A comunicação de riscos vem se tornando uma atividade indispensável à formação de uma opinião pública que avalie de uma forma racional e equilibrada a construção de novas centrais nucleares em países que utilizam ou pretendam utilizar esta tecnologia. Favorecidos pela tradição de considerar que a ciência é suficiente para convencer qualquer cidadão ao provar o domínio sobre o processo, as organizações nucleares organizam-se para tal empreendimento dando preferência às explicações técnicas, às minuciosidades relacionadas ao risco destas instalações. Entre os cidadãos comuns, no entanto, a percepção do risco é subjetiva e, portanto não é nivelada com a percepção que tais esforços de comunicação de risco tentam propor. Algumas vezes tal percepção é subestimada e, mais frequentemente, exagerada. A maximização ou até a extrapolação desta da percepção de risco é incentivada pela mídia sensacionalista e movimentos de defesa do meio ambiente. Este trabalho estuda a percepção e a considera como relevante neste esforço de promover a aceitação das usinas termonucleares propondo abandonar o discurso tradicional de riscos e aumentar os esforços em comunicar benefícios, de forma similar à propostas de marketing para produtos, serviços ou, como neste caso, a venda de uma idéia. Há uma revisão bibliográfica de conceitos de risco, de comunicação de riscos e de marketing. Em seguida, um estudo prático com base em centenas de entrevistas com estudantes de diversos níveis da região metropolitana da grande São Paulo. O estudo traz importantes informações sobre a forma como tais pessoas percebem as usinas termonucleares, seus benefícios e quais os atores que as influenciam positiva ou negativamente neste processo. / Public acceptance of the nuclear based electricity generation depends on many variables that can be affected by circumstances and interests, which although seemingly not close to the issue, can strongly influence the final outcome. Explicit or consented positions assumed by opinion makers and some segments of society are subject to episodic waves of interaction through the media and they permeate to the public in a process that is very complex to be fully understood. The modeling of such process is a very complicated undertaking, and gives no assurance of practical results concerning to what, how and who, should be given prominence in the interactions with the media and the general public. In this context, the risk communication has assumed a leading role and, as a consequence, most of the interaction with the public has been done with both defensive language and content. This study has tried a simple and practical approach to the problem, in such a way as to gather some interesting subsidies to treat this issue in a different way. The basic assumption is that in a similar way as individuals base their decision to acquire a new good or service on a \"intuitive\" cost-benefit judgment, society (as a collection of individuals) also manifest their acceptance (or not) with respect to industrial installations and undertakings by comparing risks and benefits according to their perception. An exploratory survey was carried out in a few high schools, colleges and MBA courses in the state of Sâo Paulo, Brazil. A first part was aimed to catch and understand the public perception of. (a) the Intrinsic value of the electric energy, (b) the need to universalize the access to electricity, (c) nuclear plants, (d) the acceptance deficit of nuclear power as compared to other sources of energy, (e) the benefits a nuclear plant can bring, (f) who does and who does not deserves credibility to speak about nuclear plants. The second part was addressed to grasp a picture of more relevant distortions concerned to the public perception of a nuclear power plant risks. The analysis of the survey results and the utilization of a model inspired by the marketing way of value communication suggest a different approach to the communication with the public concerning to nuclear power plants. In this proposal, named Value Strategy, a matrix of risks vs. benefits is segmented in nine regions, where the central region corresponds to the current situation and the others show the possible (hypothetical) future situations after the installation of a nuclear power plant. There are three favorable regions, inductives of acceptance and three unfavorable ones, or routed to rejection. Based on the understanding of the targeted public, as partially revealed by the survey, different nuances can be emphasized in the communication to maximize its effect, without any detour to ethical behavior. Results also disclose various complementary subsidies to help the communication strategy, mainly regarded to the communication agents and to the more effective argument areas according to factors such as: sex, age ranges and educational level.

<p>Presently there is a clear trend of increasing demands on in-pile performance of nuclear fuel. Higher target burnups, part length rods and various fuel additives are some examples of this trend. Together with an increasing demand from the public for even safer nuclear power utilisation, this implies an increased focus on various experimental, preferably non-destructive, methods to characterise the fuel.</p><p>This thesis focuses on the development and experimental evaluation of such methods. In its first part, the thesis presents a method based on gamma-ray spectroscopy with germanium detectors that have been used at various power reactors in Europe. The aim with these measurements is to provide information about the thermal power distribution within fuel assemblies in order to validate core physics production codes. The early closure of the Barsebäck 1 BWR offered a unique opportunity to perform such validations before complete depletion of burnable absorbers in Gd-rods had taken place. To facilitate the measurements, a completely submersible measuring system, LOKET, was developed allowing for convenient in-pool measurements to be performed.</p><p>In its second part, the thesis describes methods that utilise in-pile measurements. These methods have been used in the Halden test-reactor for determination of fission gas release, pellet-cladding interaction studies and fuel development studies.</p><p>Apart from the power measurements, the LOKET device has been used for fission gas release (FGR) measurements on single fuel rods. The significant reduction in fission gas release in the modern fuel designs, in comparison with older designs, has been demonstrated in a series of experiments. A FGR database covering a wide range of burnup, power histories and fuel designs has been compiled and used for fuel performance analysis. The fission gas release has been measured on fuel rods with average burnups well above 60 MWd/kgU. The comparison between core physics calculations (PHOENIX-4/POLCA-7) and the in-pool measurements of thermal power indicates that the nodal power can generally be predicted with an accuracy within 4% and the bundle power with an accuracy better than 2%, expressed as rms errors.</p><p>In-pile experiments have successfully simulated the conditions that occur in a fuel rod following a primary debris failure, being secondary fuel degradation. It was concluded that massive hydrogen pick-up takes place during the first few days following the primary failure and that a pre-oxidized layer does not function as a barrier towards hydriding in an environment with a very high partial pressure of hydrogen. Another series of in-pile experiments clearly indicate that increased UO₂ grain size is an effective way of suppressing fission gas release in LWR fuel up to the burnup level covered (55 MWd/kgUO₂).</p>

Presently there is a clear trend of increasing demands on in-pile performance of nuclear fuel. Higher target burnups, part length rods and various fuel additives are some examples of this trend. Together with an increasing demand from the public for even safer nuclear power utilisation, this implies an increased focus on various experimental, preferably non-destructive, methods to characterise the fuel. This thesis focuses on the development and experimental evaluation of such methods. In its first part, the thesis presents a method based on gamma-ray spectroscopy with germanium detectors that have been used at various power reactors in Europe. The aim with these measurements is to provide information about the thermal power distribution within fuel assemblies in order to validate core physics production codes. The early closure of the Barsebäck 1 BWR offered a unique opportunity to perform such validations before complete depletion of burnable absorbers in Gd-rods had taken place. To facilitate the measurements, a completely submersible measuring system, LOKET, was developed allowing for convenient in-pool measurements to be performed. In its second part, the thesis describes methods that utilise in-pile measurements. These methods have been used in the Halden test-reactor for determination of fission gas release, pellet-cladding interaction studies and fuel development studies. Apart from the power measurements, the LOKET device has been used for fission gas release (FGR) measurements on single fuel rods. The significant reduction in fission gas release in the modern fuel designs, in comparison with older designs, has been demonstrated in a series of experiments. A FGR database covering a wide range of burnup, power histories and fuel designs has been compiled and used for fuel performance analysis. The fission gas release has been measured on fuel rods with average burnups well above 60 MWd/kgU. The comparison between core physics calculations (PHOENIX-4/POLCA-7) and the in-pool measurements of thermal power indicates that the nodal power can generally be predicted with an accuracy within 4% and the bundle power with an accuracy better than 2%, expressed as rms errors. In-pile experiments have successfully simulated the conditions that occur in a fuel rod following a primary debris failure, being secondary fuel degradation. It was concluded that massive hydrogen pick-up takes place during the first few days following the primary failure and that a pre-oxidized layer does not function as a barrier towards hydriding in an environment with a very high partial pressure of hydrogen. Another series of in-pile experiments clearly indicate that increased UO2 grain size is an effective way of suppressing fission gas release in LWR fuel up to the burnup level covered (55 MWd/kgUO2).

Distributed power generation through renewable sources of energy has the potential of meeting the challenge of providing electricity access to the off-grid population, estimated to be around 1.2 billion residing across the globe with 300 million in India, in a sustainable way. Technological solutions developed around these energy challenges often involve thermal systems that convert heat available from sources like solar, biomass, geothermal or unused industrial processes into electricity. Conventional steam based thermodynamic cycle at distributed scale (< 1 MWe) suffers from low efficiency driving scientific research to develop new, scalable, efficient and economically viable power cycles. This PhD work conducts one such study which provides a database of thermal power blocks optimized for the lowest initial investment cost to developers of distributed power plants. The work is divided in two steps; a) feasibility study of various thermodynamic cycles for distributed power generation covering different operating temperature regimes and b) perform their detailed thermo-economic modelling for the heat sources mentioned above. Thermodynamic cycles are classified into three temperature domains namely, low (< 450 K), medium (< 600 K) and high (< 1000 K) T cycles. Any fluid whose triple point temperature is below the typical ambient temperatures is a potential working fluid in the power cycle. Most of the organic and the inorganic fluids satisfy this criterion and can be perceived as potential power cycle fluids. The general notion is that organic fluids are more suited for low or medium temperature cycles whereas inorganic fluids for high temperature ones. Organic fluids can further be classified into hydrofluorocarbon and hydrocarbon. While the former has high global warming potential (GWP), the latter is flammable in nature. Their mixture in certain compositions is found to obviate both the demerits and perform equally well on thermodynamic scales for low T cycles. On the similar lines, mixture of HCs and inorganic fluids, such as propane+CO2 and isopentane+CO2 are found to be more appropriate for medium T applications if the issues like pinch temperature in the regenerator arising due to temperature glide are taken care of. In the high temperature domain, high efficiency Brayton cycle (supercritical CO2) and transcritical condensing cycles are studied with the latter being 2 % more efficient than the former. However, application of the condensing cycle is limited to low temperature ambient locations owing to low critical temperature of CO2 (304 K). In the same cycle configuration, mixture of CO2 and propane (52 and 48%) with a critical temperature of ~ 320 K is observed to retain the thermodynamic performance with the increased heat rejection temperature matched to the tropical ambient conditions. However, these cycles are plagued by the high operating pressures (~300 bar) calling for high temperature steel making the power block uneconomical. In this regard, the advanced CO2 cycles are developed wherein the optimum operating pressures are limited to 150 bar with an increased cycle efficiency of 6 % over the S-CO2 cycle. Feasibility study carried out on these cycles in the Indian context indicates the low and medium T cycles to be better suited for distributed power generation over the high T cycles. In the second part of work, a comprehensive study is performed to optimize the low and the medium T cycles on a thermo-economic basis for the minimum specific investment cost ($/We). Such a study involves development of component level models which are then integrated to form the system of interest, thus, following a bottom-up approach. A major emphasis is given on the development of scroll expander and low cost pebble bed thermal energy storage system that are the reported in the literature as the areas with high uncertainties while connecting them to the system. Subsequently, the key design parameters influencing the specific cost of power from an air-cooled ORC are identified and used to formulate a 7-dimensional space to search for the minimum costs for applications with a) geothermal/waste or biogas heat sources and b) solar ORCs. Corresponding maps of operating parameters are generated to facilitate distributed power engineers in the design of economic systems within constraints such as available heat source temperatures, maximum expander inlet pressures imposed, etc. Further, the effect of power scaling on these specific costs is evaluated for ORC capacities between 5 and 500 kWe.

La responsabilité de notre activité dans les récentes et parfois brutales modifications climatiques est avérée. Maîtrise de la demande en énergie et énergies renouvelables apparaissent comme les deux solutions pour remédier à cette catastrophe. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la cogénération appliquée aux bâtiments résidentiels. Deux zones géographiques sont concernées, l'Afrique de l'Ouest et la France. Il n'existe pas de système de cogénération solaire de très faible puissance (< 10 kWe). La solution envisagée dans ce travail consiste à produire de la chaleur à environ 150 °C et un rendement supérieur à 50 %, de l'utiliser ensuite dans un ORC pour produire électricité et chaleur à basse température. Le système complet doit être résistant et à bas coût. Or pour atteindre ces performances, la concentration solaire est obligatoire. Une partie de ce travail consiste donc au développement d'un panneau à concentration solaire qui répond à ces deux contraintes thermiques, mais aussi au fait d'être robuste, fiable et facilement intégrable à l'enveloppe d'un bâtiment. Dans ce cadre, la technologie cylindro-parabolique a été retenue, adaptée et miniaturisée. En ce qui concerne la partie thermodynamique, le verrou technologique se trouve principalement dans le groupe turboalternateur. L'objet de la seconde partie de cette thèse consiste ainsi à la conception d'un organe de détente également robuste, nécessitant qu'une maintenance simplifiée et réalisable par les équipes de SIREA. La turbine Tesla, brevetée en 1913 par Nikola Tesla, devrait satisfaire à ce cahier des charges. Sa particularité est qu'à l'opposée des autres turbines, son rotor ne possède pas d'aubage, mais seulement des disques parallèles. Son fonctionnement est basé sur l'adhésion du fluide aux surfaces des disques. / The responsibility of our activity in the recent and sometimes brutal climate changes is recognized. Energy demand management and renewable energies appear as two solutions to overcome this disaster. In this work, we focus on combined heat and power applied to residential buildings. Two geographical areas are concerned, West Africa and France. For the moment, no system of very low power (< 10 kWe) solar cogeneration exists. In this work, considered solution consists to produce heat at 150 °C and with an efficiency greater than 50 %, then to use it in an ORC for producing electricity and low temperature heat. The whole system has to be resistant and low-cost. But to reach those performances with solar radiation, concentration is necessary. The first part of this thesis is to elaborate a solar concentrating panel which answer to these two thermal constraints. The new solar panel must be robust, reliable and easily integrable on the building envelope. In this context, parabolic trough is adopted, adapted and miniaturised. Regarding the thermodynamic part, technological lock is found mainly in the turbogenerator. The purpose of the second part of this thesis consists of the design of a an expansion equipement, requiring simplified maintenance and achievable by the team of Sirea. The Tesla turbine, patented in 1913 by Nikola Tesla, should satisfy this specification. Its characteristic is that the opposite other conventional turbines, the rotor is not bladed or vaned, only parallel disks. Fluid exerts shear stress on the disk surfaces resulting in a torque at the shaft.

Orientador: Amarildo Tabone Paschoalini / Banca: Luiz de Paula do Nascimento / Banca: Marcelo Moreira Ganzarolli / Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho são determinar a potência térmica dissipada dos componentes eletrônicos de forma experimental e verificar a eficácia do método através de simulações numéricas computacionais utilizando o software comercial ANSYS. O Software ANSYS foi usado como ferramenta de Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional neste trabalho. Para a realização deste trabalho um ensaio experimental foi executado a fim de obter alguns dados para o cálculo da potência térmica dissipada, outros foram fornecidos pelo CPqD e Trópico. Foi montado um Laboratório Computacional com o apoio da Trópico e do CPqD na UNESP, campus de Ilha Solteira para a simulações numéricas. O método de cálculo de potência apresentou-se eficaz, de modo na melhor situação os resultados apresentaram um erro relativo médio de 1,94%. / Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal power dissipation of electronic components through an experimental test and verify the effectiveness of the method through numerical simulations using the computational software ANSYS commercial. Software ANSYS was used as a tool for Computational Fluid Dynamics for this work. For this work an experimental test was done to obtain some data to calculate the thermal power dissipation, others were supplied by CPqD, Nilko and Trópico. It was dubbed a Computer Laboratory with the support of the Trópico, CPqD and at UNESP, campus de Ilha Solteira for the numerical simulations. The method of calculation of power proved to be effective, that the better the results showed a mean relative error is 1.94%. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_rr_me_ilha.pdf: 2111422 bytes, checksum: 55ec661a37c8225f8f3075712c8ec225 (MD5) / Fundação de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / Os objetivos deste trabalho são determinar a potência térmica dissipada dos componentes eletrônicos de forma experimental e verificar a eficácia do método através de simulações numéricas computacionais utilizando o software comercial ANSYS. O Software ANSYS foi usado como ferramenta de Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional neste trabalho. Para a realização deste trabalho um ensaio experimental foi executado a fim de obter alguns dados para o cálculo da potência térmica dissipada, outros foram fornecidos pelo CPqD e Trópico. Foi montado um Laboratório Computacional com o apoio da Trópico e do CPqD na UNESP, campus de Ilha Solteira para a simulações numéricas. O método de cálculo de potência apresentou-se eficaz, de modo na melhor situação os resultados apresentaram um erro relativo médio de 1,94%. / The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal power dissipation of electronic components through an experimental test and verify the effectiveness of the method through numerical simulations using the computational software ANSYS commercial. Software ANSYS was used as a tool for Computational Fluid Dynamics for this work. For this work an experimental test was done to obtain some data to calculate the thermal power dissipation, others were supplied by CPqD, Nilko and Trópico. It was dubbed a Computer Laboratory with the support of the Trópico, CPqD and at UNESP, campus de Ilha Solteira for the numerical simulations. The method of calculation of power proved to be effective, that the better the results showed a mean relative error is 1.94%.

Submitted by ELZIMAR TADEU DE FREITAS FERREIRA null (elzimar@feg.unesp.br) on 2016-08-17T20:29:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado de Elzimar Tadeu de Freitas Ferreira.pdf: 3358273 bytes, checksum: 0b61e834c1870d60b5531502a4c3e8b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-19T18:18:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_etf_dr_guara.pdf: 3358273 bytes, checksum: 0b61e834c1870d60b5531502a4c3e8b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_etf_dr_guara.pdf: 3358273 bytes, checksum: 0b61e834c1870d60b5531502a4c3e8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-08 / Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) / Atualmente, a grande preocupação relacionada ao meio ambiente e redução do uso de combustíveis fósseis levou a comunidade acadêmica/científica a se concentrar em novas tecnologias de conversão de energia que possam garantir sua produção nos níveis necessários ao atendimento das necessidades humanas, mas considerando também os meios para minimizar os impactos ambientais. Propõe-se estabelecer o estado da arte da estrutura de geração termelétrica, conceituando a estrutura tecnológica de ciclos térmicos no mundo, caracterizada em centrais termelétricas distribuída e centralizada. São precedidos estudos termodinâmicos em centrais termelétricas de diferentes configurações, nas escalas industrial, municipal e nacional. Para fins de avaliação do desempenho de uma central térmica, é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma modelagem térmica, utilizando ciclos combinados com gaseificação integrada (IGCC) e suas variações, usando balanço de massa, balanço de energia e balanço de exergia. Na geração distribuída em nível industrial, foi realizada uma análise no setor de papel e celulose, mostra-se que seu subproduto, o licor negro, um passivo ambiental, será mais bem aproveitado se passar por um processo de gaseificação e antes da queima em ciclo combinado em um sistema de cogeração. Na geração distribuída em escala municipal, o estudo de uma configuração de planta piloto foi elaborado para operar em empreendimento vinculado a alguma forma às cidades. Para o projeto de uma instalação piloto, dentre as opções de tecnologias envolvidas, as mais recomendadas seriam o ciclo IGCC (gaseificação do resíduo sólido urbano) e diferentes concepções de ciclos híbridos (incineração de resíduo sólido urbano, integrada a conjuntos a gás acionados com biogás de aterro ou gás natural). Na geração centralizada em escala nacional, empregaram-se centrais de grande porte que são usualmente encontradas na literatura. Nesta parte do estudo verificou-se a utilidade de um ciclo IGCC, com tecnologia avançada de co-gaseificação de resíduo sólido urbano e carvão aplicada a um gaseificador entrained-flow, sistema ASU (Air Separation Unit), com injeção de oxigênio e captura de CO2 pré-combustão, como alternativa eficiente de geração de energia frente às tecnologias convencionais, como a incineração e o aterro sanitário para o tratamento de materiais residuais. / Currently, the major concern related to the environment and reduction of fossil fuels has led the academic/scientific community to focus on new energy conversion technologies that can guarantee production levels necessary to meet human needs, but also that consider the means to minimize environmental impacts. In this work, it is proposed to establish the state of the art of thermoelectric generation structure, conceptualizing the technological structure of thermal cycles in the world, in the context of distributed and centralized thermal power plants, as well as their technological characteristics. Thermodynamic studies are performed in thermal power plants of different configurations, considering scales in industrial, municipal and national levels. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of a thermal power plant, it is presented the development of a thermal modeling for combined cycles with an integrated gasification (IGCC) and their variations, using mass, energy and exergy system balances. In distributed generation at the industrial level, an analysis in the paper and pulp sector was held. It is shown that its by-product, the black liquor, an environmental liability, would be better used if sent through a process of gasification before being burned in a combined cycle cogeneration system. In distributed generation at the municipal level, the study of a pilot plant configuration is designed to operate in an enterprise linked to some form to the cities. For the design of a pilot plant, from the options of technologies involved, the most recommended would be the IGCC cycle (gasification of municipal solid waste) and different conceptions of hybrid cycles (municipal solid waste incineration, integrated to gas cycles powered with landfill biogas or natural gas). For the centralized generation at the national level, it was employed large-scale plants that are usually found in the literature. In this part of the study it is demonstrated the utility of an IGCC cycle, with advanced technology co-gasification of municipal solid waste and coal applied to an entrained-flow gasifier, ASU system (Air Separation Unit), with oxygen injection and capture of CO2 in a pre combustion mode as an efficient alternative compared to power generation with conventional technologies such as incineration and the use of a landfill for the treatment of waste materials. / ANEEL: PD-0553-0022/2012

A geração termelétrica a partir da biomassa proveniente do setor sucroenergético brasileiro, além de ser vista como opção para investimentos no setor de energias renováveis, pode contribuir com o suprimento de energia mantendo aspectos inerentes às vantagens sociais, estratégicas e ambientais que o favorecimento de um setor genuinamente desenvolvido no Brasil pode atribuir à matriz de energia elétrica. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar o potencial adicional de energia elétrica que pode ser gerado a partir de recursos do setor sucroenergético. Os objetivos específicos estão em determinar e dimensionar os possíveis combustíveis para geração termelétrica no setor sucroenergético, em determinar quais rotas tecnológicas possibilitam o aumento da geração de energia e em quantificar a geração específica bruta de energia para cada tecnologia selecionada. O método consiste na realização de revisão bibliográfica para alocar o tema de estudo e pesquisa, com posterior elaboração de pesquisas documentais com o intuito de reunir dados e estimativas necessárias ao desenvolvimento do cálculo, coletando dados em publicações de institutos, entidades, empresas e consultores (dados de estimativas de produção de cana-de-açúcar para o período projetado e a definição dos recursos combustíveis e dos recursos tecnológicos). A seguir, para cada tecnologia de geração de energia elétrica, são apresentados arranjos com seus respectivos balanços de energia, índices de geração específica bruta de energia para as condições de cogeração e de geração de energia elétrica pura, vantagens, desvantagens e a inserção destas tecnologias ao longo do período estimado. Os resultados apontam que a expansão da produção de cana-de-açúcar, baseada na expansão agrícola e no aumento da produtividade, bem como o incremento tecnológico dos sistemas termelétricos de potência disponíveis comercialmente para o setor sucroenergético podem permitir a projeção de cenários com 26 GW de capacidade instalada com a utilização do bagaço e 33 GW com a inserção de palha. A importância deste trabalho está relacionada com a apresentação do estado da arte da tecnologia disponível para a geração termelétrica a partir do setor sucroenergético, pelo fato de apresentar os índices de geração específica para diferentes cenários de disponibilidade combustível e de tecnologias aplicáveis e por permitir análises entre os grupos tecnológicos e as biomassas disponíveis para a geração. / The biomass power generation in the Brazilian sugar & ethanol industry, besides being seen as an option for investments in the renewable energy sector, may contribute to the energy supply while maintaining aspects related to social, strategic and environmental advantages that the support of a sector genuinely developed in Brazil can attribute to the electricity matrix. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the surplus electricity that can be generated from resources of the sugar & ethanol industry. The specific aims are to determine and measure the potential fuels for power generation in the sugar & ethanol industry, to determine which technological routes enable an increase in the power generation and to quantify the specific gross power generation for each selected technology. The method consists of conducting a literature review in order to place the subject of study, with further development of documentary research in order to collect data necessary for developing the calculation, collecting data in publications from institutes, organizations, companies and consultants (sugarcane production data estimates for the foreseen period of study and the definition of fuel and technology resources for power generation). Afterwards, for each power generation technology, arrangements are presented with their respective energy balances, the specific gross power generation for the cases of process cogeneration and power generation stand-alone, the advantages, disadvantages and the inclusion of these technologies over the projected period. The results show that the expansion of production of sugarcane, based on agricultural expansion and increased productivity as well as the technological improvement of commercially available power generation systems for the sugarcane industry may allow scenarios with 26 GW of installed capacity using the sugarcane bagasse and 33 GW with the insertion of the sugarcane straw. The significance of this work is related to the presentation of the state of the art technology available for the thermoelectric generation from sugarcane industry. It is also connected to the fact of presenting an index of specific power generation for different scenarios of fuel availability and applicable technologies as well as enabling analysis of technological groups and available biomass for power generation.

In this thesis, I was solved assessment of nuclear power plant Dukovany, conection to the hot water network to city Brno. For determine the size needful enforcement was necessary to establish the heat balance of needs of the city of Brno and the size of the heat supply options. After that it was possible to determine the dimensions of pipes and optimize his routes of due to the current state of land along the route of thermal power supply. Power supply parameters were chosen with regard to the possibilities of technology used for transmission of the media and the status quo for distribution of the city Brno. After pushing the power supply ahead of the city Brno into the pumping station Bosonohy, and second part of the solution was the connection to the backbone wiring SCZT heat to individual customers. The last point was elaborated design management system of heat from nuclear power plant and urban local based resources on current management of heat supply system using consumption diagrams SCZT.