Daily regime of humboldt penguin (Spheniscus Humboldti) at Prague Zoo This dissertation is focused on day regime of humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) at Prague zoo over period summer to autumn 2012. Day activity of penguins is for better clarity presented by tables and diagrams. This work contains list of all species of penguin (measurements and description, environment, diet, social behaviour and breeding). Key

South Africa and Johannesburg are rapidly becoming global entities in the worldwide domain. The history of South Africa embodies a place of segregation and discrimination. At present, South Africa is characterised as a place of promise for the future. As a result, South Africa (specifically Johannesburg), “has become a magnet for people from other provinces, the African continent, and indeed, the four corners of the world” (Masondo, 2004). Yet these movements are not always met with a positive response. This study sought to investigate whether the Integrated Threat Theory (ITT) of prejudice (Stephan & Stephan, 1996) explains prejudice and social distance towards African immigrants in South Africa. The theory suggests that the factors, inter-group anxiety, realistic threats, symbolic threats and negative stereotypes, affect prejudice. Nature of communication was also used as a predictor of prejudice. The sample consisted of 345 South African citizens. A questionnaire was issued to the participants in order to establish how they feel (perception) or have felt, interacting with immigrants from African countries. Various scales were used to ascertain this information. Multiple linear regression and path analyses were conducted. Findings indicated that intergroup anxiety, symbolic threats, realistic threats and stereotypes as well as the nature of communication predicted prejudice to a large extent (68% of the variance explained) and predicted social distance to a moderate extent (42% of the variance explained).

It is well documented that some populations experience higher rates of certain diseases. While researchers have explored factors contributing to health disparities, attention has turned to the influence of social factors. For instance, stereotype threat has recently been applied to the health care setting in order to explain growing health disparities (e.g., Aronson et al., 2013). Health care stereotype threat (HCST) may arise when patients become aware that a negative health stereotype exists about a group or groups with which they identify, thus negatively impacting their utilization of health care services. Furthermore, patients with multiple marginalized identities have unique experiences of stereotyping and discrimination within the health care system. The purpose of the current study is to address Abdou et al.’s (2016) recommendation that researchers examine health care stereotype threat among individuals with multiple marginalized identities. The present study identified patients with a chronic illness and multiple marginalized identities including: (a) identifying as Black, (b) being considered overweight by medical community, and/or (c) identifying as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT). These identities were chosen based on research indicating that physicians hold implicit bias attitudes towards and stereotypes about these groups (e.g., Blair et al., 2013; Chapman et al., 2001; Sabin et al., 2009). I utilized qualitative research methodology to contextualize patients’ experiences of stereotyping in a health setting. In person, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight patients. During the interview process, four major categories and 22 sub-level categories emerged. Grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2008) was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed a complex relationship between negative experiences with a provider (i.e., dismissive communication and perceived stereotyping) and health care utilization. Patients’ negative experiences with providers made it more difficult for patients to continue engaging in care. Systemic barriers as well as level of coping and social support influenced patients’ perception of stereotyping and discrimination. Level of support from other providers and use of coping skills also determined the extent to which patients continued to utilize available health care in the face of discrimination. Implications for future research and clinical practice are delineated.

Science thrives when there is a continuous flow of new ideas and diverse generations of scholars contributing to the field. Although academic institutions aim to encourage diverse viewpoints, a culture of atheism among university faculties may unwittingly be contributing to an anti-religious atmosphere. The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate people’s attitudes toward religious individuals, and how these attitudes affect the religious believers’ mental health and academic performance. Study 1 (N = 899) found that people tend to explicitly report that religious believers have lower intelligence, but to implicitly associate them with higher intelligence. Although this is the case, faculty members, particularly those from secular institutions, did not have this implicit association and had the strongest congruity between their explicit and implicit intelligence preferences. Studies 2-3 showed that religious believers of diverse backgrounds reported experiencing overt and covert forms of religious bias, including biases related to their academic ability. Religious believers reported that they encountered more incidences of overt and covert forms of religious bias inside of higher education than outside of academia. Experiences of religious microaggressions significantly predicted higher rates of depression in Study 2 (N = 383) and marginally in Study 3 (N = 129). Finally, Study 4 (N = 169) found that compared to other religious groups, Christians were stereotyped to lack science competency. Study 5 (N = 237) demonstrated that these stereotypes applied to Christian college students and was at a comparable rate to how women are stereotyped to lack scientific competency and interest. Study 6 (N = 93) demonstrated that these negative stereotypes cause Christian college students to become less interested in and identify less with sciences. They also caused Christian college students to underperform on science-relevant tasks, especially those students with a stronger religious identity (Study 7; N = 90). These studies reveal that stereotypes play a key role in pushing religious believers out of science. Implications and future directions in the representation of religious believers in academia and science fields are discussed. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. / 2021-01-11

archives@tulane.edu / This dissertation presents the results of a tripartite exploration of English use by Latinxs in post-Katrina New Orleans, defined here as an ethnolinguistic repertoire that I call New Orleans Latinx English (NOLAE). The project considers how contemporary English use differs from that found in a pre-Katrina sample, how social network geometry influences linguistic performance, and how the localized discursive articulation of the Latinx community shapes the sociolinguistic context. I find that while vowel realization patterns provide no evidence of large-scale deviation across the pre-and-post Katrina samples, there are four vowels which exhibit statistically significant divergence. In each of these cases, the post-Katrina sample is more variable. I also illustrate that the geometry of the local Latinx social network, defined in terms of neighborhood affiliations, has a statistically significant impact on the realization of linguistic variables. Finally, I demonstrate that Spanish and Spanish-influenced English are discursively constructed as marked linguistic performance, leading local Latinxs to aspire to ‘standard’ English performance in public spaces. Differential experiences of this pressure is posited to underlie much of the linguistic variation observed in NOLAE, both across the pre-and-post-Katrina samples and within the contemporary sample. / 1 / Thomas D Lewis

After their release from prison, offenders are faced with many hardships that hinder their reintegration efforts. Often, offenders are stereotyped and face community exclusion due to their criminal record. Much of the literature on reintegration has focused on the way in which society stereotypes offenders, but not how offenders interpret and internalize these stereotypes. This study examines the way offenders internalize the stereotypes associated with having a criminal record, and how this affects their reintegration. Data was gathered by conducting 18 in-depth interviews with offenders at the John Howard Society in Toronto. The interviews showed that all participants felt that they had been negatively labeled by others based on the fact that they have a criminal record and/or spent time in prison. Additionally, five participants indicated experiencing stereotype threat, and believed this phenomenon to have had a negative impact on their ability to reintegrate back into society. / UOIT

The chapters of this dissertation explore related aspects of the procurement of conservation services from private landowners. In the first chapter, heuristic laboratory experiments reveal the impact of potential government regulation on strategic forces and efficiency properties in conservation procurement auctions. In the second chapter, data from past procurement auctions are analyzed to discover the existence and magnitude of premiums received by auction participants. The first Chapter, “Procurement Auctions Under Regulatory Threat,” examines how strategic forces and efficiency properties are impacted in auctions for the procurement of environmental services when a threat of regulation is levied. Laboratory experiments examining different regulatory environments demonstrate that a threat of regulation will reduce the amount of public funds necessary to purchase a given level of environmental services. However, adverse selection costs and equity are negatively impacted by threat implementation. The second Chapter, “Estimating Bid Inflation in Procurement of Environmental Services,” studies the size of premiums received by program participants in conservation programs. Predictions informed by economic literature and theory elicit the underlying value distribution for a unique dataset of procurement auctions. Average premiums for auction participants range from almost 50 percent to less than 1 percent across auction periods and institutions. The results demonstrate that both repetition and rule variation may improve the efficiency of procurement auctions. The auctions studied here are shown to yield efficiency improvements of more than 32 percent over standard fixed-payment schemes for service procurement.

The present research examined how interactions with sexist men can trigger stereotype threat among women, undermining their engineering and mathematical performance. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the literatures on sexism and on stereotype threat. Chapter 2 validates a subtle sentence completion measure of sexism. In Chapter 3, male engineering students who scored highly on this sexism measure behaved in a dominant and sexually interested way towards an ostensible female classmate. In Chapter 4, female engineering students who interacted with such sexist men, or with confederates trained to behave in the same way, performed worse on an engineering test than women who interacted with nonsexist men. Chapter 5 conceptually replicated this finding and showed that women’s underperformance did not extend to an English test, an area in which women are not negatively stereotyped. Furthermore, interacting with sexist men lead women to suppress concerns about gender stereotypes, an established mechanism of stereotype threat. Chapter 6 discusses the implications for stereotype threat and for addressing barriers to women’s performance at school and in the workplace.

Migration has been seen as an issue that needs to be addressed by governments as well as international organizations such as the European Union, IOM and so on. Over the last twenty years or so many political and scholars designed to combat the problem of migration at both national and international level. This thesis aims to explain whether migration is becoming viewed as a security threat for the EU or it’s just a challenge. I will focus primarily on the issue of migration to the European Union. The theory of securitization has been used to examine the process whether the issue of migration has become seen as a threat to the European member states. In this study I will use case study methods to analyze the process of securitization of migration to the EU and support my arguments with official political data.

The present research examined how interactions with sexist men can trigger stereotype threat among women, undermining their engineering and mathematical performance. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the literatures on sexism and on stereotype threat. Chapter 2 validates a subtle sentence completion measure of sexism. In Chapter 3, male engineering students who scored highly on this sexism measure behaved in a dominant and sexually interested way towards an ostensible female classmate. In Chapter 4, female engineering students who interacted with such sexist men, or with confederates trained to behave in the same way, performed worse on an engineering test than women who interacted with nonsexist men. Chapter 5 conceptually replicated this finding and showed that women’s underperformance did not extend to an English test, an area in which women are not negatively stereotyped. Furthermore, interacting with sexist men lead women to suppress concerns about gender stereotypes, an established mechanism of stereotype threat. Chapter 6 discusses the implications for stereotype threat and for addressing barriers to women’s performance at school and in the workplace.