<p>Sustainable development includes environmental, social and economic dimension, which has become an accepted concept at all levels of society. There is also a need for these dimensions to integrate with each other. To attain a sustainable development it has to be seen as a whole. The environmental objectives were established by Swedish parliament in 1999; however these objectives are only one of the steps in achieving a sustainable society. Swedish municipality are forced to use the environmental objectives for guidance in planning society. Municipalities have a responsibility to integrate environmental issues into political processes and at the same time contribute to an increase of the awareness about these issues. There is no guidance in the work with the environmental objectives and municipality have to work on the basis of their own environment and conditions.</p><p>The aim of this essay was to study the work of implementing environmental objectives in one municipality, with the focus on the objectives four and fifteen; towards an ecological sustainable development with support of the environmental work of another municipality. The focus of the work lays on the formulation of environmental objectives four and fifteen in order for them to be achieved without difficulty.</p><p>One conclusion is that none of the chosen environmental objectives are reached. The theoretical discussion highlights the importance of a communicative work between different participants and also information about the environmental issues on the individual level.      </p><p>This work was considered to contribute to future research concerning municipalities work with environmental objectives. </p>

Sustainable development includes environmental, social and economic dimension, which has become an accepted concept at all levels of society. There is also a need for these dimensions to integrate with each other. To attain a sustainable development it has to be seen as a whole. The environmental objectives were established by Swedish parliament in 1999; however these objectives are only one of the steps in achieving a sustainable society. Swedish municipality are forced to use the environmental objectives for guidance in planning society. Municipalities have a responsibility to integrate environmental issues into political processes and at the same time contribute to an increase of the awareness about these issues. There is no guidance in the work with the environmental objectives and municipality have to work on the basis of their own environment and conditions. The aim of this essay was to study the work of implementing environmental objectives in one municipality, with the focus on the objectives four and fifteen; towards an ecological sustainable development with support of the environmental work of another municipality. The focus of the work lays on the formulation of environmental objectives four and fifteen in order for them to be achieved without difficulty. One conclusion is that none of the chosen environmental objectives are reached. The theoretical discussion highlights the importance of a communicative work between different participants and also information about the environmental issues on the individual level.       This work was considered to contribute to future research concerning municipalities work with environmental objectives.

Det är allmänt känt att det sker en kontinuerlig ökning av världens befolkning och följden av detta är att städer växer kraftigt. Det medför en förtätning i stadskärnan och som en konsekvens sker en konflikt mellan grönstrukturen och nybyggnationer. Varje kommun strävar efter tillväxt och balansen för hållbar tillväxt är subtil och det är här intresset för uppsatsen grundar sig.  Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur stor plats grönstrukturen får i planeringen av Karlstads stadskärna. För att besvara syftet studeras förtätningens olika utmaningar, samt hur ekocentrism och antropocentrismens etiska synsätt uttrycks i planeringen. Synsätten skapar en förståelse för hur och för vem stadsrummet planeras för. Det finns en skildring i planeringen där antropocentrismen under en längre tid kritiseras av ekocentrismen. Det har genomförts en kvalitativ metod för att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna. En dokumentanalys har utförts, samt en gruppintervju med representanter från Karlstads kommun. Resultatet om grönstrukturen i centrum visar sig ha många likheter mellan de olika metoderna, vilket ökar uppsatsens trovärdighet. I samband med att staden förtätas minskar gaturummet och det leder till att det skapas en konflikt mellan olika aktörers intressen för platsens användning. Aktörer har ett stort intresse av en hög ekonomisk tillväxt och det innebär att grönskan värderas lägre i planeringen mot en hållbar stadsutveckling till skillnad från bostäder, verksamheter och parkeringsplatser. Grönstrukturen saknar riktlinjer i planeringen, vilket gör att grönskan är svår att motivera när samhällsplaneringen styrs av en antropocentrisk syn. Sammanfattningsvis skapar det svårigheter när grönstrukturens plats ska motiveras i Karlstads växande stad. / It´s commonly known that there is a continuous increase of the world´s population and the consequence of this is that cities are growing rapidly. This means a densification in the center of the city and a consequence of this is a conflict between the green structure and the new construction. Each city seeks for growth and the balance for sustainable development is subtle and this is where the essay found its interest.  The purpose of the essay is to look over how big influence the green structure gets in the planning of Karlstads city. In order to answer the purpose, the various challenges of the densification are studied, as well as how ecocentrism and anthropocentrism ethical approach is expressed in the planning. The approach creates an understanding of how and for whom the urban space is planned. There is a depiction in the planning where anthropocentrism has long been criticized by ecocentrism. A qualitative method has been implemented to answer the purpose and the questions. A document analysis has been performed, as well as a group interview with representatives from Karlstads kommun. The result of the green structure in the city proves to have many similarities between the different methods, which increases the credibility of the essay. In connection with the city being densified, the street space decreases and this leads to a conflict being created between the various developers interests for the use of the space in the city. Developers have an interest in high economic growth and this means that the greenery is valued lower in the planning for sustainable urban development, unlike housing, businesses and parking spaces. The green structure lacks guidelines in the planning, which means that the greenery is difficult to justify when the planning of society is governed by an anthropocentric view. In summary, it creates difficulties when the location of the green structure must be motivated in Karlstad's growing city.

Sustainable development consists of three different dimensions, social, economic and ecological sustainable development. Social sustainability focuses on social factors such as human rights, democracy, health, education and gender equality. Economic sustainability can be understood as economic development which does not adversely be at the expense of ecological or social sustainability. Ecological sustainability focuses on the environment where production of goods and services does not compromise the ability of ecosystems. The different dimensions concerns different issues in sustainability work and there are different ways of wiewing their relationship.   Moreover, the issue of the study is to develop an understanding of sustainable development's dimensions from a holistic perspective. The aim is also to highlight the geography teaching in today's school, where the scope of the different dimensions is prioritized. This study is of a qualitative nature. The result is based on semi structured interviews with three teachers in geography. They show that the participant's views on sustainable development differ. Two of the teachers have a view that is based in the ecological dimension while one teacher sees sustainable development from a holistic perspective. The result also shows that teacher's perceptions of sustainable development affect the scope of the dimensions of their teaching. Common to the three teachers is that the social dimension gets the least space in the teacher's teaching.

Syftet studien är att undersöka hur en skönlitterär barnbok öppnar för samtal om ekologisk hållbar utveckling med elever i årskurs 3. Barnboken som används ochanalyseras heter Lovis Ansjovis och jorden (2017). Den analyseras genom ett ekokritiskt perspektiv och boken läses upp för elever i helklass under ett lektionstillfälle. Efter högläsningen diskuterar eleverna tankar som boken gav dem. Deras funderingar skrivs upp i en tankekarta. Tankekartan, vår observation underlektionstillfället och textanalysen, ligger till grund för studiens resultat. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten som studien grundar sig på är ekokritik. Resultatet visar att Lovis Ansjovis och jorden främst skildrar ekologisk hållbar utveckling ur ett antropocentriskt perspektiv, med små inslag av ekocentrism. Eleverna visar under lektionstillfället med bokens hjälp en medvetenhet om ekologisk hållbar utveckling, som de kan samtala om.