Avec l’augmentation des applications de sécurité, un sujet particulier a attiré plus d’attention que de nombreux autres domaines en reconnaissance de formes : la biométrie – la reconnaissance des personnes en fonction de leur physique et/ou de leurs traits comportementaux. Parmi ces traits, le visage se distingue par un compromis favorable entre accessibilité et fiabilité. Dans cette thèse, nous avons principalement travaillé sur une modalité relativement plus récente en reconnaissance du visage : la forme 3D. Plus avantageuse que son homologue en 2D, car intrinsèquement invariant aux changements d’illumination de pose, l’analyse 3D du visage se heurte encore à des défis majeurs tels que les déformations de surface du visage dues aux expressions ou occultations. En conséquence, une étude approfondie est effectuée sur ce sujet incluant le prétraitement des données 3D du visage, l’annotation automatique, la simulation d’altération et d’expressions en 3D, l’extraction de caractéristiques 3D et l’analyse locale de surface. / As the need and investment for security applications grow vastly, one particular topic has certainly been attracting higher attention than many other pattern recognition fields: biometrics – recognition of humans based on their physical and/or behavioral traits. Among those traits, face stands out with its favorable reconcilement between accessibility and reliability. In this doctoral dissertation, we principally investigate 3D shape which is a relatively more recent modality in face recognition. Being advantageous to its 2D counterpart for being intrinsically invariant to illumination and pose changes, 3D face recognition still encounters major challenges such as acquisition inadequacy or facial surface deformations due to expressions or occlusion. Bearing those in mind, a thorough study is carried out on this topic, including pre-processing of 3D facial data, automatic landmarking, facial expression and alteration simulations in 3D, 3D feature extraction and 3D regional surface analysis.

No description available.

Dans cette thèse, nous explorons des structures intermédiaires ainsi que le rapport entre eux et des algorithmes utilisés dans le contexte du rendu photoréaliste (RP) et non photoréaliste (RNP). Nous présentons des nouvelles structures pour le rendu et l'utilisation alternative des structures existantes. Nous présentons trois contributions principales dans les domaines RP et RNP: Nous montrons une méthode pour la génération des images stylisées noir et blanc. Notre approche est inspirée par des bandes dessinées, utilisant l'apparence et la géometrie dans une formulation d'énérgie basée sur un graphe 2D. En contrôlant les énérgies, l'utilisateur peut générer des images de differents styles et représentations. Dans le deuxième travail, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour la paramétrisation temporellement cohérente des lignes animées pour la texturisation. Nous introduisons une structure spatiotemporelle et une formulation d'énérgie permettant une paramétrisation globalement optimale. La formulation par une énérgie donne un contrôle important et simple sur le résultat. Finalement, nous présentons une extension sur une méthode de l'illumination globale (PBGI) utilisée dans la production de films au cours des dernières années. Notre extension effectue une compression par quantification de données générées par l'algorithme original. Le coût ni de memoire ni de temps excède considérablement celui de la méthode d'origin et permet ainsi le rendu des scènes plus grande. L'utilisateur a un contrôle facile du facteur et de la qualité de compression. Nous proposons un nombre d'extensions ainsi que des augmentations potentielles pour les méthodes présentées. / In this thesis, we explore intermediary structures and their relationship to the employed algorithms in the context of photorealistic (PR) and non-photorealistic (NPR) rendering. We present new structures for rendering as well as new uses for existing structures. We present three original contributions in the NPR and PR domain: First, we present binary shading, a method to generate stylized black and white images, inspired by comic artists, using appearance and geometry in a graph-based energy formulation. The user can control the algorithm to generate images of different styles and representations. The second work allows the temporally coherent parameterization of line animations for texturing purposes. We introduce a spatio-temporal structure over the input data and an energy formulation for a globally optimal parameterization. Similar to the work on binary shading, the energy formulation provides a an important and simple control over the output. Finally, we present an extension to Point-based Global Illumination, a method used extensively in movie production during the last years. Our work allows compressing the data generated by the original algorithm using quantification. It is memory-efficient and has only a neglegible time overhead while enabling the rendering of larger scenes. The user can easily control the strength and quality of the compression. We also propose a number of possible extensions and improvements to the methods presented in the thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_kcm_me_arafo.pdf: 984285 bytes, checksum: bc8ec9ee20ee25613c1c041b25a4354f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo prospectivo teve como objetivo avaliar tridimensionalmente a rotação e deslocamento dos primeiros molares permanentes induzidos pelo uso do aparelho Herbst bandado em pacientes com Classe II divisão 1, tratados após o surto de crescimento pubertário. A amostra constituída por 24 pacientes leucodermas —, 10 do gênero feminino e 14 do gênero masculino, com idade cronológica média de 16 anos e 1 mês. Os pacientes foram tratados com aparelho de Herbst bandado por um período de 8 meses. Para a avaliação inicial e final, foram utilizadas tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) realizadas antes da colocação do aparelho e após a remoção do mesmo. A obtenção das tomografias foi feita com tomógrafo i-CAT Classic e os dados foram exportados no formato DICOM (Digital Image and Comunication in Medicine) e avaliados no programa Dolphin® Imaging 11.5 Premium (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Petterson Technology, Chatsworth, CA, EUA). Foram analisadas dezessete medidas lineares avaliadas nos cortes multiplanares, nos planos: coronal, sagital e axial, duas vezes por um observador previamente calibrado. Os dados obtidos foram calculados por um programa de software desenvolvido para esta pesquisa, através do sistema de coordenadas cartesianas tridimensional. Tal sistema é constituído por três retas mutuamente perpendiculares, nos três planos do espaço, representados pelos eixos X, Y e Z e que se interceptam num ponto com ângulos retos entre si, chamado de Origem, que nesta pesquisa é o Ponto Zero. Qualquer aplicação em que seja necessário saber a localização e orientação de corpos no espaço utiliza-se o conceito de sistema de coordenadas. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student, com nível de significância de 5%. Esta pesquisa, relativa ao uso do aparelho de Herbst bandado, permitiu a constatação dos seguintes... / This prospective study aimed to evaluate three-dimensionally the rotation and displacement of first permanent teeth produced by Herbst appliance in Class II divison 1 patients after puberal growth spurt. The sample consisted of 24 Caucasian patients, 10 females and 14 males, with mean age of 16.1 years old. The patients, were treated for period of 8 months with Herbst appliance. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before and after the removal of the Herbst appliance for initial and final evaluations, respectively. The images were obtained with classic i-CAT tomography and the data were exported by using the DICOM software (Digital Image and Comunication in Medicine) and evaluated with the Dolphin® Imaging 11.5 Premium software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Petterson Technology, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Seventeen linear measurements regarding multiplanar sections were analyzed according to the following planes: coronal, sagittal and axial, twice by a previously calibrated observer. Data were calculated by using a software program developed by this present study based on three-dimensional cartesian coordinates. This system consists of three straight lines in three spatial planes, represented by X, Y and Z axes, intercepting at a point with right angles denominated Origin Point and described as Zero Point in this study. The concept of coordinate system is used in any application which it is necessary know the location and orientation of points in space. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Student t test with 5% significance level. This study, related to the use of the Herbst appliance, contributed to state the following facts: correction the Class II division 1 malocclusion; intensification of rotational dental movement and the displacement in the lower molars by displacement and rotation, and discrete expansion; and anchorage loss due to mesial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Banca: Francisco Antonio Bertoz / Banca: Ary dos Santos-Pinto / Resumo: Este estudo prospectivo teve como objetivo avaliar tridimensionalmente a rotação e deslocamento dos primeiros molares permanentes induzidos pelo uso do aparelho Herbst bandado em pacientes com Classe II divisão 1, tratados após o surto de crescimento pubertário. A amostra constituída por 24 pacientes leucodermas -, 10 do gênero feminino e 14 do gênero masculino, com idade cronológica média de 16 anos e 1 mês. Os pacientes foram tratados com aparelho de Herbst bandado por um período de 8 meses. Para a avaliação inicial e final, foram utilizadas tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC) realizadas antes da colocação do aparelho e após a remoção do mesmo. A obtenção das tomografias foi feita com tomógrafo i-CAT Classic e os dados foram exportados no formato DICOM (Digital Image and Comunication in Medicine) e avaliados no programa Dolphin® Imaging 11.5 Premium (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Petterson Technology, Chatsworth, CA, EUA). Foram analisadas dezessete medidas lineares avaliadas nos cortes multiplanares, nos planos: coronal, sagital e axial, duas vezes por um observador previamente calibrado. Os dados obtidos foram calculados por um programa de software desenvolvido para esta pesquisa, através do sistema de coordenadas cartesianas tridimensional. Tal sistema é constituído por três retas mutuamente perpendiculares, nos três planos do espaço, representados pelos eixos X, Y e Z e que se interceptam num ponto com ângulos retos entre si, chamado de Origem, que nesta pesquisa é o Ponto Zero. Qualquer aplicação em que seja necessário saber a localização e orientação de corpos no espaço utiliza-se o conceito de sistema de coordenadas. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste t de Student, com nível de significância de 5%. Esta pesquisa, relativa ao uso do aparelho de Herbst bandado, permitiu a constatação dos seguintes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This prospective study aimed to evaluate three-dimensionally the rotation and displacement of first permanent teeth produced by Herbst appliance in Class II divison 1 patients after puberal growth spurt. The sample consisted of 24 Caucasian patients, 10 females and 14 males, with mean age of 16.1 years old. The patients, were treated for period of 8 months with Herbst appliance. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before and after the removal of the Herbst appliance for initial and final evaluations, respectively. The images were obtained with classic i-CAT tomography and the data were exported by using the DICOM software (Digital Image and Comunication in Medicine) and evaluated with the Dolphin® Imaging 11.5 Premium software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Petterson Technology, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Seventeen linear measurements regarding multiplanar sections were analyzed according to the following planes: coronal, sagittal and axial, twice by a previously calibrated observer. Data were calculated by using a software program developed by this present study based on three-dimensional cartesian coordinates. This system consists of three straight lines in three spatial planes, represented by X, Y and Z axes, intercepting at a point with right angles denominated Origin Point and described as Zero Point in this study. The concept of coordinate system is used in any application which it is necessary know the location and orientation of points in space. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Student t test with 5% significance level. This study, related to the use of the Herbst appliance, contributed to state the following facts: correction the Class II division 1 malocclusion; intensification of rotational dental movement and the displacement in the lower molars by displacement and rotation, and discrete expansion; and anchorage loss due to mesial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13260号 / 論医博第2178号 / 新制||医||1037(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 溝脇 尚志, 教授 大森 孝一, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In the infection process, native poliovirus (160S) first converts to a cell-entry intermediate (135S) particle, which causes the externalization of capsid proteins VP4 and the N-terminus of VP1 (residues 1-53). The externalization of these entities is followed by release of the RNA genome, leaving an empty (80S) particle. Three antibodies were utilized to track the location of VP1 residues in different states of poliovirus by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). "P1" antibody binds to N-terminal residues 24-40 of VP1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of 135S-P1 showed that P1 binds to a prominent capsid peak known as the "propeller tip". In contrast, our initial 80S-P1 reconstruction showed P1 Fabs also binding to a second site, ~60 Å distant, at the icosahedral twofold axes. Analysis of 80S-P1 reconstructions showed that the overall population of 80S-P1 particles consisted of three kinds of capsids: those with P1 Fabs bound only at the propeller tips; only at the twofold axes; or simultaneously at both positions. Our results indicate that, in 80S particles, a significant fraction of VP1 can deviate from icosahedral symmetry. Similar deviations from icosahedral symmetry may be biologically significant during other viral transitions. "C3" antibody binds to 93-103 residues (BC loop) of VP1. The C3 epitope shifts outwards in radius by 4.5% and twists through 15° in the 160S-to-135S transition, but appears unchanged in the 135S-to-80S transition. In addition, binding of C3 to either 160S or 135S particles causes residues of the BC loop to move an estimated 5 (±2) Å, indicating flexibility. The flexibility of BC loop may play a role in cell-entry interactions. At 37°C, the structure of poliovirus is dynamic, and internal polypeptides VP4 and the N-terminus of VP1 externalize reversibly. An antibody, binding to the residues 39-55 of VP1, was utilized to track the location of the N-terminus of VP1 in 160S particle in the "breathing" state. The resulting reconstruction showed the capsid expands similarly to the irreversibly altered 135S particle, but the N-terminus of VP1 is located near the twofold axes, instead of the propeller tip as in 135S particles.

Einleitung Die klinische Bedeutung einer radio-ulnaren Inkongrunz (RUI) bei Hunden mit Ellbogengelenksdysplasie, sowie die präzise Bestimmung einer geringgradigen RUI sind umstrittene Fragestellungen in der Kleintierorthopädie. Zielstellung (1) die 3D-Technik zur Bestimmung einer RUI in ihrer Genauigkeit zu verbessern (2) mit Hilfe dieser verbesserten Technik, die Beziehung zwischen Ausprägung und Grad einer vorliegenden RUI und dem Ausmaß an damit verbundenen Gelenkschäden im medialen Kompartiment des Ellbogengelenkes zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden In einer ersten Studie wurden 63 CT-basierte 3D-Modelle der radio-ulnaren Gelenkpfanne mit bekannter RUI (-2mm, -1 mm, 0 mm, +1 mm, +2 mm), unter Verwendung einer Kugel, welche genau der Incisura trochlearis jedes individuellen Modells angepasst war, bezüglich der vorhanden RUI untersucht. Diese Messungen erfolgten geblindet in zufälliger Reihenfolge der 63 Modelle und wurden hinsichtlich Spezifität und Sensitivität ausgewertet. In der zweiten Studie wurden 86 Ellbogengelenke klinischer Patienten retrospektiv mit der neuen 3D-Kugel-Methode bezüglich ihrer RUI vermessen. Dieser Wert wurde in Beziehung mit dem in der Arthroskopie diagnostizierten Gelenkschaden im medialen Kompartiment gesetzt (Korrelation nach Pearson und logistische Regression), wobei die Gelenke in zwei Gruppen unterteilt wurden; die mit geringen Veränderungen (FPC-Gruppe) und solche mit fortgeschrittenen Schäden (MCD-Gruppe). Ergebnisse Unter Verwendung der Kugel-Methode betrug die mediane Sensitivität eine RUI auf einen Millimeter genau zu bestimmen 0,94 wobei die mediane Spezifität bei 0,89 lag. Der intra-Class-Korrelationskoeffizient für die interobserver Übereinstimmung betrug 0,99. 14 % der Gelenke wiesen eine negative RUI auf, 40 % zeigten keine messbare RUI und 46 % wiesen eine positive RUI auf. Das Quotenverhältnis (odds ratio) für das Vorliegen fortgeschrittener Gelenkschäden betrug für jeden Millimeter RUI 6,4. Schlussfolgerungen Die Anwendung der Kugel-Methode verbessert die Diagnose der RUI deutlich. Der vermutete Zusammenhang zwischen RUI und Gelenkschäden konnte mit der klinischen Studie bestätigt werden. Allerdings ist bemerkenswert, dass 40 % der Gelenke keine RUI aufwiesen. Somit ist davon auszugehen, dass andere Faktoren neben einer RUI an der Pathogenese klinisch beobachteter Gelenkschäden beteiligt sind. Ebenso ist festzustellen, dass ca. 15 % der Gelenke eine negative RUI aufweisen. Somit scheint es nicht gerechtfertigt alle Gelenke mit einer Form der Ellbogenosteotomie zu behandeln, da eine negative bzw. positive RUI und insbesondere keine RUI unterschiedliche geometrische Korrekturen benötigen. / Introduction The clinical significance of RUI in dogs with elbow dysplasia and precise estimation of small degree of RUI are controversial topics in small animal orthopedics. Objectives (1) improve the accuracy of the 3D technique for the estimation of RUI (2) using the improved technique to examine the relationship between the shape and degree of present RUI and the amount of related joint damage in the medial compartment of the elbow joint. Material and methods In a first study, 63 CT-based 3D models of the radio-ulnar joint cup with known RUI (-2 mm, -1 mm, 0 mm, mm +1, +2 mm) were examined us-ing a sphere, which was exactly fitted to the trochlear ulnar notch of each individual model. The assessment of the radioulnar joint conformation was evaluated blindly in a random manner and analized in respect to sensitivity and specificity. In the second study, 86 elbow joints of clinical patients were retrospectively graded with the new 3D sphere technique with respect to their RUI. This value was correlated with the arthroscopically diagnosed joint damage in the medial compartment, where the joints were divided into two groups. Those with minor changes (g-FPC) and those with advanced damage (g-MCD). Results By using the sphere fitting technique, the median sensitivity of a RUI on a millimeter basis was 0.94 and the median specificity was 0.89. The intra-class correlation coefficient for interobserver agreement was 0.99. In the clinical joints 14 % had a negative RUI, 40 % showed no measurable RUI and 46% had a positive RUI. The odds ratio for the presence of advanced joint damage for every millimeter RUI was 6.4 Conclusions The application of the sphere fitting technique significantly improves the diagnosis of the RUI. The assumed relationship between RUI and joint damage could be confirmed in the clinical study. However, it is noteworthy that 40 % of the joints showed no RUI. Thus, it can be assumed that other factors besides RUI are playing rule in the pathogenesis of clinically observed joint damages. Also it should be noted that approximately 15 % of the joints have a negative RUI. Thus, it does not seem to be wise to treat all the joints with a type of elbow osteotomy, as a negative or positive RUI and in particular no RUI need different geometric corrections

Orientador: Cecília Amélia de Carvalho Zavaglia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Villela_CarlosHenriqueSilveira_M.pdf: 3934697 bytes, checksum: 869a8ba8c0708636704583570f92eefd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O diagnóstico das assimetrias faciais tem sido realizado por meio de exames físicos e complementares. As tomadas radiográficas convencionais ainda são os recursos mais difundidos como exames complementares para o diagnóstico das assimetrias faciais. Hoje, novas técnicas de obtenção de imagem podem fornecer visualizações tridimensionais do complexo craniofacial. Estas, por sua vez, podem eliminar magnificações e demagnificações quando da obtenção de mensurações. A imagem tridimensional, utilizando-se de soluções computacionais, pode ser movimentada em diversas direções. Este recurso favorece a cranioscopia, técnica pela quais grandes e médias assimetrias são reconhecidas em qualquer região do complexo craniofacial. A quantificação de assimetrias menores pode ser reconhecida por mensurações realizadas no biomodelo 3D virtual, ou seja, pela craniometria. Alguns protocolos 3D já foram propostos com a finalidade de qualificar e/ou quantificar a assimetria facial. Este trabalho propõe um novo protocolo 3D que faz uso das novas técnicas de aquisição e tratamento de imagens. Utiliza-se então da tomografia computadorizada e tendo como meta qualificar e quantificar a assimetria facial. Para isso, utiliza-se da marcação de pontos anatômicos verdadeiros, criando condições para que mensurações lineares e angulares sejam realizadas. Assim, assimetrias faciais poderão ser observadas, bem como as respostas individuais aos tratamentos propostos / Abstract: The diagnosis of facial asymmetry has been done using clinical and complementary examinations. The conventional radiographic images have still been the most spread resources as complementary examinations for facial asymmetry diagnosis. Nowadays, new image acquisition techniques can give three dimensional visualizations of the craniofacial complex. This way, it is possible to eliminate magnifications and demagnifications in measurements obtained using conventional radiographic techniques. The three dimensional image, using computational solutions, can be moved in different directions. This capability is favorable to cranioscopy, which is a technique used to recognize big and medium asymmetries in any part of the craniofacial complex. The qualification and quantification of small asymmetries can be done using measurements made in 3D virtual biomodel. Few 3D protocols have been proposed with the aim of qualify and quantify facial asymmetry. This work proposes a new 3D protocol which uses new image acquisition and treatment techniques based on computerized tomography, aimed to qualify and quantify facial asymmetry. To do that, it is used true anatomical landmarks marking process, which gives conditions to make linear, angular, area and volume measurements with positive recognitions and precision. Therefore, small facial asymmetries will be possible to be observer, as well as the individual responses to treatments, been them surgical, orthopedical or orthodontical / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientadores: Inacio Maria Dal Fabbro, Adilson Machado Enes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fracarolli_JulianaAparecida_D.pdf: 5319280 bytes, checksum: 4488936faca98d4c091c7703b2fd0ca0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Técnicas ópticas vêm sendo utilizadas para diversas finalidades técnicas e científicas. Algumas técnicas ópticas se caracterizam como métodos robustos, de baixo custo, não invasivos e não destrutivos para avaliação de materiais diversos, como produtos agrícolas, havendo aplicações desde a engenharia até a área da saúde humana e animal. Neste trabalho propõem-se a avaliação de frutos através da combinação de duas técnicas ópticas cujos estudos vêm comprovando suas aplicabilidades como métodos alternativos e inovadores, os quais empregam equipamentos de baixo custo na aquisição dos dados, permitindo automação de processos de seleção e classificação de produtos. Uma dessas técnicas é conhecida como Biospeckle, a qual fornece informações referentes à qualidade do material biológico em nível de estruturas celulares e a outra é o escaneamento com linha laser, que permite a obtenção de geometria do objeto nos eixos Xi (i = 1,2,3). O objetivo é proceder a um levantamento topográfico digital de materiais biológicos combinando o posicionamento geométrico dos pontos da imagem com informações referentes à atividade biológica. Foi realizada ainda a diferenciação entre frutos de formato variado, a classificação de frutos por formato, classe, coloração e defeitos por meio de processamento de imagens. Dessa forma é possível observar frutos com irregularidades superficiais, maturidade, danos mecânicos e latentes, entre outros. Esta pode se tornar a base para a seleção automática de produtos agrícolas. Foram utilizados um emissor de linha laser de diodo com 632 nm de comprimento de onda, luz branca difusa, câmera CCD, computador, mesa óptica, mamões, peras, tomates e esferas de isopor, bem como softwares ImageJ, Octave, Matlab. Foram desenvolvidos cinco programas computacionais para processamento das imagens. Foram realizados cinco experimentos, a saber: (1) Avaliação da Maturidade de Frutos; (2) Reconstrução Tridimensional e Mapeamento da Bioatividade; (3) Detecção de Formato Variado; (4) Mapeamento por Formato, Classe e Coloração; (5) Detecção de Defeitos. Na Avaliação da Maturidade foram correlacionados índices de maturidade tradicionais (parâmetros de Hunter L a b, pH, Sólidos Solúveis Totais (SST), a relação Sólidos Solúveis Totais e Acidez Total Titulável (SST/ATT), Módulo de Elasticidade, massa e diâmetro) e a técnica óptica Biospeckle, pelo cálculo do Momento de Inércia (MI). Para a Reconstrução Tridimensional os frutos foram rotacionados através de um motor de passo. A cada passo do motor, o fruto foi iluminado pela linha laser projetada e fotografado para obtenção dos dados de geometria e Biospeckle pelo método LASCA (Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis). Foi analisada a correlação entre os índices de maturidade tradicionais e os valores de MI na avaliação da maturidade. Esta tese mostra que é possível avaliar a maturidade dos frutos através do Biospeckle. Obteve-se um mapa tridimensional que integra as informações de topografia e bioatividade do fruto. Obteve-se, ainda, a detecção de formato variado, a classificação de frutos por mapeamento por formato, classe e coloração e detecção de defeitos através de software / Abstract: Optical techniques have been used for both technical and scientific purposes. Optical techniques are usually characterized as being robust, inexpensive, non-invasive and non-destructive methods in to evaluate a diversity of materials which include agricultural derived products. It also shows applications ranging from engineering to human and animal health. In this doctoral dissertation, a new technique to evaluate some fruit properties is proposed. It combines two optical techniques (i.e. Biospeckle and Scan-line laser) whose applicability has been demonstrated as being alternative and innovative. The new proposed technique allows low-cost data acquisition, automation of the entire process, and a proper selection and classification method of vegetable bodies (e.g. fruits). Biospeckle allows obtaining information regarding the quality level of biological material into cellular structures. Scan-line laser enables the attainment of the object geometry on the axes Xi (i=1,2,3). The main purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to obtain a digital survey of biological materials (i.e. papaya, pear and tomato) integrating both geometric positioning and information concerning to its biological activity. The differentiation between different fruit shapes, fruit sorting by size, class, color and defects through image processing was also carried out. Thus it was also possible to observe fruits with surface irregularities, maturity, and mechanical damage, among others. This is the basis proposed for the automatic selection of agricultural products. The following materials were employed in the tests: a line-emitting diode laser with a wavelength of 632 nm, diffuse white light, CCD camera, computer, optical table, papaya, pear and tomato fruits and polystyrene spheres. The softwares utilized were: ImageJ, Octave, Matlab. A total of five computer programs were developed for the image processing procedures. Five experiments were performed: (1) Maturity Assessment of Fruits; (2) Three Dimensional Reconstruction and Mapping of Bioactivity; (3) Miscellaneous Format Detection; (4) Mapping Format, Class and Coloration; (5) Defect Detection. In Maturity Assessment there were correlated traditional methods to verify the maturity (the Hunter parameters L a b, pH, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), the relationship between Total Soluble Solids and Titratable Acidity (TSS/TA), Modulus of Elasticity, weight and diameter) and the optical technique Biospeckle by calculating the Moment of Inertia (MI). For the Three Dimensional Reconstruction the fruits were rotated by a stepper motor. At every step of the motor, the fruit was illuminated by the projected laser line and photographed in order to obtain both geometric and biospeckle data by the LASCA (Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis) method. The correlation between traditional methods for the maturity assessment and values of MI was analyzed. This doctoral dissertation shows that it is possible to evaluate the maturity of fruits through Biospeckle. A three-dimensional map that includes topographical information and bioactivity of the fruit was generated. Also a software can now detect variations in size, classify fruit shapes, color and class as well as defect detection efficiently. / Doutorado / Maquinas Agricolas / Doutora em Engenharia Agrícola