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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Um ensaio em teoria dos jogos / An essay on game theory

Edgard Almeida Pimentel 16 August 2010 (has links)
Esta dissertação aborda a teoria dos jogos diferenciais em sua estreita relação com a teoria das equações de Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ). Inicialmente, uma revisão da noção de solução em teoria dos jogos é empreendida. Discutem-se nesta ocasião as idéias de equilíbrio de Nash e alguns de seus refinamentos. Em seguida, tem lugar uma introdução à teoria dos jogos diferenciais, onde noções de solução como a função de valor de Isaacs e de Friedman são discutidas. É nesta altura do trabalho que fica evidente a conexão entre este conceito de solução e a teoria das equações de Hamilton-Jacobi. Por ocasião desta conexão, é explorada a noção de solução clássica e é exposta uma demonstração do fato de que se um jogo diferencial possuir uma função de valor pelo menos continuamente diferenciável, esta será uma solução da equação de Hamilton-Jacobi associada ao jogo. Este resultado faz uso do princípio da programação dinâmica, devido a Bellman, e cuja demonstração está presente no texto. No entanto, quando a função de valor do jogo é apenas contínua, então embora esta não seja uma solução clássica da equação HJ associada a jogo, vemos que ela será uma solução viscosa, ou solução no sentido da viscosidade - e a esta altura são discutidos os elementos e propriedades desta classe de soluções, um teorema de existência e unicidade e alguns exemplos. Por fim, retomamos o estudo dos jogos diferenciais à luz das soluções viscosas da equação de Hamilton-Jacobi e, assim, expomos uma demonstração de existência da função de valor e do princípio da programação dinâmica a partir das noções da viscosidade / This dissertation aims to address the topic of Differential Game Theory in its connection with the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equations framework. Firstly we introduce the idea of solution for a game, through the discussion of Nash equilibria and its refinements. Secondly, the solution concept is then translated to the context of Differential Games and the idea of value function is introduced in its Isaacs\'s as well as Friedman\'s version. As the value function is discussed, its relationship with the Hamilton-Jacobi equations theory becomes self-evident. Due to such relation, we investigate the HJ equation from two distinct points of view. First of all, we discuss a statement according to which if a differential game has a continuously differentiable value function, then such function is a classical solution of the HJ equation associated to the game. This result strongly relies on Bellman\'s Dynamic Programming Principle - and this is the reason why we devote an entire chapter to this theme. Furthermore, HJ is still at our sight from the PDE point of view. Our motivation is simple: under some lack of regularity - a value function which is continuous, but not continuously differentiable - a game may still have a value function represented as a solution of the associated HJ equation. In this case such a solution will be called a solution in the viscosity sense. We then discuss the properties of viscosity solutions as well as provide an existence and uniqueness theorem. Finally we turn our attention back to the theory of games and - through the notion of viscosity - establish the existence and uniqueness of value functions for a differential game within viscosity solution theory.
42

Methodologische Aspekte biomechanischer Messungen unter Laborbedingungen: Eine kritische Betrachtung des gängigen Messprotokolls des Ausdauerlaufens

Oriwol, Doris 01 February 2012 (has links)
„Nun sag, wie hast du’s mit der Messung im Labor?“ So oder ähnlich lautet die sich anhand dieser Arbeit ergebende Gretchenfrage bezüglich biomechanischer Auswertungen und Studien des Laufsports, welche unter Laborbedingungen durchgeführt werden. Hierbei wird angenommen, dass eine Messung im Labor eine valide experimentelle Operationalisierung des Ausdauerlaufens darstellt. Aufgrund der räumlichen Begrenzung kann lediglich eine vergleichsweise geringe Anzahl an einzelnen Versuchen aufgezeichnet werden. Für die statistische Auswertung werden dann zumeist einzelne Parameter der Zeitreihen berechnet, welche wiederum zusammengefasst durch Mittelwerte den Probanden repräsentieren müssen. Bei der Verwendung von diskreten Parametern reduziert sich die aufgenommene Information der Zeitreihe dabei erheblich. Damit einhergehend muss die Frage geklärt werden, ob die Variabilität eines Probanden anhand diskreter Werte oder anhand der gesamten Kurve Beachtung finden muss. Des Weiteren stellt sich die Frage inwieweit das arithmetische Mittel über eine große Anzahl an Versuchen als die den Probanden repräsentierende Kennzahl verwendet und dessen Variabilität mittels einer endlichen Anzahl an Wiederholungen charakterisiert werden kann. Für die Untersuchungen wurden zunächst zwei Studien durchgeführt, wobei die Aufzeichnung von Bodenreaktionskräften und der Winkelgeschwindigkeit bei 100 Läufen an je zwei Messtagen im Labor erfolgte. Die statistischen Auswertungen umfassen sowohl die Betrachtung der Konvergenz von Folgen kumulierter Mittelwerte, Standardabweichungen und Root Mean Square Errors für diskrete Parameter und die gesamten aufgezeichneten Signale der Bodenreaktionskräfte und Winkelgeschwindigkeit als auch die Untersuchung von Prädiktionsbändern. Zudem wurden unterschiedliche Algorithmen zur Bestimmung der minimalen Anzahl an aufzuzeichnenden Versuchen entwickelt. Diese beinhalten nichtlineare Regressionsmodelle für die Anpassung der kumulierten Fläche der Prädiktionsbänder gesamter Kurven und die Analyse der Differenzen aufeinanderfolgender Standardabweichungskurven. Zusammenfassend geht aus dieser Arbeit hervor, dass die postulierte ausreichende und stabile Charakterisierung eines Probanden anhand des arithmetischen Mittels sowie der vollständigen und soliden Beschreibung der Variabilität für diskrete Parameter nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Für gesamte Kurven ergab sich ein anderes Bild. Die Probanden konnten anhand der mittleren vertikalen Bodenreaktionskräfte sowie der Bodenreaktionskräfte in anterior-posterior Richtung stabil und ausreichend charakterisiert werden. Für die Bodenreaktionskräfte in mediolateraler Richtung und die Kurve der Winkelgeschwindigkeit wurde dies nicht bestätigt. Die Möglichkeit der Charakterisierung der Variabilität eines Probanden konnte zudem verifiziert werden. Durch Beibehaltung der ursprünglichen Messprozedur ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit sehr hoch, dass der begangene Fehler den Ausgang der statistischen Auswertung beeinflusst und damit Eigenschaften der vorliegenden Grundgesamtheit unter Umständen falsch widerspiegelt. Von einer Verwendung des Mittelwertes diskreter Parameter sollte daher abgesehen werden. Der Fehler sowie dessen unbekanntes Ausmaß sind zum Teil unkontrollierbar und dessen Auswirkungen auf weitere biomechanische Kenngrößen nicht überprüfbar. Die Annahme, dass eine Labormessung als valide experimentelle Operationalisierung des Ausdauerlaufens angesehen werden kann, ist damit hinfällig. Es ist zukünftig notwendig, die Erforschung neuer Aufnahme- und Auswerteprozeduren, die alternative Verwendung gesamter Kurven und die Entwicklung neuer Testverfahren zu forcieren.
43

Capital as Master-Signifier: Zizek, Lacan, and Berardi

Sondey, William 08 August 2014 (has links)
No description available.
44

Introdução ao estudo da teoria valor-trabalho : analise da obra Miseria da Filosofia de Karl Marx / An introduction to the labour value theory : analysis of Karl Mars's Misery of Philosophy

Alves, Carolina Cristina 13 April 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Jesus J. Ranieri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T03:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_CarolinaCristina_M.pdf: 9345032 bytes, checksum: cc252f5b85bd38d32df8c9ec83f9c3a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação estuda a teoria valor-trabalho na obra Miséria da Filosofia de Karl Marx. Escrita em 1847, dentro de um efervescente contexto político, esse texto traz elementos que permitem ao autor, ainda de maneira incipiente. apresentar uma crítica à teoria valor-trabalho elaborada pelos economistas clássicos e, concomitantemente, apontar um desenho inicial da sua teoria do valor-trabalho. Esses elementos são: uma análise da realidade a partir de uma visão materialista da história, na qual se evidencia a interação entre o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas e as relações de produção; um debate com os socialistas da época, especialmente Proudhon, destacando o problema de ocorrer dentro do modo de produção capitalista a troca de quantidades iguais de trabalho; e uma sistematização dos estudos econômicos na qual a teoria do valor-trabalho é "admitida" como a mediação necessária para o entendimento da origem da acumulação de riqueza, apesar do autor ainda se encontrar longe da descoberta da mais-valia / Abstract: This dissertation deals with Marx's labour-value theory in his Misery of Philosophy. Written in 1847 in a boisterous political context this text brings elements that make possible for the author to present a yet inchoate criticism to the theory of labour-value elaborated by the classical economists, and to indicate an initial outline of his theory of labour-value. These elements are: an analysis of reality from a materialistic view of history, wherein the interaction between the development of productive forces and productive relations are evinced; a debate with the socialists of his time, particularly Proudhon, pinpointing the problem of exchange of equal quantities of labour to occur in the capitalist mode ofproduction; and a systematization ofthe economic studies, where the theory of labour-value is "taken for granted" as the necessary mediation for the understanding of the origin of accumulation of wealth, notwithstanding the author is still far from discovering the conception of surplus-value / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia
45

Ilokuční modulace výpovědi: případová studie vazby estar + gerundium / Illocutionary Modulation of the Utterance. The Case of estar + gerundio

Laurencio Tacoronte, Ariel January 2018 (has links)
The studies of the different forms and structures of language usually take for granted that these refer to non-linguistic entities, i.e., that language reflects the world. In the case of verbal devices, such entities happen to be time, aktionsart or aspect. In view of the proven impossibility of giving an accurate account of the behavior of such devices by means of these categories, disquisitions and further elucidations are perpetuated, what complicates the pro- blem to not very judicious levels. Moreover, because the conclusions reached get equally in conflict with a linguistic reality which resists them, contradicts them. So there is no other choice left than to declare exceptions or special uses, or banish the insubordinate segments to the periphery of the system. Our first goal will therefore be the previous establishment of a theoretical framework, as a cure for the a posteriori theorizing based on what is seen on the surface, which would allow us to assign a possible invariant central value to linguistic elements, for which we will rely on the metaoperational system of H. Adamczewski. In it, such elements are operators defined by their belonging to one of two phases in the process of utterance assembly, namely, by a rhematic character, of proposition of the information, or by a thematic...
46

Die Theorie der komparativen Kostenvorteile und das Wertgesetz: Die Erklärung internationaler Warenaustauschverhältnisse im Rahmen der Ricardoschen, der neoklassischen und der Marxschen Theorie

Richter, Fabian 20 May 2015 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Theorie der komparativen Kostenvorteile, sowohl in ihrer Originalversion von David Ricardo als auch in der neoklassischen Variante, erläutert und der Marxschen Erklärung internationaler Warentauschverhältnisse gegenübergestellt. Theoretische und empirische Gründe sprechen für die Überlegenheit der Marxschen Theorie.:1. Einleitung 2. Die klassische Theorie der komparativen Kostenvorteile 3. Die neoklassische Theorie der komparativen Kostenvorteile 4. Karl Marx: Die Weiterentwicklung des klassischen Paradigmas 5. Das Wertgesetz und die internationalen Tauschverhältnisse 6. Zusammenfassung und resultierende Politikempfehlungen
47

Saggi sulla Teoria della Dinamica Economica Strutturale - crescita, progresso tecnico, e domanda effettiva / Essays on the theory of structural economic dynamics: technical progress, growth, and effective demand

GARBELLINI, NADIA 21 February 2011 (has links)
La presente tesi ha due scopi paralleli. In primo luogo, intende essere una rilettura concettuale attraverso di `Structural Change and Economic Growth' (Pasinetti 1981), alla luce del chiarimento di alcune questioni sia metodologiche che concettuali, e della contestualizzazione dell'opera all'interno dell'intero percorso intellettuale che, dal 1962 al 1988, ha condotto Pasinetti alla definizione esplicita e rigorosa del concetto di settore verticalmente iper-integrato. In secondo luogo, fornisce una generalizzazione dell'intero schema teorico sviluppato da Pasinetti (1981), attraverso la reintroduzione dell'intero insieme delle relazioni inter-industriali, la riformulazione per mezzo di matrici partizionate, e la presentazione dei sistemi dei prezzi e delle quantità in termini di ricerca di autovalori e autovettori. La parte dinamica dell'analisi è stata generalizzata con la discretizzazione del tempo, originariamente continuo, e l'introduzione di saggi di crescita non stabili delle variabili esogene. Il primo e l'ultimo capitolo sono dedicati al raggiungimento del primo obiettivo; il secondo e il terzo a quello del secondo. / The present dissertation has two parallel aims. First of all, it intends to provide a conceptual excursus through Pasinetti's `Structural Change and Economic Growth', in the light of the clarification of some methodological and conceptual issues, and of the contextualisation of the book within the whole intellectual path, going from 1962 to 1988, which led Pasinetti to the completion of the explicit and rigorous definition of the concept of vertically hyper-integrated sector. Secondly, it performs a generalisation of the whole theoretical framework put forward by Pasinetti (1981), through the re-introduction of the whole set of inter-industry relations, the reformulation by means of partitioned matrices, and the restatement of the price and quantity systems as eigenproblems. The dynamic part of the analysis is generalised by the introduction of discrete, rather than continuous, time, and of non-steady rates of change of the exogenous variables. The first and the last chapters are devoted to the achievement of the first task; the second and the third to that of the second.

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