiritualism, and reads the appearance, actions, behaviour and narratives of literary ghosts as an ongoing reflection and discussion of this idea.

Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des ballotements dans les réservoirs de satellites à poste, lors des phases de manoeuvre à faible accélération. En effet la bulle de gaz d'hélium servant à pressuriser le réservoir se met en mouvement, générant ainsi des perturbations sur la stabilité globale du satellite. Afin de mener à bien cette étude, des méthodes numériques ont été développées, avec une méthode de frontières immergées pour prendre en compte les parois du réservoir.Le code est utilise la méthode Level-Set pour capturer l'interface, et gère les sauts à l'aide de la méthode Ghost-Fluid. Un solveur BlackBox Multigrid est également développé pour améliorer lesperformances de calcul. Une étude est présentée dans le dernier chapitre pour définir quelques lois de comportements en fonction des vitesses et accélérations générées lors des manoeuvres. / The core study of this PhD thesis is the sloshing in satellite tanks, during low acceleration maneuvers. Indeed the helium bubble used to pressurize the tank moves, thus generating perturbations on the global stability of the satellite. In order to understand this problem, numerical schemes have been developed, such as an immersed boundary method to model the tank wall. The numerical tool uses a Level-Set function coupled to a Ghost Fluid Method to track the interface and to account for the jump conditions.A BlackBox Multigrid Solver have been developed to improve computational cost. Finally a study is presented in the last chapter to predict the behaviour of the fluids with a varying rotational speed generated during some classical maneuvers.

Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation des interactions fluide-structure entre un fluide visqueux, incompressible et une structure pouvant être déformable. Après avoir présenté les différentes approches possibles de modélisation, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode de type frontière immergée : la méthode IPC ("Image Point Correction"). Combinant approches Ghost-Cell et Pénalisation, cette méthode mixte du second degré globalement et localement en vitesse, est validée sur différents cas tests (comparaisons des coefficients aérodynamiques pour des cylindres fixes ou mobiles, sédimentation 2D d'un cylindre). Nous avons ensuite appliqué la méthode IPC à la simulation de la nage. Dans un premier temps, le solveur 2D a été couplé avec un algorithme d'optimisation mathématique afin de déterminer la loi de nage optimale pour une géométrie de poisson donnée. Puis, dans un second temps, nous avons simulé la nage 3D après reconstruction approchée de la géométrie, basée sur des images du nageur. Enfin, grâce à l'outil du squelette, une reconstruction réaliste du poisson est proposée. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the modeling of fluid-structure interactions. The fluid is viscous and incompressible, and the structure is subject to an imposed deformation. After a survey of the different existing approachs to model fluid-structure interactions, we introduce a new immersed boundary method: the IPC method (”Image Point Correction”). This ap-proach merges Ghost-Cell and Penalty concepts. It is globally and locally second order in velocity, and it is validated through several canonical simulations. Then, we apply the IPC method to fish-like swimming. First, the 2D solver is paired up with a mathematical optimization algorithm to determine the optimal swimming law for a given fish geometry. Secondly, we simulate a 3D swimmer after performing an approximated reconstruction of the geometry based on actual fish pictures. Finally, thanks to the skeleton approach, a realistic reconstruction of the fish is exposed.

Lorsqu'une goutte impacte une surface chaude dont la température est bien plus élevée que la température d'ébullition du liquide, une couche de vapeur se forme et elle lévite au dessus de la surface: ce phénomène est appelé "Effet Leidenfrost". Dans cette étude, un nouvel algorithme permettant de modéliser les régimes d'évaporation et d'ébullition à l'interface liquide/gaz a été développé. En effet, dans certaines situations où les conditions thermodynamiques à l'interface sont très hétérogènes, la distinction entre les régimes d'évaporation et d'ébullition n'est pas toujours possible. C'est le cas de l'impact d'une goutte sur une surface chaude en régime de Leidenfrost. Dans ce cas, l'ébullition se produit dans le film de vapeur saturée piégé entre la goutte et la paroi, tandis que sur le dessus la goutte s'évapore au contact de l'air ambiant. De ce fait, l'ébullition et l'évaporation peuvent survenir simultanément dans différentes régions de la goutte. Les méthodes numériques classiques ne sont pas en mesure de prendre en compte ce régime transitoire. Par conséquent, un nouvel algorithme a été développé pour y parvenir. Cet algorithme a été utilisé pour simuler le rebond d'une goutte axisymétrique en régime de Leidenfrost. Les résultats sont ensuite comparés à des données expérimentales. / When a liquid droplet impacts on a heated surface at a temperature much higher than the liquid's boiling point, it floats above the surface due to a vapor layer formation: this phenomenon is called the Leidenfrost effect. In this study, we propose a novel numerical method which allows dealing both with evaporation and boiling regimes at the interface between a liquid and a gas. Indeed, in some specific situations involving very heterogeneous thermodynamic conditions at the interface, the distinction between boiling and evaporation is not always possible. It can occur when a droplet impacts a hot surface in the Leidenfrost regime. In this case, boiling occurs in the film of saturated vapor which is entrapped between the bottom of the drop and the plate, whereas the top of the liquid droplet evaporates in the contact of the ambient air. Thus, boiling and evaporation occur simultaneously on different regions of the droplet when it impacts a heated surface. Usual numerical methods are not able to perform computations in this transient regimes, therefore, we propose in this study a new numerical method to achieve this challenging task. This algorithm is used to simulate an axisymmetric impact of a liquid droplet in the Leidenfrost regime for different Weber numbers and the results of this simulations are compared with experimental data.

Thesis abstract This thesis will focus on the ways in which the transformations in nineteenth-century Gothic stories mirror the gradual changes in the Victorian society's notions about perception and about the metaphysical. The nineteenth century marks a time when advances in science made it clear that not seeing something does not mean that it does not exist, and when psychologists made it clear that seeing something does not necessarily mean it does exist. Moreover, the nineteenth century was a time when religious notions that were previously accepted without question started to be doubted. When people lost their faith in the unseen and at the same time became aware that their eyes are not sufficient to see everything and that their mind may play tricks on them, the notion of reality was increasingly problematized, which is made especially clear in the genre of the Gothic. It could be argued that while the basic tropes of the Gothic remain more or less the same; however, the way they are used, the reactions of the protagonists as well as the general outlook of the story are problematized by newly introduced ideas about vision and human mind. It could be said that in many cases there is no longer a clear boundary between the protagonist and the 'other' of the story, which can often be interpreted as an...

[pt] Câmeras de pixel único consistem em reconstruir computacionalmente imagens em duas dimensões a partir de um conjunto de medidas feitas por um detector de único pixel. Para que se obtenha a informação espacial, um conjunto de padrões de modulação são aplicados à luz transmitida/refletida do objeto e essa informação é combinada com o sinal integral do detector. Primeiro, apresentamos uma visão geral desses sistemas e demonstramos a implementação de uma prova de conceito capaz de fazer aquisição de imagem usando três modos de operação: Varredura, escaneamento por base de Hadamard, e escaneamento por base de Hadamard com sensoriamento compreensivo. Segundo, discutimos como os diferentes parâmetros experimentais do sistema ótico afetam a aquisição. Finalmente, comparamos a performance dos três modos de operação quando usados para a aquisição de images com tamanhos entre (8px, 8px) e (128px, 128px). / [en] Single-pixel imaging consists in computationally reconstructing 2-dimensional images from a set of intensity measurements taken by a singlepoint detector. To derive the spatial information of a scene, a set of modulation patterns are applied to the transmitted/backscattered light from the object and combined with the integral signal on the detector. First, we present an overview of such optical systems and implement a proof of concept that can perform image acquisition using three different modes of operation: Raster scanning, Hadamard basis scanning, and Hadamard compressive sampling. Second, we explore how the different experimental parameters affect image acquisition. Finally, we compare how the three scanning mode perform for acquisition of images of sizes ranging from (8px, 8px) to (128px, 128px).

<p>Similar to thermodynamic phase transitions in matter, readily apparent changes in optical response arise in the transition from isotropic to anisotropic optical phases. Treating the anisotropy of the dielectric permittivity as a control parameter, which changes continuously from zero to a nonzero finite value at the transition, in this work we describe the resulting effect on light propagation. </p> <p><br></p> <p>We begin by investigating a simple case of the manifestations of such optical transition in lossy media. In the presence of loss, isotropic materials do not support Brewster phenomenon, however, if one changes the anisotropy continuously, the exact zero in the reflection at the Brewster incidence angle is recovered. Next, in the case of uniaxial anisotropy, we uncover dramatic changes in far-field thermal radiation induced by the transitions between metal, dielectric, and hyperbolic optical regimes that can be observed in the same material. We demonstrate that continuous evolution between different ''phases'' in the electromagnetic response imprints a characteristic signature in the far-field thermal emission. Finally, we show that the evolution of the optical anisotropy from uniaxial to biaxial symmetry brings qualitatively new optical modes which are different from the conventional propagating and evanescent fields. These emergent ''ghost'' waves offer a unique way to control mode interactions in optical systems. Our work uncovers the connection between the macroscopic properties of the optical materials and the transitions between different regimes of the electromagnetic response in these media. At last, we propose a range of potential applications of the resulting phenomena, from perfect absorption in lossy media to thermal radiation and optical sensing.</p>