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Religiosity and morality constitute the fundamental components of any culture and set up rules and regulate interpersonal behavior. In the context of religion, to understanding value transgressions, their emotional consequences and the moderating role of social threats (in-group and out-group interactions), the psychological underpinnings of value-reinforcement, and complementing role of self-affirmation at a group level represent the focal points of this dissertation. The findings of study 1 show that value transgression has a direct effect on the level of negative emotion experienced by the transgressor. The social threat that is manipulated by the presence of an out-group member during the time of transgression moderates the relationship between value transgression and level of negative emotion. Furthermore, value reinforcement (e.g, endorsing group value) can weaken the effect of threats and mitigate negative emotions. Study 1 findings show that value reinforcement's absence qualified previous proposition of value transgression and social presence interaction. In study 2, I carry on the investigation by showing that granting opportunities to affirm important group values mitigates their emotional tension. Study 2 results show that group-affirmation may work as a complementary factor that further explains the relationship between value reinforcement and emotional reaction in the event of transgressing group values.

Religiosity and morality constitute the fundamental components of any culture and set up rules and regulate interpersonal behavior. In the context of religion, to understanding value transgressions, their emotional consequences and the moderating role of social threats (in-group and out-group interactions), the psychological underpinnings of value-reinforcement, and complementing role of self-affirmation at a group level represent the focal points of this dissertation. The findings of study 1 show that value transgression has a direct effect on the level of negative emotion experienced by the transgressor. The social threat that is manipulated by the presence of an out-group member during the time of transgression moderates the relationship between value transgression and level of negative emotion. Furthermore, value reinforcement (e.g, endorsing group value) can weaken the effect of threats and mitigate negative emotions. Study 1 findings show that value reinforcement's absence qualified previous proposition of value transgression and social presence interaction. In study 2, I carry on the investigation by showing that granting opportunities to affirm important group values mitigates their emotional tension. Study 2 results show that group-affirmation may work as a complementary factor that further explains the relationship between value reinforcement and emotional reaction in the event of transgressing group values.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2000. / Thesis advisor, David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

abstract: Frederic Thrasher's early work with youth gangs in Chicago continues to influence contemporary gang research. Thrasher's basic premise, that conflict with outside groups facilitates strong interpersonal ties between adolescents, has yet to undergo quantitative analysis. Using data from Wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health ("Add Health"), this conflict is measured by the aggregate number of juvenile arrests for property and violent crimes in a community. Multivariate regression is conducted to explore the impact of police threat on number of friendship nominations, while logistic regression is conducted to see if police threat is impacting relationship strength between respondent's first male and female friend. The results from both the multivariate and logistic regressions do not support Thrasher's hypothesis. Implications for future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2011

Being pioneers comes with advantages and responsibility. The concept of threathunting is currently being subsidized by businesses promoting their products. Additionally,there is little or no information regarding the implementation and theeffects, which vary depending on the organization. Threat hunting needed an unbiaseddefinition in accordance with employees in IT security. Consequently, theframeworks used when assessing threat hunting had to be objective. This thesispresents a definition of threat hunting, composed using impartial opinions. Furthermore,the thesis provides unique frameworks to assist when implementing andassessing threat hunting at an organization. This thesis has several areas of application:as a knowledge base for threat hunting, as the recommended practice forimplementing threat hunting and as groundwork for a more comprehensive evaluationof threat hunting capabilities. Ultimately, the thesis offers unprecedentednonpartisan information and recommendations on threat hunting.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR Génétic EquipemeNt for biothrEat enviroNmental Analysis and SurveillancE (GENEASE). Ce projet porte sur l'étude d'un système de surveillance et d'analyse biologique en continu de l'environnement, compact et sensible. Cette analyse se fait par une méthode de biologie moléculaire par la détection et l'identification de plusieurs agents biologiques simultanément. Le dispositif visé doit intégrer l'ensemble des fonctions de la collecte de l'échantillon au rendu du résultat. Ce projet s'inscrit essentiellement dans l'axe « gestion de crise » puisqu'il porte sur l'étude d'un équipement mobile et portable de détection et d'identification biologique. Notre tâche est de mettre en place un système qui détecte (ou non) la présence de l'espèce puis d'estimer sa concentration. Cette estimation est faite à partir des données de fluorescence via le nombre du cycle repère (ou instant de rupture). Il s'agit donc d'intégrer dans la même ap-proche la discrimination pour détecter et la régression pour qualifier. En outre, le but est de construire un modèle statistique qui, à partir de la seule observation de la fluorescence d'une goutte, calcule une estimation du cycle repère et en déduire une estimation de la concentration de l'espèce à qualifier tout en minimisant le retard à la détection. Le travail constitue à poser un modèle statistique pour déterminer en temps continu à partir de quel instant on observe ce cycle repère sur la fluorescence. / This thesis is part of the ANR project, Génétic EquipemeNt for biothrEat enviroNmental Analysis and SurveillancE (GENEASE). This project focuses on the study of a system for monitoring and continuous analysis of biological environment. This analysis is done by a molecular biology method for the detection and identificatio of varions biological agents simultaneously. The device referred must integrate aIl the functions of sample collection of the rendering of the result. This project is essentially part of the axis "crisis management" since it focuses on the study of a mobile and portable equipment for the biological detection and identification. Our task i to develop a system that detects (or not) the presence of the species and to estimate its concentration. This estimation is based on fluorescence data using the number of the reference cycle (or break time). It is therefore to integrate into the same approach to the discrimination detect and the régression to qualify. In addition, the aim is to build a statistical model which from the single observation of the fluorescence of a drop, calculates an estimatation of the reference cycle and deduce an estimation of the concentration of the species to qualify while minimizing the delay at the detection. The work is to present a statistical model to determine continuous time fror the moment we observe this reference cycle on the fluorescence.

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how stereotype threat impacts women and minorities within the College of Engineering. Within this study, I present a mixed-methods study that begins with an exploratory qualitative study into an sequential explanatory study. The purpose of the first study, Manuscript 1, was to identify common barriers present to women in engineering that negatively impact their motivations within engineering. During the analysis of this data, stereotype threat emerged as a common theme which lead to a literature review and subsequent explanatory study. A quantitative study, using Picho and Brown’s Social Identities and Attitudes Scale, was conducted to help pin point which groups on campus (i.e. women, men, and racial groups plus their intersections) were most impacted by stereotype threat (Manuscript 2, Chapter IV). The instrument also divides stereotype threat amongst six different constructs which allowed insight into specifically which types of stereotypes persist within engineering. Using the data collected from the 137 participants, I was able to identify that women are the most at risk for stereotype threat across 4 of the constructs in the instrument. Using the information from the SIAS instrument, I developed a focus group protocol and conducted 4 different focus groups with 8 different participants to gather data on what ways these negative stereotypes persist and interfere with women’s motivations within engineering (Manuscript 3, Chapter V). The implications of this research is then utilized to formulate proposed solutions to increase diversity and inclusivity within engineering.

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This dissertation uses qualitative research methods to describe the history of language use and maintenance on the islands of Aruba and Puerto Rico. More specifically, it examines how the islands' unique colonial circumstances have affected the maintenance of the local language. The multidisciplinary field of language planning and policy (LPP) has historically focused on documenting, categorizing and revitalizing languages that have undergone significant language shift. As a result, the majority of the discourse regarding threatened languages also implies that a threatened language will soon be endangered. The language contexts on the islands of Aruba and Puerto Rico do not conform to this often assumed linear progression. The use of document analysis, interviews with key players in LPP and observations on both islands provide the data for the position that there are unique contexts where language threat can be discussed, not in terms of language shift, but in terms of perceptions of threat. In addition to providing a detailed historical account of language situations on both islands, this dissertation frames the findings within a larger framework of redefining language threat. Special attention is paid to how social agents have influenced perceptions through the social amplification of risk framework. The work concludes with an argument for a framework that incorporates not only languages that have witnessed language shift, but also language contexts where languages are perceived to be threatened, with the understanding that such a distinction could potentially move the field of LPP toward a better understanding of language maintenance.