Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-21T13:29:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulosergiodecastronascimento.pdf: 3896961 bytes, checksum: 0b372ca459a14823ea250c1b708376af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T18:15:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulosergiodecastronascimento.pdf: 3896961 bytes, checksum: 0b372ca459a14823ea250c1b708376af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T18:15:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulosergiodecastronascimento.pdf: 3896961 bytes, checksum: 0b372ca459a14823ea250c1b708376af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-18 / O Controle de Intercâmbio de Potência Reativa (CIPR) é uma metodologia cujo principal objetivo é manter o intercâmbio de potência reativa de uma área em um determinado valor especificado. Tal esquema tem potencial para subsidiar o estudo do suporte de potência reativa fornecido ou requerido por uma determinada área e seu impacto na operação do sistema. Além disso, tal estratégia de controle foi elaborada visando o desacoplamento de controle de tensão e potência reativa da área, de forma a permitir uma maior eficiência de estratégias de controle coordenado de tensão. A sistemática básica da formulação matemática que será apresentada, foi inspirada especialmente no método de controle de intercâmbio de potência ativa entre áreas, onde múltiplos geradores contribuem para controlar o intercâmbio de potencia ativa em valores especificados, conforme descrito em [1]. A principal contribuição deste trabalho está associada a uma nova formulação aumentada, onde apenas uma equação adicional é utilizada para representação do controle de intercâmbio de potência reativa. A metodologia propicia uma grande flexibilidade, permitindo não só a aplicação no CIPR, mas também na modelagem de outros tipos de controles que necessitam representar vários equipamentos simultaneamente. Para a aplicação deste trabalho, a metodologia representa os vários geradores participantes do CIPR, com acréscimo de apenas uma linha e uma coluna na matriz jacobiana, sendo esta a principal contribuição deste trabalho. Adicionalmente, a metodologia apresenta grande versatilidade na incorporação e/ou retirada dos equipamentos responsáveis pelo controle, representando de forma eficiente as limitações reais dos equipamentos. O modelo matemático proposto foi testado em diversos sistemas testes, obtendo-se bons resultados. As simulações realizadas foram validadas usando o programa Anarede de propriedade do Centro de Pesquisa de Energia Elétrica (CEPEL). Os modelos de fluxo de potência e o núcleo principal da metodologia proposta foram desenvolvidos em MATLAB, auxiliadas por diversos programas para formulação e verificação dos resultados. Sendo os principais destes: Mathematica, Anarede, PSIM, linguagem R, Rstudio. / Reactive Power Interchange Control (RPIC) is a methodology whose main objective is to maintain the reactive power interchange of an area at a specified value. Such a scheme has the potential to support the study of the reactive power support provided or required by a given area and its impact on the operation of the system. In addition, such control strategy was elaborated aiming at the decoupling of tension control and reactive power of the area, in order to allow greater efficiency of coordinated voltage control strategies. The basic mathematical formulation, which will be presented, was inspired by the method of control of active power interchange between areas, where multiple generators contribute to control the active power exchange in specified values, as described in [1]. The main contribution of this work is associated with a new augmented formulation, where only one additional equation is used to represent the reactive power exchange control between two areas. The methodology provides great flexibility, allowing not only the application in the RPIC, but in other to generally model control strategies, in which the contribution of more than one device for a given control strategy is required. For the application of this work, the modelling represents the various generators participating in the RPIC, in which only one additional line and column in the Jacobian matrix is required, being this formulation the main contribution of this work. In addition, the methodology presents great flexibility in the incorporation or removal of a control device, which has reached its corresponding limit. The proposed mathematical model was tested in several test systems, obtaining good results. The simulations were validated using the ANAREDE program owned by the Electric Energy Research Center (CEPEL). The power flow models and the main core of the proposed methodology were developed in MATLAB, aided by several programs for formulating and verifying the results. The main ones being: Mathematica, ANAREDE, PSIM, R language, Rstudio.

Orientadores: Ernesto Ruppert Filho, Alfeu Joãozinho Sguarezi Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T13:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trindade_FilipeSarmento_M.pdf: 4372801 bytes, checksum: 51cf6a93426e65669c049bef356ed0a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, a crescente necessidade de novas fontes limpas e renováveis de energia elétrica provocou um grande interesse por meios alternativos às usinas elétricas convencionais. Entre eles, o aproveitamento da energia eólica. Nesse contexto, o gerador de indução de rotor bobinado tem sido bem utilizado com turbinas eólicas em todo o mundo devido à possibilidade de conexão do seu estator diretamente à rede elétrica e à possibilidade de controle das potências ativa e reativa através de conversores eletrônicos de potência conectados aos terminais do seu rotor, o que diminui a potência dos conversores para até 30% da potência nominal do gerador elétrico. Assim, a presente dissertação objetiva propor o controle das potências ativa e reativa do gerador elétrico com o uso de controladores por modos deslizantes utilizando a técnica de orientação de campo pelo fluxo do estator para realizar o controle independente dessas potências. Primeiramente, compara-se o desempenho do controlador proposto com o tradicional controle de potências por controladores PI, através de simulações computacionais da conexão do gerador à rede elétrica através de duas topologias de conversores: com apenas os terminais do estator conectados à rede elétrica e com os terminais do rotor também conectados através de conversores em anti-paralelo (back-to-back). Finalmente, o controlador por modos deslizantes foi implementado fisicamente em uma bancada experimental com apenas os terminais do estator do gerador conectados à rede elétrica para comprovação da proposta / Abstract: In the last decades, the increasing need for new clean and renewable sources of electric energy caused a great interest in alternative means to conventional power plants. Among them, the use of wind energy. In this context, the doubly-fed induction generator has been widely used with wind turbines worldwide due to the possibility of connecting its stator terminals directly to the electric power grid and its active and reactive power control possibility through electric power converters connected to its rotor terminals, which reduce the converters power capacity for up to 30% of the generator rated power. Thus, this dissertation aims to propose the generator active and reactive power control using sliding mode controllers using field-oriented control to perform independent power control. First, the performance of the proposed controller with the traditional PI power control controllers is compared through computer simulations connecting the generator to the electric grid through two converter topologies: with only the stator terminals connected to the grid and with the rotor terminals also connected to the grid through a back-to-back converter. Finally, the sliding mode controller was implemented on a laboratory assembly with only the generator stator terminals connected to the grid to prove the proposal / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientadores: José Antenor Pomilio, Edson Adriano Vendrusculo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:26:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_Newtonda_D.pdf: 5963220 bytes, checksum: 500403f704e8c3419c8550979ec0b925 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os filtros híbridos combinam o filtro passivo com o filtro ativo para a obtenção de um filtro que aproveita as qualidades de ambos. O filtro híbrido possui uma redução de potência na sua parte ativa e apresenta um melhor desempenho que o filtro passivo. Existem diferentes topologias de combinações entre o filtro passivo e o filtro ativo, cada uma com suas características. A topologia mais usual é aquela em que o filtro ativo fica em série com o filtro passivo. Neste trabalho será analisada a topologia com o filtro ativo em paralelo com o indutor do filtro passivo. A vantagem desta topologia é a divisão das correntes harmônicas entre ambos os filtros, o que não ocorre na topologia série. O funcionamento do filtro híbrido na compensação das harmônicas de corrente da carga é aprofundado, ampliando as discussões anteriormente publicadas, identificando novas características de operação, contribuindo no estabelecimento de procedimentos de projeto tanto do circuito de potência quanto de controle. Um estudo teórico da atuação do filtro híbrido em um alimentador industrial de média tensão descrito na norma IEEE 519-1992 (workbench) é também apresentado. Resultados experimentais de implementação em um protótipo são apresentados de modo a comprovar a técnica de controle usada e também avaliar a compensação de correntes harmônicas em situações distintas de carga e harmônico de tensão na rede / Abstract: Hybrid Filters combine the passive filter with the active filter to obtain a filter that takes advantage of the qualities of both. The hybrid filter has a power reduction in its active part and presents better performance than the passive filter. There are different topologies of the combinations between the passive filter and the active filter, each with its own characteristics. The most common topology is the active filter in series with the passive filter. In this work the topology that will be analyzed is one where the active filter is parallel to the inductor of the passive filter. The advantage of this topology is the division of the harmonic current between the two filters, this does not occur in the series topology. The operation of the hybrid filter in the compensation of the load harmonic current is improved, expanding the discussions previously published, identifying new characteristics of operation, contributing to the establishment of design procedures in the power circuit as in the control. A theoretical study of the hybrid filter performance in an industrial medium voltage power supply described in IEEE standard 519-1992 (workbench) is presented too. Experimental results from a prototype implementation are presented in order to check the control technique used and also to evaluate the current harmonic compensation in different situations of the load and harmonic voltage in the source / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that will integrate multiple buoys to a power take-off hub. The model will be derived using a time domain analysis and will consider the hydraulic coupling of the buoys and the power take-off. The derived model is reproduced in MATLAB in order to run simulations. This will give possibility to conduct a parameter study and evaluate the performance of the system. The buoy simulation model is provided by Wave4Power (W4P). It consists of a floater that is rigidly connected to a fully submerged vertical (acceleration) tube open at both ends. The tube contains a piston whose motion relative to the floater-tube system drives a power take-off mechanism. The power take-off model is provided by Ocean Harvesting Technologies AB (OHT). It comprises a mechanical gearbox and a gravity accumulator. The system is utilized to transform the irregular wave energy into a smooth electrical power output. OHT's simulation model needs to be extended with a hydraulic motor at the input shaft. There are control features in both systems, that need to be connected and synchronized with each other. Another major goal within the thesis is to test different online control techniques. A simple control strategy to optimize power capture is called sea-state tuning and it can be achieved by using a mechanical gearbox with several discrete gear ratios or with a variable displacement pump. The gear ratio of the gear box can be regulated according to a 2D look up table based on the average wave amplitude and frequency over a defined time frame. The OHT power take-off utilizes a control strategy, called spill function, to limit the excess power capture and keep the weight accumulator within a span by disengaging the input shaft from the power take-off. This is to be modified to implement power limitation with regulation of the gear ratio of the gearbox. / +46736290781

No description available.

Rozptýlená výroba elektrické energie využívající obnovitelné zdroje, jako je sluneční energie, přispívá ke snížení emisí skleníkových plynů. Z hlediska provozu distribuční soustavy je také výhodné, aby energie byla primárně spotřebována v místě výroby. To je částečně možné přizpůsobením spotřeby, ale především využitím akumulačních systémů. V této práci je představen hybridní systém složený z fotovoltaické elektrárny, akumulátoru elektrické energie a akumulátoru tepelné energie. Výběr a parametry všech částí hybridního systému jsou popsány v práci. Akumulátor elektrické energie je navržen a sestaven z LiNiMnCoO2 článků a řídícího systému zajišťujícího bezpečný provoz. Řídicí systém akumulátoru (BMS) zajistí odpojení baterie, pokud je překročen některý z provozních parametrů baterie. Návrh baterie i sestavy je popsán v práci. Akumulátor tepelné energie sestává z výkonového spínače a nádrže na teplou vodu s topnou patronou pro odporový ohřev vody. Na základě rešerše komerčně používaných zařízení pro regulaci příkonu byly definovány jejich nedostatky a na základě nich bylo navrženo optimální řešení. Řešení spočívá v použití komerčního polovodičového spínacího prvku. Pro tento výkonový spínací prvek byla vytvořena zpětnovazební řídící smyčka s regulátorem výkonu, který byl implementován v prostředí softwaru LabVIEW. V práci je také uveden postup návrhu chladiče spínacího prvku a LCL filtru, který je klíčový pro splnění požadavků elektromagnetické kompatibility. V druhé části práce je popsán návrh nadřazeného řídícího algoritmu, jehož úkolem je řídit výkonové toky v hybridním systému tak, aby byly splněny požadavky definované jak uživatelem, tak i okamžitým stavem akumulátorů. Algoritmus byl implementován v prostředí LabVIEW. Funkčnost celého systému byla ověřena měřením v laboratorních podmínkách. Z výsledků plyne, že nadřazený řídící algoritmus funguje správně. Řídící smyčka tepelného akumulátoru je stabilní a reguluje zátěž na požadovanou hodnotu. Přidanou hodnotou je kratší reakční doba na změnu toku výkonu oproti hybridnímu měniči a díky tomu dochází k minimalizaci přetoků elektrické energie do distribuční sítě. Na práci je možné navázat rozšířením stávajícího algoritmu o možnost řízení/ovládání více typů akumulačních jednotek a generátorů nebo implementováním odlišných strategií řízení.

本論文では，電力利用率向上と需給バランス調整に寄与する蓄電池付太陽光PCSの新たな制御法について検討を行い，その有効性を確認している。受電点の潮流に応じてPCSの力率を制御することで，逆潮流時には系統電圧の上昇を抑制しつつ，順潮流時には負荷への電力利用率を向上する手法を提案し，フィールド試験により有効性を定量評価した。また，受電電力の制御目標値を可変とする制御を用い目標値を最適化することで，新たな機器を付加する必要なく上げ下げのDRに対応し需給バランスを調整する制御手法を提案し，その有効性をシミュレーションおよび実機により検証した。 / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In a wide-area power system, detecting dynamic events is critical to maintaining system stability. Large events, such as the loss of a generator or fault on a transmission line, can compromise the stability of the system by causing the generator rotor angles to diverge and lose synchronism with the rest of the system. If these events can be detected as they happen, controls can be applied to the system to prevent it from losing synchronous stability. In order to detect these events, pattern recognition tools can be applied to system measurements. In this thesis, the pattern recognition tool decision trees (DTs) were used for event detection. A single DT produced rules distinguishing between and the event and no event cases by learning on a training set of simulations of a power system model. The rules were then applied to test cases to determine the accuracy of the event detection. To use a DT to detect events, the variables used to produce the rules must be chosen. These variables can be direct system measurements, such as the phase angle of bus voltages, or indices created by a combination of system measurements. One index used in this thesis was the integral square bus angle (ISBA) index, which provided a measure of the overall activity of the bus angles in the system. Other indices used were the variance and rate of change of the ISBA. Fitting a polynomial curve to a sliding window of these indices and then taking the difference between the polynomial and the actual index was found to produce a new index that was non-zero during the event and zero all other times for most simulations. After the index to detect events was chosen to be the error between the curve and the ISBA indices, a set of power system cases were created to be used as the training data set for the DT. All of these cases contained one event, either a small or large power injection at a load bus in the system model. The DT was then trained to detect the large power injection but not the small one. This was done so that the rules produced would detect large events on the system that could potentially cause the system to lose synchronous stability but ignore small events that have no effect on the overall system. This DT was then combined with a second DT that predicted instability such that the second DT made the decision whether or not to apply controls only for a short time after the end of every event, when controls would be most effective in stabilizing the system.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Lithium-ion battery is one kind of rechargeable battery, and also renewable, sustainable and portable. With the merits of high density, slow loss of charge when spare and no memory effect, lithium-ion battery is widely used in portable electronics and hybrid vehicles. Apart from its advantages, safety is a major concern for Lithium-ion batteries due to devastating incidents with laptop and cell phone batteries. Overcharge and over-discharge are two of the most common electrical abuses a lithium-ion battery suffers. In this thesis, a fuzzy-rule-based system is proposed to detect the over-charge and over-discharge failure in early time. The preliminary results for the failure signatures of overcharged and over-discharged lithium-ion are listed based on the experimental results under both room temperature and high temperature. A fuzzy-rule-based model utilizing these failure signatures is developed and validated. For over-charge case, the abnormal increase of the surface temperature and decrease of the voltage are captured. While for over discharge case, unusual temperature increase during overcharge phases and abnormal current decrease during overcharge phases are obtained. The inference engine for fuzzy-rule-based system is designed based on these failure signatures. An early warning signal will be given by this algorithm before the failure occurs. This failure detection and early warning system is verified to be effective through experimental validation. In the validation test, the proposed methods are successfully implemented in a real-time system for failure detection and early warning. The result of validation is compatible with the design expectation. Finally an accurate failure detection and early warning system is built and tested successfully.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Reliability of the wide-area power system is becoming a greater concern as the power grid is growing. Delivering electric power from the most economical source through fewest and shortest transmission lines to customers frequently increases the stress on the system and prevents it from maintaining its stability. Events like loss of transmission equipment and phase to ground faults can force the system to cross its stability limits by causing the generators to lose their synchronism. Therefore, a helpful solution is detection of these dynamic events and prediction of instability. Decision Trees (DTs) were used as a pattern recognition tool in this thesis. Based on training data, DT generated rules for detecting event, predicting loss of synchronism, and selecting stabilizing control. To evaluate the accuracy of these rules, they were applied to testing data sets. To train DTs of this thesis, direct system measurements like generator rotor angles and bus voltage angles as well as calculated indices such as the rate of change of bus angles, the Integral Square Bus Angle (ISBA) and the gradient of ISBA were used. The initial method of this thesis included a response based DT only for instability prediction. In this method, time and location of the events were unknown and the one shot control was applied when the instability was predicted. The control applied was in the form of fast power changes on four different buses. Further, an event detection DT was combined with the instability prediction such that the data samples of each case was checked with event detection DT rules. In cases that an event was detected, control was applied upon prediction of instability. Later in the research, it was investigated that different control cases could behave differently in terms of the number of cases they stabilize. Therefore, a third DT was trained to select between two different control cases to improve the effectiveness of the methodology. It was learned through internship at Midwest Independent Transmission Operators (MISO) that post-event steady-state analysis is necessary for better understanding the effect of the faults on the power system. Hence, this study was included in this research.