Physical infrastructure is required for health and security. Physical infrastructure also plays a significant role in development and economic growth. It may be seen as the foundation on which the expansion of agricultural production and subsequently industrial production takes place. Both of these are required to generate sustainable economic growth to support social welfare. This thesis examines methods of enabling low-income households and communities in low-income ('developing') countries to benefit from physical infrastructure.

The academic research into Project Finance lags far behind the practice of it. Project Finance, with limited or non recourse debt as its defining characteristic, has been growing tremendously since 2001 and is set to grow even further. This is due to the massive spend in infrastructure both globally and in South Africa, the need for private sector involvement and the limited capacity of corporations‟ balance sheets to fund such projects. Given this setting, this research aims to act as a catalyst for the development of a theoretical foundation of Project Finance in South Africa and to encourage further research. There were two phases to the research. The first phase consisted of an analysis of twenty two case studies on international projects that have used Project Finance, with the aim of extracting theories, principles and lessons that can be used to form a theory base. The second phase consisted of sixteen interviews with South African Project Finance industry experts, based on the theory from phase one, with the aim of exploring the current state of South African Project Finance. The first phase resulted in a broad description of the theory of Project Finance that can be used as an introduction to Project Finance or as a base for further research. The second phase produced a portrayal of South African Project Finance as it relates to the theory with specific recommendations for further research into Project Finance in South Africa. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Business Administration. Johannesburg, 2018 / The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of utilising marine resources in the economic development of coastal communities in the in Wild Coast located in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study identified marine resources that could be developed to sustain livelihoods through small-scale fishing and ecotourism within the rural coastal settlements. The study assessed diversified approaches to the utilisation of coastal resources and associated benefits in terms of employment creation, income-generation, food security, poverty reduction and health promotion. The Sustainable Livelihood Model was used to assess the feasibility of utilising marine resources in improving household income and reducing poverty. There were 50 participants who participated in the study. Of these, 26 were males (52 percent) and 24 females (48 percent). An interview schedule developed for this study was used to collect information from participants. Participants voluntarily participated in the study. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse demographic information provided by participants. The results showed that participants were interested and prepared to embark on income-generating projects that they considered feasible in the area. The business ideas that emerged from data analysis are cultural and heritage business, agro-tourism, small-scale farming, establishment of a conservancy, development of horticulture, legalising small- scale fishing and ecotourism, financial resource needs, fish farming, establishment of a fish market, developing accommodation facilities for tourists, infrastructural development, and acquisition of capital equipment for business development. A major recommendation of the study is the need to diversify livelihoods within coastal communities as a modality to build continuous economic activity due to the seasonality of fishing and tourism industries. Future studies could focus on the development of coastal resources for local communities in South Africa. Keywords: sustainability, income-generation, small-scale fishing, ecotourism / E.K. 2019

Sustainable Development of the former railway station in Lausanne

The aim of this qualitative interpretive study is to look into SDG implementation in Sweden from a governance for sustainable development perspective. This research is to be seen as a first attempt at mapping the state of governance for sustainable development in relation to SDG implementation in Sweden – further research is both necessary and welcomed in order to get a complete picture of the situation. Seven key components of governance for sustainable development developed by Gibson et al. (2005) are used as a theoretical framework for the study. Those key components are; policy integration; shared sustainability objectives; sustainability based criteria for planning and approval of significant undertakings; specified rules for managing trade-offs and compromises; widely accepted indicators of needs for action and progress towards sustainability; information and incentives for practical implementation, and; programmes for system innovation. Previous research as well as reports from organizations such as the OECD and the European Commission have been used to evaluate the state of these components in Sweden, primarily from an environmental sustainability perspective. Conclusions reached include that the main components relevant for Swedish implementation of the SDGs are: policy integration, shared sustainability objectives and widely accepted indicators for needs for action and progress towards sustainable development. Another conclusion drawn is that the level of fulfillment in some of these key components does not necessarily correspond with the likelihood of successful SDG implementation. Further research is being suggested for   a governance-related mapping of the social and economic pillars of sustainable development. Together with the environmental pillar they are essential for the holistic approach that sustainable development deserves.

Corporate sustainable development is placed between simplified interpretations and an overabundance of complexity and requirements that hampers implementation. Stakeholder Relations Management is one approach for the operationalization of sustainable development on the corporate level, which enables the inclusion of aspects of sustainability into corporate decision-making in a pragmatic way. However, stakeholder pressure and economic constraints lead companies to adopt only a small segment of the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, a referential framework is needed in order to regard corporate initiatives within the wider context of sustainable development on the theoretical level. The framework of sustainable development presented here, which was developed during a research project funded by the "Austrian Science Fund", takes the wide range of notions of sustainable development into account. Like a map, the framework depicts approaches to sustainable development and provides an overview of the aspects of sustainable development (scope) as well as the different levels of complexity that are associated therewith (depth). This framework is conceived as a tool to classify approaches to sustainable development in a wider context. (author's abstract) / Series: Research Paper Series of the Research Focus Managing Sustainability

Marmara Sea and Black Sea connected with renowned Bosporus surround Istanbul, the city, which owns the privilege of bridging Europe and Asia. Besides such inland seas; forests and wetlands fragmented around and in the city maintain the natural cycle in the region. However, Istanbul as a fast developing urban area witnesses environmental issues like many other urban areas in global scale. Rapid economic and population growth of the city increase the pressure on above mentioned natural resources. Sustainable development of built environment is one of the best solutions in order to mitigate environmental damages of urban areas. The solution comes with green construction projects and systems yet the city and the market itself have barriers to block or slow the process of sustainable development. Identification of such barriers and reviewing international sustainable development practices paves the way for generating recommendations for environmentally friendly urban expansion in Istanbul. Survey targeting market professionals was conducted to identify sustainable development barriers in Istanbul and in order to address such barriers the thesis refers to conducted interviews and international practices presented in the literature review. The thesis draws economic, market and governmental recommendations which are particularly focused on financial incentives, raising awareness and enacting green laws involving all stakeholders of construction and real estate market.

In the context of sustainable development, evaluations have particularly high relevance as complex issues have to be dealt with generally over an extended period of time. Furthermore, there is a growing demand to evaluate against the concept of sustainable development. Especially evaluations with sustainable development are a rather new type of evaluation, as the source of its evaluation questions and the criteria applied are rooted in the concept of sustainable development. Sustainability of a specific project or process is often highly case specific as sustainable development is determined by many often unique issues. However, evaluations would be highly inefficient, if they would have to be newly designed in every case. Thus it is necessary to determine and utilize the major issues for evaluations with sustainable development. This paper is part of a series of three papers - which can be used independently - that present the major common issues for evaluations with sustainable development in a Tool Box. The results presented here are based on outcomes of a research project funded by the "Austrian Science Fund". This paper presents practical problems related to the issue of complexity in evaluations with sustainable development. Notwithstanding the multiple challenges, the strategic options available are presented in terms of strategies. Especially commissioning agents, but also other evaluation stakeholders will find an overview and an assessment of the strategies regarding resources required, state of practical experience as well as their compatibility with the concept of sustainable development. (author's abstract) / Series: Research Paper Series of the Research Focus Managing Sustainability

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Sustainable development consists of three different dimensions, social, economic and ecological sustainable development. Social sustainability focuses on social factors such as human rights, democracy, health, education and gender equality. Economic sustainability can be understood as economic development which does not adversely be at the expense of ecological or social sustainability. Ecological sustainability focuses on the environment where production of goods and services does not compromise the ability of ecosystems. The different dimensions concerns different issues in sustainability work and there are different ways of wiewing their relationship.   Moreover, the issue of the study is to develop an understanding of sustainable development's dimensions from a holistic perspective. The aim is also to highlight the geography teaching in today's school, where the scope of the different dimensions is prioritized. This study is of a qualitative nature. The result is based on semi structured interviews with three teachers in geography. They show that the participant's views on sustainable development differ. Two of the teachers have a view that is based in the ecological dimension while one teacher sees sustainable development from a holistic perspective. The result also shows that teacher's perceptions of sustainable development affect the scope of the dimensions of their teaching. Common to the three teachers is that the social dimension gets the least space in the teacher's teaching.