Os compostos semicondutores com alto número atômico e energia de banda proibida larga vêm sendo pesquisados como detectores de radiação X e gama, com alta resolução energética, operando à temperatura ambiente. O denominador comum dos materiais semicondutores, que operam à temperatura ambiente, é a dificuldade em crescer cristais com pureza química elevada e boa estequiometria. O desenvolvimento deste tipo de detectores semicondutores de radiação é ainda um desafio tecnológico e tem deparado com muitos fatores limitantes, tais como: material de partida com qualidade compatível para o uso no crescimento de cristal, baixa estabilidade do detector ao longo do tempo, oxidação superficial e outras dificuldades relatadas na literatura, que limitam o seu uso. Neste trabalho, estabeleceu-se a metodologia de transporte físico de vapor (PVT) para a purificação e crescimento do cristal semicondutor de Iodeto de Mercúrio (HgI2). Cristais de HgI2 com orientação cristalina, estequiometria e morfologia da superfície adequadas foram obtidos por essa técnica. Uma redução nítida de impurezas após a purificação pode ser observada e o nível de impureza presente nos cristais não interferiu nas suas estruturas cristalinas. Uma boa morfologia com uniformidade nas camadas da superfície foi encontrada nos cristais, indicando uma boa orientação na estrutura cristalina. Um estudo inédito foi realizado no Laboratório da University of Freiburg, sob a coordenação do Prof. Michael Fiederle, com o intuito de aumentar a estabilidade do detector de HgI2 ao longo do tempo. A aplicação de diferentes tipos de resina polimérica para encapsulamento dos detectores HgI2 foi realizada e estudada, no intuito de proteger o cristal de HgI2 das reações com os gases atmosféricos e isolar eletricamente a superfície dos cristais. Quatro resinas poliméricas foram analisadas, cujas composições são: Resina n 1: 50% - 100% de heptano, 10% - 25% metilcicloexano, <1% de ciclo-hexano; Resina n2: 25% - 50% de etanol, 25% - 50% de acetona, <2,5% de acetato de etilo; Resina n3: 50% - 100% de acetato de metilo, 5% - 10% de n-butilo e Resina 4: 50% - 100% de etil-2- cianoacrilato. A influência dos tipos de resina polimérica utilizada na espectroscopia de desempenho do detector semicondutor HgI2 é, claramente, demonstrada. O melhor resultado foi encontrado para o detector encapsulado com resina n3. Um aumento de até 26 vezes no tempo de estabilidade, como detector de radiação, foi observado para os detectores encapsulados com resina em comparação com o detector não encapsulado, exposto à atmosfera. / The semiconductor compounds with high atomic number and wide band gap energy have been investigated as X and gamma range radiation detectors, with high energy resolution, operating at room temperature. The common denominator of semiconductor materials, which operate at room temperature, is the difficulty to grow crystals with high chemical purity and good stoichiometry. The development of this type of radiation semiconductor detectors is still a technological challenge and it has faced many limiting factors, such as: starting material quality compatible for use in crystal growth, low stability of the detector over the time, surface oxidation and other difficulties reported in the literature, which limit their use. In this work, the Physical vapor transport (PVT) methodology for purification and growth of the Iodide Mercury (HgI2) semiconductor crystals was established. HgI2 crystals with crystalline orientation and suitable surface stoichiometry and morphology were obtained by this technique. A significant reduction of impurities after purification could be observed and the impurity levels present in crystals did not interfere in their crystal structures. A good morphology with uniformity in the surface layers of the crystals was found, indicating a good orientation in the crystal structure. A novel study was conducted at the Laboratory of the University of Freiburg, under the guidance of Prof. Michael Fiederle, in order to increase the stability of the HgI2 detector over the time. The application of different types of polymer resins for encapsulation of HgI2 detectors was carried out and studied, in order to protect the HgI2 crystal of reactions with the atmospheric gases and to isolate, electrically, the surface of these crystals. Four types of polymeric resins were evaluated, and each composition is : (a) Resin n1: 50% - 100% heptane 10% - 25% methyl cyclohexane, <1% cyclohexane; (b) Resin n2: 25% - 50% ethanol, 25% - 50% acetone <2.5% ethyl acetate; (c) Resin n3: 50% - 100% methyl acetate, 5% - 10% n-butyl and (d) Resin n 4: 50% - 100% ethyl-2- cyanoacrylate. The influence of the different types of polymer resins composition, used in the HgI2 detector encapsulation, is clearly demonstrated by the results of the gamma ray spectroscopy. The best results were found for the detector encapsulated with resin n3. An increase of up to 26 times in the stability period was observed for the detectors encapsulated with resin, compared to those which were not encapsulated and, therefore, had been exposed to the atmosphere.

O método de lavra câmaras e pilares é muito utilizado em minas de carvão subterrâneo, principalmente nos estados de Santa Catarina e Paraná, onde todas as minas subterrâneas utilizam este método. Vale ressaltar, porém, que o método apresenta recuperações de lavra abaixo de 50%, dependendo do tamanho dos pilares, e a produtividade é altamente dependente de uma boa concatenação das operações unitárias. Entre os aspectos relacionados à eficiência produtiva, a distância de transporte é um item preponderante no desempenho do sistema. Devido à profundidade da lavra, há um aumento do tamanho dos pilares de sustentação da mina, e assim, surgem problemas relacionados ao incremento no tempo de ciclo de transporte dos equipamentos. O aumento da distância de transporte entre uma frente de lavra com material desmontado e o alimentador/britador primário, reduz o resultado da produção de um conjunto de equipamentos. Em mineração a céu aberto, este tipo de problema é resolvido com o aumento da frota de transporte, todavia, na mineração de carvão subterrânea, não é possível aumentar de forma irrestrita a quantia de máquinas em subsolo, pois impactaria diretamente na necessidade de incremento da vazão de ar, assim como, limitação de espaço para o tráfego de equipamentos. A aproximação da distância do ponto de descarga para um local adjacente às frentes de serviço é uma alternativa para solucionar a necessidade de incremento da frota de produção. No entanto, o ponto de mudança deve ser avaliado de forma consistente para determinar o momento mais adequado para que essa reaproximação proporcione um resultado ótimo. Este estudo buscou compreender esta etapa necessária ao processo produtivo, utilizando técnicas de regressão para analisar o impacto da distância de transporte na capacidade produtiva. O problema foi modelado e foram propostas alternativas que forneçam um sequenciamento de lavra capaz de amenizar os problemas decorrentes do aumento da distância de transporte das frentes de lavra aos respectivos pontos de descarga. Os resultados demonstraram que a distância de transporte tem influência direta na produção, mas não somente a distância máxima, mas também, uma distância mínima que deve ser respeitada para obter maior produtividade quando se tem a associação de equipamentos de produção. É possível concluir com este estudo que a distância de transporte tem impacto relevante e deve ser considerada, não tão somente no sequenciamento, mas também no dimensionamento da frota e consequente capacidade produtiva. / The room and pillar mining method is widely used in underground coal mines. Santa Catarina and Paraná where all underground mines use this method. Indeed, the method has mining recoveries below 50% and the productivity is highly dependent on a good concatenation of unit operations. Among the aspects related to production efficiency, the transport distance is an important item on system performance. Due to the depth of the mine, there is an increment in the size of the underground supporting pillars, and consequently, problems related to the increase in equipment cycle times. The increase of the transportation distance between mining faces and the primary crusher reduces the result of a set of production equipment. In open pit mining, this problem is solved by increasing the haulage fleet, however, in the underground coal mining, the number of machines cannot be increased indefinitely because it would impact directly on the need of increased air flow. Therefore, the approximation of the distance from the discharge point to an adjacent location from the mining faces is an alternative to address the need of increased production fleet. However, the relocation point must be evaluated consistently to determine the most appropriate time to get the most from this approach. The goal of the study was to understand this imperative step for the production process, using regression techniques to analyze the impact of transport distance in productive capacity. Based on the experimental design used in this study, alternative proposals provide a mining sequence able to mitigate the problems from increasing transportation distance from mining faces to their discharge points. The results show that the transport distance has directly influence on the production, and it is not limited to the maximum distance. Likewise, a minimum distance must be respected for higher productivity when you have the combination of production equipment. So, it is possible to conclude that the transport distance has a significant impact and must be considered not only during the sequencing, but also when determining the fleet size and consequent production capacity.

This thesis presents a review of educational-escape-room literature followed by a design-oriented framework (the Snyder Escape Room Framework or SERF) and demonstrates the potential efficacy of escape-rooms in cybersecurity education. Several authors have proposed frameworks and guidelines for game and educational design regarding escape rooms. This work coalesces some of those ideas into a more substantial and comprehensive framework (SERF) that designers can use when developing educational escape rooms. The Snyder Escape Room Framework provides heuristics for goals and objectives, players, activities, context, trajectory design, and evaluation. Additionally, this work describes and analyzes the novel prototyped BYU GCC escape room experience and delves into some of what was successful and what could be improved. The first sessions of the experience were observed and documented, and an expert review was performed. Participants did not gain much confidence in learning new technology; however, they did increase their confidence in using new technology through the experience. Participants did indeed learn from the experience, however, participants focused more on team-related concepts gained from the experience rather than the cybersecurity concepts introduced through the escape-room activities. Based on overwhelming positive responses, participants seemed to enjoy performing the experience. The BYU experience is evaluated against the Snyder Framework as an example of how to use the framework while designing or as a tool for evaluating. Using this framework systemizes and catalogues design choices and implications on the room and provides an informed approach for refinement. Applying the Snyder Escape Room Framework to the BYU experience provides further insight beyond just an expert review, and the BYU experience is a novel example to use with SERF. SERF gives a vocabulary and set of heuristics that help designers zero in on important design decisions. Using the framework provides a well-defined set of attributes for discussing the BYU experience and helps clarify what went well with the room and what could be improved upon. This is especially helpful when iterating on room design. The nature of Snyder Framework and this work is that it is multidisciplinary and touches a wide array of related fields and topics. Of note, are the implications of this work on educational games. The SERF can be used as a resource when designing similar experiences while the analysis of the BYU experience based on the SERF provides an example of how the framework can be used for evaluation and iteration.

This thesis describes the development of the real-time convolution system (RTCS) for a little-studied talker/listener in virtual acoustic environments. We include descriptions of the high-resolution directivity measurements of human speech, the RTCS system components, the measurement and characterization of oral-binaural room impulse responses (OBRIRs) for a variety of acoustic environments, and the compensation filter necessary for its validity. In addition to incorporating the high-resolution directivity measurements, this RTCS improved on that developed by Cabrera et al. [1] through the derivation and inclusion of the compensation filter. Objective measures in the time- and frequency-domains, as well as subjective measures, were developed to asses the validity of the RTCS. The utility of the RTCS is demonstrated in the study on vocal effort, and the results of an initial investigation into the vocal effort data are presented.

Abstract The concept of waiting has received limited attention in the world of research. In modern society, waiting has become a commonplace event, especially in healthcare. Although the waiting experience can produce anxiety, healthcare environments can be easily manipulated in order to increase human comfort and reduce situational anxiety. One such way of accomplishing this is to introduce music to an environment. This paper will discuss the findings related to short wait periods, anxiety, and music within the literature, and the findings within this research study. This study found listener-selected music to be statistically effective in reducing anxiety for patients waiting in the exam room to be seen by a primary healthcare provider in an urgent care clinic.

Based on the latest research about how children learn, this book helps elementary school teachers make their classrooms into creative spaces that facilitate teaching and learning. It also delves into specific areas of classroom design such as use of color and plants, room arrangement, learning centers, and the impact of clutter. With before and after photos of real classrooms, teachers can examine each area and determine their own classroom's need for improvement. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1006/thumbnail.jpg

Book Summary: Chermak and Musiek's two-volume, award-winning handbooks are back in newly revised editions. Extensively revised and expanded, Volume II provides expanded coverage of rehabilitative and professional issues, detailing intervention strategies for children and adults. Volume I provides comprehensive coverage of the auditory neuroscience and clinical science needed to accurately diagnose the range of developmental and acquired central auditory processing disorders in children, adults, and older adults. Building on the excellence achieved with the best-selling 1st editions which earned the 2007 Speech, Language, and Hearing Book of the Year Award the second editions include contributions from world-renowned authors detailing major advances in auditory neuroscience and cognitive science; diagnosis; best practice intervention strategies in clinical and school settings; as well as emerging and future directions in diagnosis and intervention.

Using a multilayered qualitative approach I draw from hermeneutical phenomenology informed by autoethnography through a case study to illuminate the culture and community of three elementary art rooms through the lens of socioeconomic status. Through my own story of having limited art education as a child from a rural working class background I simultaneously tell the story of students from three economically diverse schools in the same district. Focusing on their experiences within the space of the art room, I explore the ways children negotiate identity, notions of class, and interpret the shared district art curriculum. A rich description of each school along with interviews and conversations with children elicit important dialogue in terms of how the curriculum, in both hidden and overt ways, promotes a particular art aesthetic. Through a digestion of image, story and interviews with administrators, teachers and students this project focuses on the importance of action research and revealing one's own identity as a teacher and researcher as one attempts to unfold the multifaceted space of the art room. Front and center, this project calls for relevant and meaningful curriculum tied to the interests and lives of the children. My attempt is to tell the stories of the children I was privileged to work with for a semester. My research is intermingled with my experiences as a public school teacher for thirteen years, partnered with my own multifaceted identity as artist/child/working class/mother/student/teacher/middle class/learner.

Abstract available in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.

Danish type swiss cheese has the characteristic "eye" of a regular swiss cheese and is similar in texture. The flavor is milder and has a softer body. Because of its milder flavor and softer body it is of interest for consumption. Because it cures faster than swiss cheese it has the added advantage of cutting down curing cost and thus requires a shorter time to reach the consumers. Another advantage is that it is made in small loaves or wheels which make for better handling, for it can be sold in both wholes ale and retail establishments without cutting before wrapping. Still another advantage of Danish type swiss cheese is that small equipment needed which is also adapted to manufacturing of cheddar cheese. The problem was to make better Danish type swiss cheese by applying different types and amounts of starters using Streptococcus lactis with a mixture of (1) Streptococcus thermophilus and (2) Lactobacillus bulgaricus and also to find the best combination of these bacilli and cocci. The influence of warm room temperature upon the eye formation and body and texture was studied. The Cheese was held in brine solution for different lengths of time to find the most effective salt concentration. Different temperatures were maintained in a warm room to find out which temperature was best for a higher quality of cheese. A pancreatic enzyme was added in different amounts to a few lots of milk before pasteurization, to find out whether it affects the body and texture and reduce the curing time. Pure trypsin was used in one lot to determine its influence on the quality of cheese.