Bakgrund: I Sverige och många andra länder stiger medellivslängden och andelen äldre av den totala befolkningen ökar. För äldre kan hög ålder medföra tilltagande förekomst av ohälsa vilket ökar deras behov av vård och omsorg. Under ålderdomen mister många sin livspartner, en erfarenhet som anses vara bland det svåraste att gå igenom i livet. Syfte: Att beskriva äldre människors erfarenheter av att ha förlorat sin livspartner. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats och deskriptiv syntes utifrån 12 artiklar. Resultat: Partnerns bortgång var en påfrestande känslomässig upplevelse som förde med sig konsekvenser för identitetsuppfattningen, förlorad känsla av mening och ökad ensamhet. Stöd från familj och vänner och att hålla sig sysselsatt hjälpte dem att finna ny mening i livet och komma framåt i sorgearbetet. Erfarenheten av att förlora sin livspartner ledde för många till en personlig utveckling med etablerande av nya livsmönster och en ny identitetsuppfattning. Slutsats: Förlusten av livspartnern var en omvälvande erfarenhet som innebar lidande och betydande förändringar i de efterlevandes livssituation. Genom sociala relationer och aktiviteter fann de ny mening i livet vilket hjälpte dem i processen mot försoning och upprättandet av ett nytt liv utan partnern

The topic of the thesis was chosen because of the work in the company of the Peat Spa Třeboň and a personal interest in a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this thesis is to show the current dietary habits of seniors over 60 on the basis of a questionnaire survey, to analyze their diet and meals based on the information obtained. Map the issue of seniors in our society, their lifestyle and leisure time for the clients of the Peat Spa Třeboň s. r. o. Based on empirical research and literature studies, a survey of this population has been demonstrated. The theoretical part deals with rational nutrition, variety of eating, lifestyle, nutritional values for the proper functioning of their organism and values influencing the health of seniors. A partial literary research is the pathophysiology of seniors nutrition and its prevention to health. The work methodology is an anonymous quantitative empirical survey. For a specific survey, an age group of over 60 years was selected. Of these, 58 % were men and 42 % were women. The survey was in the form of a questionnaire. In addition to sorting and lifestyle questions, the questionnaire was. Examples of questionnaires are provided in the annex. Number of questions 30 divided by diet, lifestyle. The first question was focused on the BMI index, which is closely related to the respondent's body weight. It follows that more than 74.5 % of respondents have higher than optimal weight, within 19 % suffering from obesity. Based on the questionnaire survey, bread was found to be an important part of the most popular bakery product, which is favored by 69.1 % of respondents. Regarding the consumption of vegetables and fruits, 32.7 % of respondents consume this group of food only 1-2 times a week. It is positive that 46.4 % of the daily consumption of vegetables and 45 % of the fruit are consumed. Of foodstuffs of animal origin, 18.2 % of the daily consumption of meat and meat products was confirmed, and 47 % of the dairy products preferred fermented dairy products. From the high number of overweight and obese respondents, it is positive that 76.4 % consume delicacies once a week and only 3.6 % a day, with 40.9 % responding to honey. The rational diet includes a drinking regime where 34.5 % of respondents recommended the recommended 2-3 liters. 28.2 % of respondents regularly eat 5 times a day, 81% of respondents are very positive about breakfast. 41 % of respondents prefer pastries for breakfast. 43.6 % of the respondents had some civilization diseases and 3.6 % had no overview of their condition. Another aspect was lifestyle, with 50 % of the respondents reporting daily physical activity. Regarding alcohol consumption, 43.6 % of respondents prefer to drink beer and only 16.4 % do not drink alcoholic beverages at all. 67 % of respondents had a recommended sleep time. Only 28 % of respondents use tobacco products.

This study investigates the role of mentoring and social capital in managing gender diversity at the senior management levels of the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland. Although the NHS employs a large number of females, they are not fairly represented at the senior managerial levels. The objectives of this research are: to explore whether there is a relationship between equal opportunities and managing diversity; to identify whether it is more difficult for females to progress to senior managerial levels compared to males; to investigate whether access to mentorship is likely to facilitate the career progression of females; and to analyse whether access to social capital is likely to assist the career progression of females. Hence this thesis is aimed to develop a framework for Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals to help to facilitate the career progression of women to senior managerial roles. The data for the study were collected from the senior level managers, who worked for one of the 14 NHS health boards in Scotland, namely, the NHS Tayside. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were the primary methods of data collection. Some documentary data on gender and ethnic diversity at the senior levels were also collected from the organisation. The questionnaires were sent out to 633 male and female senior managers, 242 complete responses were received. This gave a response rate of 38.23%. A total of 13 interviews were conducted, 10 of the interviewees were females and three were males. The areas that the research investigated were the relationship between equal opportunities and managing diversity, differences between male and female career progression, and the role of mentoring and social capital in female career progression to senior managerial positions. The analysis of the findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between equal opportunities and managing diversity. It confirmed that females find it more difficult to progress their careers to senior managerial levels compared to their male counterparts. Moreover, it established that there is a positive correlation between mentoring and female career progression. Similarly, a positive correlation is also found between access to social capital and female career progression. This thesis makes a number of contributions to theoretical and practical knowledge in the areas of Human Resource Management (HRM), Human Resource Development (HRD), Equal Opportunities (EO) and Managing Diversity (MD). To the best of the researcher’s knowledge no similar studies were conducted in the context of the NHS in Scotland. It contributes to the theory of diversity management by proving that there is a positive relationship between equal opportunities and managing diversity. It also offers original empirical evidence in support of the theories of human capital and social capital. It provides the Human Resource (HR) managers, practitioners, policy and decision makers, at an organisational level, a greater understanding of managing diversity in general and managing gender diversity in particular. This will help them to introduce and implement effective policies and initiatives to facilitate gender diversity at senior managerial levels.

This thesis deals with the aging of population and the possibility of adaptation of the elderly people to the social changes, particularly the changes of information and communication technologies. The aim is to analyze the position of seniors in the information society, focusing on the integration seniors into the society by voluntary education at universities of the third age. I will judge how U3A courses influenced the ability of integration seniors into the information society in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part is conceived as the underlying definition of basic terms used in the thesis the senior population, the information society and universities of the third age. The analytical part uses the method of questionnaire based on qualitative research and analysis of internal information from U3A by using my own observations.

Nutritional interventions as a prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in geriatric clients living in social services facilities Introduction: Pressure ulcers are chronic wounds caused by pressure and friction. This is localized area of cell damage caused by a microcirculation disorder. Prevention is essential especially for immobile clients who are easily creating and developing these chronic wounds. Clinical practice shows that client positioning, use of anti-decubital aids and good nutritional support is necessary. It is important to increase the supply of individual nutrients, especially proteins, and monitor their sufficiency for treatment and prevention. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis was devoted to the etiopathogenesis, classification, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers especially in terms of nutrition. The empirical part was focused on the examination of the nutritional status of clients with pressure ulcers (using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form questionnaire) and the concretization of the nutritional needs and the real balance of the clients with newly established pressure ulcers at the beginning and after three months of nursing. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis was to map, how many of institutionalized clients with pressure ulcers had sufficient...

Financial bribery and kickbacks are characteristics of corruption that are considered a serious threat to healthcare development in Nigeria. The influence of corruption leads to financial waste and negative health consequences for citizens. High demand for quality healthcare and other socioeconomic development infrastructures in the rural areas of the state provide opportunities for misappropriation of allocated healthcare development funds. Using Kingdon's multiple streams theory as the foundation, the purpose of this case study of a single city in Nigeria was to understand how state and city legislators and health administrators perceive the influence of corruption on senior healthcare development, its service delivery, and the lives of residents. Data were collected through interviews with 15 individuals representing older adult participants, state and city legislators, and healthcare administrators and publicly available government data. Following a root cause analysis framework, these data were inductively coded and subject to a thematic analysis procedure. Identified key themes from the study findings were (a) healthcare services, (b) poor infrastructure, (c) poverty, (d) healthcare cost, (e) government and corruption, (f) unpaid wages, (g) health centers, and (h) public and private hospitals. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to National Health Insurance Scheme to formulate policies that may improve quality healthcare service and delivery, improve communication between local government and residents, and reduce the high out-of-pocket cost of healthcare. These recommendations may enhance healthcare provider insight on equal healthcare access to seniors and the entire rural community.

The nursing shortage and high turnover rates are a problem in the United States. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore leadership strategies that hospital senior nurse managers in the Rocky Mountain states use to improve nurse retention. Participants were 6 hospital senior nurse managers including 3 chief nursing officers, 1 assistant chief nursing officer, and 2 directors who had demonstrated effective leadership strategies in retention of nurses. The leadership-motivated excellence theory was the conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews with open-ended interview questions were used to collect data; organization websites and documents were used to help corroborate evidence for triangulation. Data were analyzed using Yin's data analysis method. The major themes were leadership and retention strategies. The leadership strategies were senior nurse managers guiding, coaching, and mentoring registered nurses, and the retention strategies were tools used to motivate and retain registered nurses. The results may bring about positive social change by providing hospitals with leadership strategies to retain nurses. Improved retention rates of registered nurses may enhance the competitive advantage for hospitals by improving patient satisfaction scores and improving care. This improvement may result in increased hospital reimbursements and may influence organizational commitment to improving patient outcomes.

The objectives of this study were first, to examine the attitudes of L.D.S. (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; also commonly known as the Mormon Church) senior citizens living within the city limits of Logan, Utah regarding certain of their personal adjustments during old age (a personal adjustment score was derived from a scale developed by Cavan, Burgess, Havighurst and Goldhammer, 1949); and second, to determine whether selected variables were related to these attitudes toward personal adjustment. The variables examined in determining this relationship were chronological age, sex, marital status, the individual's definition of present health, length of time in current housing and the degree of social involvement. Each of the following four variables proved to have a positive, significant association with the personal adjustment attitudinal score--chronological age, marital status, the individual's definition of present health and degree of social involvement. The two remaining variables are sex and length of time in current housing. Neither of these latter two was found to be significantly associated with the personal adjustment score

Följande kombinerade studie är gjord på Region Jönköping tillsammans med kvalitetsregistret Senior Alert. Eftersom Senior Alert har en upplevelse att registret inte används i den utsträckning de själva önskar ville de ta reda på om detta var en sanningsenlig upplevelse och vad det i så fall fanns för orsaker till detta. Studien startade med en kvalitativ studie för att sedan skapa en bredare förståelse genom en kvantitativ enkät för att slutligen återigen göra en kvalitativ intervju med användare av registret för att skapa en djupare förståelse. Resultaten visade på att registret hade ett antal nyckelpunkter som kom att bli väsentliga för hur den teoretiska grunden och diskussionen skulle komma att utformas. Dessa nyckelord är Rutiner och arbetsprocess, Ledarskap, Utbildning och lärande samt Ålderns betydelse. Som senare kom att diskuteras i förhållande till tidigare forskning samt de valda teorierna, Sensemaking theory och Mintzbergs samordningsmekanismer. Detta kunde konstateras vara sådant som skulle kunna utvecklas för att göra användningen av registret samt innehållet mer komplett. Utifrån detta kan slutsatsen konstateras vara att det krävs en högre grad av samordning, tydligare ledarskap och mer utbildning inom Senior Alert och dess funktioner. Detta för att skapa mer kunskap och uppfylla Senior Alerts syfte att kunna föra pålitlig statistik på den information som samlas in och hämtas ur registret.

This investigation was prompted by a personal concern about what I perceived to be unacceptable practices and outcomes in senior secondary schooling in the Australian Capital Territory. For me, an unacceptable practice and/or outcome is one which could be said to contribute to social control by dominant elites. Liberation, in the sense of the acquisition of personal autonomy based on reason, and equality, in the sense of parity of esteem or the right of people to develop differently but within the parameters of concern for others, are the goals I seek in relation to education and schooling. They are goals which are ascribed to by many teachers, and which partially underpin the major reports which prompted and continue to influence supposedly reformist or progressive moves in secondary schooling in the Australian Capital Territory in the 1970's. However, an examination of the framework of these reports suggest that they concealed - non too deeply - contradictions and invalid assumptions which wider examination shows to be common also to what we can call the dominant or liberal educational framework. This framework of ideas, beliefs, assumptions, values and practices, has come under strong attack in recent years by those educationists, sociologists, historians and philosophers whom we can call Marxian. That is, those people who seek to understand and transform their world within a consciousness largely informed by those theories and insights which were first given major prominance by Karl Marx. It is a consciousness which I share. In my investigation of schooling, and of my part in it, as a teacher, I have come to the point where I think that the beliefs, assumptions, and practices associated with the dominant educational ideology do contribute to the formation of a distorted consciousness; that is, people in schools do not perceive that they are oppressed, and that public schooling does not work in what I consider to be the interests of most people. I believe, therefore, that radical change is needed. If we assume that the capitalist mode of production and, consequently, its concomitant set of social relations, are likely to persist in Australia, we can also assume that radical change will be very difficult, and a long term goal. However, I believe that teachers can play a significant role in the development of a more liberating and egalitarian form of schooling for all children. First, teachers have to develop a more critical view of the schooling process and in this way enable themselves to move beyond the limits set up by the traditional and dominant, liberal ideological framework. They have to develop a pedagogy based on the concept of consciousness-raising or critical thinking. This study represents the efforts of one teacher to do just that.