Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T11:47:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_aline_klug_radke.pdf: 687854 bytes, checksum: bfa5a58feb8dc159ec0ec3adfdfd5fc5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T14:59:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_aline_klug_radke.pdf: 687854 bytes, checksum: bfa5a58feb8dc159ec0ec3adfdfd5fc5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-01-04T15:02:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_aline_klug_radke.pdf: 687854 bytes, checksum: bfa5a58feb8dc159ec0ec3adfdfd5fc5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T15:02:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_aline_klug_radke.pdf: 687854 bytes, checksum: bfa5a58feb8dc159ec0ec3adfdfd5fc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-11 / Sem bolsa / A propagação da melancia é realizada por sementes, estas devem ser de elevada qualidade, para que haja um estande uniforme de plantas no campo. O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar metodologias do teste de envelhecimento acelerado e comparar testes para avaliação do vigor em sementes de melancia. Foram utilizadas sementes de melancia cultivar Congo e Crimson Sweet, representadas por quatro e cincos lotes de sementes, respectivamente. Para a avaliação da qualidade das sementes de melancia foram utilizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, teste de frio, índice de velocidade de emergência e emergência de plântulas, comprimento de parte aérea e radicular, fitomassa seca de parte aérea e radicular e comprimento de parte aérea e radicular pós-emergência e testes de envelhecimento acelerado nas metodologias: tradicional, solução salina saturada (40g de NaCl por 100mL de água) e solução salina não saturada (11g de NaCl por 100mL de água), a 41⁰C, por períodos de 48; 72 e 96horas. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, as médias obtidas por lote, em cada avaliação, foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott em nível de probabilidade de 5% e foi realizada análise de correlação linear. O teste de envelhecimento acelerado, utilizando a combinação 41⁰C por 72horas e solução salina não saturada, mostra-se adequado para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de melancia. A primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado com emprego de solução salina saturada ou não e o índice de velocidade de emergência foram eficientes para a estratificação dos lotes de sementes de melancia em níveis de vigor. / Watermelon is propagated by seeds, which should have high quality, in order to be enable an appropriate plant stand in the field. This study aimed to methodologies of accelerated aging test and compare tests to evaluate the effect on watermelon seeds. Were used watermelon seeds, four seeds lots of Congo variety and five seeds lots of Crimson Sweet variety. Were evaluated standard germination test, first count of germination, cold test, emergence velocity index, seedlings emergence, shoot and root length in laboratory and in greenhouse, shoot and root dry weight and accelerated aging test including traditional, satured salt solution (40g de NaCl for 100mL of water) and unsatured salt solution (11g de NaCl for 100mL of water) at 41⁰C for 48; 72 and 96hours. This essay was randomized; the lots means in each one evaluation were compared by Scott-Knott statistical test at 5% of probability and a correlation analysis between vigor testing was done. Accelerated aging test at 41⁰C for 72hours with satured salt solution is adequated to evaluate the watermelon seeds phylsiological performance. The first count of germination, accelerated aging with the use of saturated saline solution or not and emergence velocity index were effective for the classification of lots of watermelon seeds at levels of vigor.

Ce travail de thèse concerne l'articulation trapézométacarpienne. La première partie du travail a concerné l'étude de la morphogénèse de l'arche palmaire par modélisation géométrique 3D. Cinq embryons ont été utilisés. Les résultats de cette étude montre le caractère asymétrique et l'opposition précoce du pouce chez l'embryon humain. La deuxième partie a consisté à partir d'un protocole IRM spécifique sur 5 sujets sains à déterminer la cinématique 3D de l'articulation trapézo-métacarpienne en utilisant les axes hélicoïdaux. La troisième partie, suivant le même protocole sur sujets pathologiques à partir d'image scanner a permis d'évaluer l'effet des différents types de traitement en cas de rhizarthrose. Les résultats trouvent leur application dans l'évaluation quantitative des pathologies de l'articulation trapézo-métacarpienne ainsi que dans le développement des prothèses. / This work concerned the first carpo-metacarpal joint. The first part of this work was the study of the morphogenesis of the palmar arch using three-dimensional geometrie modeling. Five embryos were used for this study. The results of this study support the hypothesis that opposition and asymmetry of the thumb appears early in embryological development. In the second part, with specifie MRI protocol on 5 normal subjects, the objective was to quantify the 3D motion of the trapezo-metacarpal joint using helical axes theory. In the last part, using the same protocol on pathological subjects (CT scan images), the objective was to evaluate the effect of different type of treatment of the first carpo­ metacarpal arthritis.The results of the work are of interest for the quantitative evaluation of pathological trapezo-metacarpal joint and in the development of prosthesis.

Dorsoradial and anterior oblique ligaments were harvested during surgery in 13 patients with symptomatic trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, which had been graded preoperatively by a modified Eaton-Littler radiographic grading. Ligaments, including the periligamentous synovium, were stained with S100 protein, neurotrophic receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5, calcitonin gene related peptide, acetylcholine, substance P, neuropeptide Y, noradrenaline, N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor and Met/Leu-enkephalin. The synovium was classified as showing no, low-grade or high-grade synovitis. Free nerve endings had higher immunoreactivity for substance P than for N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor, enkephalin and noradrenaline. The synovial stroma had less immunoreactivity for N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor than for noradrenaline, substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide. There was no relation between the grade of osteoarthritis and the visual pain analogue scale, synovitis score, immunoreactivity of all antibodies and quantity of free nerve endings or blood vessels. Synovium in trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis produces several neuromediators causing a polymodal neurogenic inflammation and which may serve as biomarkers for osteoarthritis or therapeutic targets.

<p>This thesis deals with problem solving of general practitioners (GPs), which is explored with different methods and from different perspectives. The general aim was to explore and describe rules of thumb and to analyse the management of respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTI and UTI) in general practice in Sweden. The results are based upon focus group interviews concerning rules of thumb and a prospective diagnosis-prescription study concerning the management of patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI or UTI. In addition unpublished data are given from structured telephone interviews concerning specific rules of thumb in acute sinusitis and prevailing cough.</p><p>GPs were able to verbalize their rules of thumb, which could be called tacit knowledge. A specific set of rules of thumb was used for rapid assessment when emergency and psychosocial problems were identified. Somatic problems seemed to be the expected, normal state. In the further consultation the rules of thumb seemed to be used in an act of balance between the individual and the general perspective. There was considerable variation between the rules of thumb of different GPs for patients with acute sinusitis and prevailing cough. In their rules of thumb the GPs seemed to integrate their medical knowledge and practical experience of the consultation. A high number of near-patient antigen tests to probe Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A tests) and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests were performed in patients, where testing was not recommended. There was only a slight decrease in antibiotic prescribing in patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI examined with CRP in comparison with patients not tested. In general, the GPs in Sweden adhered to current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV) was the preferred antibiotic for most patients allocated a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection.</p><p>In conclusion, the use of rules of thumb might explain why current practices prevail in spite of educational efforts. One way to change practice could be to identify and evaluate rules of thumb used by GPs and disseminate well adapted rules. The use of diagnostic tests in patients with infectious illnesses in general practice needs critical appraisal before introduction as well as continuing surveillance. The use of rules of thumb by GPs might be one explanation for variation in practice and irrational prescribing of antibiotics in patients with infectious conditions.</p> / On the day of the public defence the status of the articles IV and V was: Accepted.

This thesis develops an optimal interpolation method that takes daily precipitation values collected from weather stations and produces precipitation estimates on a grid. The method, called Hybrid 2.0, combines EOF-based linear interpolation with the nearest-station method. Gridded monthly precipitation is first obtained via EOF, then distributed among days via nearest station. Hybrid 2.0 builds on an earlier method, called Hybrid 1.0, that applies an inverse-distance weighting method to obtain gridded monthly values. Hybrid 2.0 uses these monthly Hybrid 1.0 values as inputs when constructing EOF functions. The data used in this thesis were obtained from the Meteorological Service of Canada. Few weather stations were located in the northern and mountain regions of Alberta prior to 1950. As a result, the Hybrid 1.0 gridded results underestimate precipitation in these regions for that period. The main contribution of Hybrid 2.0 is a substantial reduction in this bias, obtained by implicitly taking topographic elevation into account. Bias reduction is achieved by extracting EOFs from Hybrid 1.0 output for 1951-2002, when many more stations were present in the northern and mountain regions. Hybrid 2.0 is shown to be more accurate in interpolating both monthly and daily precipitation in Alberta, when compared with Hybrid 1.0 and other methods. The thesis also provides detailed analyses of precipitation trends and droughts using the gridded Hybrid 2.0 daily values. Optimality of the selected EOF modes and sensitivity to data error in the EOF-based linear reconstruction are also discussed in this thesis. Agricultural uses of historical climate data have become extremely important. Applications include: enabling prompt, optimal decisions on market prices and disaster aid, designing future agricultural practices such as adaptation to climate and technology changes, and managing risks for agricultural producers and governments in areas such as drought monitoring. Many applications require a reliable interpolation technique to accurately reconstruct daily climate estimates onto grids of various resolutions. The gridded Hybrid 2.0 daily precipitation values produced by this thesis satisfy this requirement and can be used as inputs for many agricultural applications. / Applied Mathematics

This thesis deals with problem solving of general practitioners (GPs), which is explored with different methods and from different perspectives. The general aim was to explore and describe rules of thumb and to analyse the management of respiratory and urinary tract infections (RTI and UTI) in general practice in Sweden. The results are based upon focus group interviews concerning rules of thumb and a prospective diagnosis-prescription study concerning the management of patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI or UTI. In addition unpublished data are given from structured telephone interviews concerning specific rules of thumb in acute sinusitis and prevailing cough. GPs were able to verbalize their rules of thumb, which could be called tacit knowledge. A specific set of rules of thumb was used for rapid assessment when emergency and psychosocial problems were identified. Somatic problems seemed to be the expected, normal state. In the further consultation the rules of thumb seemed to be used in an act of balance between the individual and the general perspective. There was considerable variation between the rules of thumb of different GPs for patients with acute sinusitis and prevailing cough. In their rules of thumb the GPs seemed to integrate their medical knowledge and practical experience of the consultation. A high number of near-patient antigen tests to probe Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A tests) and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests were performed in patients, where testing was not recommended. There was only a slight decrease in antibiotic prescribing in patients allocated a diagnosis of RTI examined with CRP in comparison with patients not tested. In general, the GPs in Sweden adhered to current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV) was the preferred antibiotic for most patients allocated a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection. In conclusion, the use of rules of thumb might explain why current practices prevail in spite of educational efforts. One way to change practice could be to identify and evaluate rules of thumb used by GPs and disseminate well adapted rules. The use of diagnostic tests in patients with infectious illnesses in general practice needs critical appraisal before introduction as well as continuing surveillance. The use of rules of thumb by GPs might be one explanation for variation in practice and irrational prescribing of antibiotics in patients with infectious conditions. / On the day of the public defence the status of the articles IV and V was: Accepted.

No description available.

The thesis is divided into three chapters.1) I study how monetary policy should be optimally designed when households show financial wealth heterogeneity.Main results: thanks to its ability to affect interest payments volatility, monetary policy has real effects even in a flexible-price cashless-limit environment; second, in a setup with nominal rigidities, price stability is no longer optimal. The extent of deviation from price stability depends on the initial level of debt dispersion.2) I assess the role of housing price movements in influencing the optimal design of monetary policy. Under the optimal simple rule, housing price movements should not be a separate target variable in addition to inflation. Furthermore, the welfare loss arising from targeting housing prices becomes quantitatively more significant the higher the degree of access to the credit market.3) I analyze the effects of fiscal policy in a currency area. Results: a public spending shock in one region increases private agents demand for imports and appreciates the terms of trade; second, a countercyclical fiscal rule can restore the Taylor principle, the uniqueness of the equilibrium and reduce macro-volatility.

Background: Entrepreneurship plays an indispensable role in today’s society. Especially, the creation of new ventures promotes economic growth and new opportunities. Hereof, Sweden is viewed as a role-model, since it is one of the most innovative and entrepreneurial active countries in the world. Almost 6% of Sweden’s inhabitants are currently characterized as nascent entrepreneurs and thus, are engaged in early entrepreneurial activities without having started an official venture yet. Considering the fact that nascent entrepreneurs have no prior entrepreneurial experience while facing uncertain environments, they have to evaluate the attractiveness of new venture ideas and decide whether they are worth to pursue or to drop them. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the evaluation approach of nascent entrepreneurs in the light of new venture ideas. More precisely, we want to investigate what kind of approaches they make use of when evaluating the attractiveness of those ideas and their motives behind the approaches. Method: This thesis is of qualitative nature while following an inductive approach and conducting a multiple case study with ten cases of different nascent entrepreneurs. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted in personal face-to-face meetings. For analysing the empirical findings, we engaged in within-case and cross-case analyses, where we identified and analysed common patterns and differences across the cases. Conclusion: All of the research respondents apply a variety of evaluation approaches, where they make use of their cognition as a means of judging and assessing the attractiveness of new venture ideas. Besides utilizing their social network, existing knowledge and future estimations, all nascent entrepreneurs are using heuristic rules-of-thumb for evaluating the idea attractiveness. Thereby, we identified Passion, Monetary Incentives, Resources and Market Potential as the most outstanding rules-of-thumb in the clear majority of the cases.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bdtd64931.pdf: 725709 bytes, checksum: e506cf320238d8d1a757e736677a5cda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / O estudo da preval?ncia e fatores de risco dos h?bitos bucais de suc??o n?o nutritiva ? de grande relev?ncia para a Odontologia Preventiva e Interceptativa porque abrange conhecimentos do crescimento e desenvolvimento dentofacial e os aspectos psicol?gicos relacionados aos mecanismos de instala??o e persist?ncia destes h?bitos ap?s a idade de 5 anos, onde come?am a produzir altera??es oclusais e faciais permanentes. Objetivo: Esse estudo objetiva verificar a preval?ncia de h?bitos bucais e os prov?veis fatores de risco ? persist?ncia dos mesmos. Metodologia: O presente trabalho pesquisou 1.190 crian?as na faixa et?ria de 3 a 5 anos matriculadas em creches e pr?-escolas das redes de ensino p?blica e privada da cidade do Natal. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um question?rio estruturado respondido pelos pais ou respons?vel. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma preval?ncia de 41% de h?bitos de suc??o n?o nutritiva, distribu?dos em 28,5% suc??o de chupeta e 12,5% suc??o de dedo. Foi encontrada rela??o entre a presen?a de h?bitos de suc??o de chupeta e a idade, renda, tempo de amamenta??o e escolaridade dos pais (p<0,05). A preval?ncia do h?bito de suc??o do dedo esteve relacionada ao sexo, renda, escolaridade dos pais e posi??o da crian?a na fam?lia (p<0,05). A freq??ncia de h?bitos de suc??o apresentou associa??o com o sexo, idade e escolaridade da m?e (p<0,05). Amamenta??o inferior a 6 meses (ORaj=2,931), renda familiar maior que 5 sal?rios (ORaj= 2,183) e idade de 3 anos (ORaj= 1,566) se apresentaram como fatores de risco independentes para o desenvolvimento do h?bito de chupeta. Para o desenvolvimento do h?bito de suc??o do dedo, apenas ? posi??o de filho ca?ula (ORaj= 1,452) foi considerado fator de risco independente das demais vari?veis. O sexo feminino (ORaj= 1,383) foi fator de risco independente quando se avaliou a freq??ncia do h?bito. Obtivemos uma alta preval?ncia de h?bitos de suc??o n?o nutritiva na popula??o estudada, onde as vari?veis que demonstram influ?ncia estatisticamente significativa na persist?ncia dos h?bitos de suc??o de chupeta foram a idade, o tempo de amamenta??o natural, renda familiar e a escolaridade dos pais, sendo que apenas as tr?s primeiras mantiveram-se como fator de risco independentes das demais. J? a suc??o de dedo, mostrou rela??o estat?stica com o sexo, escolaridade dos pais, renda familiar, posi??o da crian?a na fam?lia. Houve uma diminui??o na incid?ncia de h?bitos de suc??o de chupeta com o avan?ar da idade. Verificamos uma freq??ncia bastante elevada de suc??o de chupeta em crian?as amamentadas num per?odo inferior a 6 meses, enquanto para o h?bito de suc??o de dedo, n?o observamos rela??o com o tempo de amamenta??o natural