Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-15T13:58:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Caio_Morais_UFPE_biblccs_v4_07.pdf: 2958381 bytes, checksum: 1504e0cbe3d131daab3b28990bf82f6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T13:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Caio_Morais_UFPE_biblccs_v4_07.pdf: 2958381 bytes, checksum: 1504e0cbe3d131daab3b28990bf82f6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / FACEPE / A sobrevivência de pacientes com lesões no sistema nervoso central é geralmente acompanhada de sequelas físicas e mentais, que favorecem a restrição prolongada ao leito, e podem prejudicar a função pulmonar. As técnicas de Breath stacking (BS) e Pressão Expiratória Positiva nas Vias Aéreas (EPAP) têm sido usadas como rotina terapêutica para evitar o surgimento de complicações respiratórias. No entanto, existe uma lacuna na descrição fisiológica dessas técnicas e no efeito sobre a expansão pulmonar (ganho de aeração) em pacientes não cooperativos com restrição prolongada ao leito. Esta dissertação apresenta dois artigos originais. O primeiro foi um estudo fisiológico que objetivou descrever o comportamento da distribuição do fluxo de ar dentro dos pulmões, através da tomografia de impedância elétrica (TIE), durante as técnicas de BS e EPAP em 10 pacientes não cooperativos e em 10 indivíduos saudáveis. Foi observada a transferência do fluxo de ar entre as regiões ventral e dorsal durante as técnicas apenas no grupo de pacientes não cooperativos. Os períodos com a inversão da direção do fluxo aéreo ocorreram na ausência de variações significativas do volume corrente, sugerindo a existência do fenômeno “pendelluft”. O segundo estudo foi um ensaio clínico randomizado do tipo crossover que comparou o efeito agudo do BS e do EPAP na aeração pulmonar regional através da TIE, e a duração do efeito terapêutico de expansão pulmonar. Observou-se que a aeração do pulmão aumentou significativamente em comparação com os valores basais durante a EPAP e BS (ANOVA two-way e teste post hoc de Sidak, p <0,001). No entanto, os efeitos sobre a expansão de pulmão foram mantidos durante um curto período de tempo, 4,6 ± 3,7 minutos e 2,3 ± 2,0 minutos para EPAP e BS, respectivamente. Concluímos que durante as técnicas BS e EPAP houve a presença do fenômeno “pendelluft” no grupo de pacientes não cooperativos. Essas técnicas geraram mudanças significativas nos volumes pulmonares, contudo, não duráveis. A existência de contração abdominal pode ter minimizado o efeito de expansão pulmonar proposto por estas técnicas. / The survival of patients with lesions in the central nervous system is usually accompanied by physical and mental sequelae. These impairments favor the prolonged restriction to the bed, which may contribute with changes in respiratory function. Breath Stacking (BS) and Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) have been used as a prophylaxis routine to prevent respiratory complications. However, there is a gap in the physiological description and in the effect on lung aeration in non-cooperative patients with prolonged bed rest. This master's thesis presents two articles. The first was a physiological study that aimed to describe the physiological behavior of airflow displacement into the lung, using electrical impedance tomography (EIT), during BS and EPAP techniques in 10 non-cooperative patients and in 10 health subjects. It was observed an airflow shift between ventral and dorsal regions during BS and EPAP techniques in the non-cooperative group. The ventilatory tracings showed that all periods with reversing of the airflow direction occurred in the absence of significant variations in VT and flow, suggesting the existence of pendelluft phenomenon. The second study was a randomized crossover study trial that compared the acute effect of BS and EPAP on the regional lung aeration by EIT, measured the duration of the therapeutic effect of lung expansion and evaluated the influence of these techniques on cardiorespiratory system. It was observed that lung aeration increased significantly in comparison with baseline during EPAP and BS (2-way ANOVA and Sidak post hoc, all P < 0.001). However, the effects on lung expansion were kept for a short time, 4.6 ± 3.7 minutes and 2.3 ± 2.0 minutes for EPAP and BS, respectively. There were no clinically significant differences on cardiorespiratory variables. We conclude that there was a presence of the pendelluft phenomenon during BS and EPAP in non-cooperative patients, and these techniques generated a significant change on lung volumes, but not durable. The existence of expiratory muscle contraction may have minimized the effect of lung expansion proposed by these techniques.

HIV/AIDS has assumed epidemic proportions in the world of today. The main age group infected by this disease is between the ages of 20 – 40 years. The result of this is that the children who are not infected by the disease will be orphaned and forced to assume the role of head of the house and breadwinner, at a stage in their lives when they should not be burdened with these responsibilities. Orphans are perhaps the most tragic long-term legacy of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The stigma attached to HIV/AIDS exacerbates the trauma, hampers the bereavement process and exposes children to discrimination and victimization in their community and their extended family. Investigation into existing literature has revealed that insufficient previous studies have been conducted on HIV/AIDS orphans and even fewer pertaining to the emotional needs of the HIV/AIDS infected population in the South African context. For the purpose of this study it was decided to assess the emotional needs of HIV/AIDS affected orphans in the developmental stage of middle childhood. A literature investigation into the historical background of HIV/AIDS was done and the demographic impact of the disease on South Africa was given. The impact that HIV/AIDS has on the patient was discussed along with the impact that it has on the affected significant others of the patient. Secondly a literature investigation on middle childhood was done. The child in middle childhood as well as the family with children in middle childhood was discussed. Attention was given to the developmental tasks, developmental characteristics and the child’s comprehension of death during middle childhood. Attention was also afforded to the family with children in middle childhood with specific emphasis on the developmental tasks and needs of the family and the developmental tasks of siblings. The aim of the research study was to assess the emotional needs of HIV/AIDS orphans. An exploratory research design by means of a qualitative approach was followed. Five respondents were purposively sampled that complied with the set criteria. They were assessed through the utilization of six different Gestalt therapy techniques over a period of one week. Themes were identified through the empirical study. The research question “What are the emotional needs of HIV/AIDS orphans?” was answered and the following emotional needs of the respondents were identified: · Longing for the deceased mother. · Loneliness. · Stigmatization. · Preoccupation with the physical features of the deceased. · Anger. · Insecurity. · Preoccupation with death. · Fear of death. The following themes can be considered for further research in this field: · Establishment of a therapeutic program for affected children. · A comparison between the emotional needs of those children who have knowledge regarding their parent/s status and those who do not. / Dissertation (MA (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The Diploma Thesis "Utilization of art therapy methods and techniques in social services for mentally disabled people" deals with topic of art therapy and its elements which are used while working with mentally disabled people. The thesis defines the term art therapy and describes art therapy methods and techniques which are used in social services for mentally disabled people. Object of the thesis is to ascertain to what extent art therapy methods and techniques are utilized while working with mentally disabled people and whether these methods and techniques help to develop mentally disabled people. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the term art therapy and its position in a system of coordinated rehabilitation. It also describes the history of art therapy, its forms and possibilities of utilization of colors in art therapy. The other part of the theoretical part defines mental retardation and its classification and social services for mentally retarded people are described here as well. In the end, the theoretical part is devoted to art therapy methods and techniques. The practical part of the thesis deals with two researches. The quantitative one which was performed with mentally retarded people ascertains whether mentally retarded people like using art therapy methods and techniques...

One potent, yet little recognized tool in therapy is humour. As the desire to be entertained through humour is near universal the establishment and return of a positive sense of humour may be considered a goal of therapy. The goal of Gestalt exploration is awareness. From its origin Gestalt theory includes addressing body experiences such as laughter and emotional expression through humour. In Gestalt Theory a contact boundary disturbance such as deflection refers to the ways in which individuals may refuse contact with their environment in order to avoid aware¬ness. The goal of this study was to explore the implementation of humour as a deflective technique where contact boundary disturbances occur, to bring about change. Aspects of humour, namely the ability to perceive the comic as well as the ability to produce it, aid therapy and relationship building, and help the client to deflect in a way that enhances emotional well-being. / Humor, geringskat in terapie, is 'n uiters sterk hulpmiddel. Aangesien die behoefte om vermaak te word deur humor universeel is, is die terugkeer van 'n positiewe sin vir humor 'n deurdagte doel vir terapie. Die doel van die Gestalt eksplorasie is bewuswording. Van die begin af sluit Gestalt teorie liggaamservaringe soos lag en emosioneie uitdrukking deur humor in. In Gestalt Teorie verwys 'n kontakgrens versteuring soos defleksie, na die wyse waarop individue kontak met die omgewing vermy, om sodoende bewuswording te vermy. Die doel van die studie was om die implementering van humor as deflektiewe tegniek, waar kontak grens versteuringe en weerstande voorkom, as verandering teweeg kan bring. Aspekte van humor, naamlik die moontlikheid om die komiese waar te neem, sowel as om dit te produseer, versterk terapie and vehoudingsbou, beide aspekte help die klient om te deflekteer op so 'n wyse dat emosioneie goedvoel bevorder word. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

One potent, yet little recognized tool in therapy is humour. As the desire to be entertained through humour is near universal the establishment and return of a positive sense of humour may be considered a goal of therapy. The goal of Gestalt exploration is awareness. From its origin Gestalt theory includes addressing body experiences such as laughter and emotional expression through humour. In Gestalt Theory a contact boundary disturbance such as deflection refers to the ways in which individuals may refuse contact with their environment in order to avoid aware¬ness. The goal of this study was to explore the implementation of humour as a deflective technique where contact boundary disturbances occur, to bring about change. Aspects of humour, namely the ability to perceive the comic as well as the ability to produce it, aid therapy and relationship building, and help the client to deflect in a way that enhances emotional well-being. / Humor, geringskat in terapie, is 'n uiters sterk hulpmiddel. Aangesien die behoefte om vermaak te word deur humor universeel is, is die terugkeer van 'n positiewe sin vir humor 'n deurdagte doel vir terapie. Die doel van die Gestalt eksplorasie is bewuswording. Van die begin af sluit Gestalt teorie liggaamservaringe soos lag en emosioneie uitdrukking deur humor in. In Gestalt Teorie verwys 'n kontakgrens versteuring soos defleksie, na die wyse waarop individue kontak met die omgewing vermy, om sodoende bewuswording te vermy. Die doel van die studie was om die implementering van humor as deflektiewe tegniek, waar kontak grens versteuringe en weerstande voorkom, as verandering teweeg kan bring. Aspekte van humor, naamlik die moontlikheid om die komiese waar te neem, sowel as om dit te produseer, versterk terapie and vehoudingsbou, beide aspekte help die klient om te deflekteer op so 'n wyse dat emosioneie goedvoel bevorder word. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / Skeidingsangs is 'n angsversteuring by kinders weens die onvermoe om van die moeder te skei. Skeidingsangs is by die meeste jong kinders 'n realiteit wanneer hulle van hul moeders geskei word. Die intensiteit van die angservaring van die kind by skeiding word meestal onderskat. Skeidingsangs manifesteer by skooltoetrede. Dit is die kind se eerste formele toetrede tot die leefwereld waar eise aan horn gestel word. Skeidingsangs het 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind se totale leefwereld, sy relasies, skolastiese funksionering en sosiale verhoudinge. Vir die doel van hierdie navorsing word daar gefokus op die junior-primere leerling (Sub A tot Standerd een). Daar is geen differensiasie ten opsigte van geslag nie. 'n Diagnoseringslys, die idiografiese navorsings- en diagnoseringsmodel en pedoterapieprogram (Jacobs: 1980, 1981) is gebruik vir diagnose en terapie van skeidingsangs. Die effektiwiteit en bruikbaarheid van die terapeutiese tegnieke en riglyne vir die ko-terapeute is empiries getoets vanuit 'n sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief. / Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder in children as a result of their inability to separate from their mothers. The intensity of the anxiety experience in the child is generally underestimated. Separation anxiety manifests itself when the child enters school. This experience presents in the child's formal entry into the field of experience where personal individual demands are made. Separation anxiety presents a negative influence on the total field of experience, his relations to it, encompassing scholastic functioning and social relationships. The research is focused on the junior primary pupil (Sub A up to Stan de rd 1). There is no differentiation regarding sex. A list of diagnosis, the idiographic research and diagnostic model, and the pedotherapy programme (Jacobs: 1980, · 1981) are all used, to diagnose separation anxiety and for the treatment of this condition. The effectiveness and usefulness of these therapeutic techniques and guidelines for the co-therapists were empirically tested from a psychological educational point of view. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Skeidingsangs is 'n angsversteuring by kinders weens die onvermoe om van die moeder te skei. Skeidingsangs is by die meeste jong kinders 'n realiteit wanneer hulle van hul moeders geskei word. Die intensiteit van die angservaring van die kind by skeiding word meestal onderskat. Skeidingsangs manifesteer by skooltoetrede. Dit is die kind se eerste formele toetrede tot die leefwereld waar eise aan horn gestel word. Skeidingsangs het 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind se totale leefwereld, sy relasies, skolastiese funksionering en sosiale verhoudinge. Vir die doel van hierdie navorsing word daar gefokus op die junior-primere leerling (Sub A tot Standerd een). Daar is geen differensiasie ten opsigte van geslag nie. 'n Diagnoseringslys, die idiografiese navorsings- en diagnoseringsmodel en pedoterapieprogram (Jacobs: 1980, 1981) is gebruik vir diagnose en terapie van skeidingsangs. Die effektiwiteit en bruikbaarheid van die terapeutiese tegnieke en riglyne vir die ko-terapeute is empiries getoets vanuit 'n sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief. / Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder in children as a result of their inability to separate from their mothers. The intensity of the anxiety experience in the child is generally underestimated. Separation anxiety manifests itself when the child enters school. This experience presents in the child's formal entry into the field of experience where personal individual demands are made. Separation anxiety presents a negative influence on the total field of experience, his relations to it, encompassing scholastic functioning and social relationships. The research is focused on the junior primary pupil (Sub A up to Stan de rd 1). There is no differentiation regarding sex. A list of diagnosis, the idiographic research and diagnostic model, and the pedotherapy programme (Jacobs: 1980, · 1981) are all used, to diagnose separation anxiety and for the treatment of this condition. The effectiveness and usefulness of these therapeutic techniques and guidelines for the co-therapists were empirically tested from a psychological educational point of view. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

The goal of my diploma thesis is introduce one of alternative direction {--} music therapy, to outline the sphere of specific learning and behavior disorders, and also to give a guide, how to apply components of music therapy during the work with children with these disorders. The thesis consists of two parts {--} a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on defining key terms, such as music therapy, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dysortographia, dyscalculia, dyspinxia, dysmusia, dyspraxia. In my work I aim to clarify the question of ADHD and try to point out the relation of particular learning and behavior disorders. The practical part includes twenty activities that were made firstly according to a methodical manual written by M. Beníčková and Z. Vilímek, who use the Czech method of music therapy {--} Music of body, and secondly on the base of casuistry of two boys attending special practical school. Each activitiy should develop particular skills, comprises tools, motivation, its own description and analysis coming out of a practical accomplishment. The method of observing was used for the evaluation.

Title Best current evidence on chest physiotherapy in non-ventilated paediatric patients (0 to 24 months) with bronchiolitis: a systematic review. Purpose To determine the current scientific evidence for using three chest physiotherapy modalities namely percussion, postural drainage and suctioning in paediatric patients (0 to 24 months). Relevance The field of cardiopulmonary physiotherapy seems to be a neglected area in physiotherapy, with a subsequently limited evidence base. The author observed that in various clinical settings physiotherapists tend to administer routine chest physiotherapy to paediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Findings from this study may assist physiotherapists in their choice of effective treatment options. Sources The following databases were searched for evidence: African Health Line, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ebsco Host, Emerald Host, UP E-theses/dissertations, PEDro, Medline Ovid, Sabinet, Science Direct, Up To Date. Methodology This was a systematic review. The databases were reviewed by making use of a specified search strategy customised for each database. Keywords were: physiotherapy/physical therapy, bronchiolitis and paediatric/pediatric in combination with percussion, postural drainage and suction. The search yielded 10,016 study titles. Studies were chosen from the population of studies using pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria were applied to the titles, abstracts and full-text articles as appropriate. Five full text-articles were appraised and based on the scores from the appraisal three were included in the final sample. Data analysis Appraisal instruments from the National Health System Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (NHS CASP) and the PEDro scale (for randomised controlled trials) were used to evaluate and score the sample. Scoring was done independently by two researchers, and agreement reached through negotiation. The evidence was synthesised and graded according to the Sackett hierarchy of evidence. Results Owing to the heterogeneity of the sample, and the nature of results reported, a meta-analysis was not possible. Results from this study reveal that there is no evidence to support routine chest physiotherapy in uncomplicated viral bronchiolitis amongst the paediatric population. Chest physiotherapy does not decrease length of hospital stay, oxygen requirements or clinical scores indicating distress/morbidity. However, with secondary bacterial respiratory infections, chest physiotherapy may be indicated, depending on the assessment of each individual patient. Conclusion Percussion, postural drainage and suctioning are not effective in the management of bronchiolitis in children, newborn to 24 months old, except in individually assessed cases with secondary bacterial infection. In this subset, physiotherapy must be customised to the patient. Therefore routine physiotherapy is not indicated. Implications Chest physiotherapy should be based on a complete evaluation and on clinical merit, as well as on evidence and patient preference. Education of physiotherapy students at universities as well as doctors regarding the current evidence for chest physiotherapy in paediatric bronchiolitis is essential. Doctors and clinicians need to be made aware that routine chest physiotherapy for paediatric patients with bronchiolitis should not be prescribed. AFRIKAANS : Titel Die beste huidige bewyse aangaande longfistioterapie vir non geventileerde pediatriese pasiënte (0 tot 24 maande) met brongiolitis: 'n sistematiese oorsig. Doel Om huidige wetenskaplike bewyse vir die gebruik van drie long fisioterapietegnieke naamlik beklopping, posturale dreinasie en suiging in pediatriese pasiënte (0 tot 24 maande) te bepaal. Toepaslikheid Die veld van pediatriese fisioterapie blyk 'n verwaarloosde area van navorsing te wees, met gevolglik beperkte bewysbasis. Die navorser het ondervind dat fisioterapeute dikwels in kliniese praktyk roetine longfisioterapie in pediatriese pasiënte met brongiolitis toepas. Bewyslewering vanuit hierdie studie kan fisioterapeute help met die keuse van effektiewe behandelingsprosedures. Bronne Die volgende databasisse is deursoek vir bewyse: African Health Line, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ebsco Host, Emerald Host, UP e-theses and dissertations, PEDro, Medline, Sabinet, Science Direct en Up To Date. Die soektog het 10,016 titels gelewer. Metode 'n Sistematiese oorsig van die data is uitgevoer deur 'n gespesifiseerde soekstrategie, aangepas vir elke databasis, te volg. Sleutelwoorde was: “physiotherapy/physical therapy”, “bronchiolitis” and “paediatric/pediatric” in kombinasie met “percussion”, “postural drainage” and “suction”. Voorafbepaalde insluitings- en uitsluitingskriteria is toegepas op titels, abstrakte en artikels soos toepaslik. Data analise Evalueringsinstrumente van die “National Health System Critical Appraisal Skills programme” (NHS CASP) asook die PEDro skaal (ewekansige gekontroleerde eksperiment) is gebruik vir evaluasie van en puntetoedeling vir die verkose studies. Die puntetoekenning is onafhanklik deur twee navorsers gedoen en konsensus is bereik deur onderhandeling. Die inligting verkry is gesintetiseer en gegradeer aan die hand van die Sackett hiërargie van bewyse. As gevolg van die heterogeniteit van die ingeslote studies en die aard van die resultate was 'n meta-analise nie moontlik nie. Resultate Die studie het bevind dat daar geen bewyse is vir roetine borskasfisioterapie van ongekompliseerde akute virale pediatriese brongiolitis nie. Borskasfisioterapie verminder nie die duur van hospitaalverblyf, suurstofbehoeftes of die kliniese respiratoriese aanduiding van stres in die pasiënte nie. In die geval van sekondêre bakteriële respiratoriese infeksies mag borskasfisoterapie egter geindikeerd wees, afhangend van die evaluasie van elke individuele pasiënt. Gevolgtrekking Beklopping, posturale dreinasie, en suiging as roetine behandeling is nie effektief in die behandeling van brongiolitis in pasgebore tot 24 maand oue pasiënte nie, behalwe individuele gevalle met sekondêre bakteriële infeksies. In hierdie spesifieke subgroep moet borskasfisioterapie aangepas word vir pasiënt. Roetine fisioterapie is dus nie aangedui nie. Implikasies Borskasfisioterapie moet gebasseer wees op 'n volledige evaluasie en kliniese meriete, asook bewyslewering en die pasiënt se voorkeure. Opleiding van fisioterapie studente by universiteite, asook dokters aangaande die huidige bewyslewering vir borskasfisioterapie in pediatriese brongiolitis is belangrik. Dokters en klinici moet bewus gemaak word dat roetine borskasfisioterapie vir pediatriese brongiolitis pasiënte nie voorgeskryf moet word nie. Additional information available on a CD stored at the Merensky Library. / Dissertation (MPhysT)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Physiotherapy / unrestricted