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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Time-Frequency Analysis of Intracardiac Electrogram

Brockman, Erik 01 June 2009 (has links) (PDF)
The Cardiac Rhythm Management Division of St. Jude Medical specializes in the development of implantable cardioverter defibrillators that improve the quality of life for patients diagnosed with a variety of cardiac arrhythmias, especially for patients prone to sudden cardiac death. With the goal to improve detection of cardiac arrhythmias, this study explored the value in time-frequency analysis of intracardiac electrogram in four steps. The first two steps characterized, in the frequency domain, the waveforms that construct the cardiac cycle. The third step developed a new algorithm that putatively provides the least computationally expensive way to identifying cardiac waveforms in the frequency domain. Lastly, this novel approach to analyzing intracardiac electrogram was compared to a threshold crossing algorithm that strictly operates in the time domain and that is currently utilized by St. Jude Medical. The new algorithm demonstrated an equally effective method in identifying the QRS complex on the ventricular channel. The next steps in pursing time-frequency analysis of intracardiac electrogram include implementing the new algorithm on a testing platform that emulates the latest implantable cardioverter defibrillator manufactured by St. Jude Medical and pursuing a similar algorithm that can be employed on the atrial channel.
152

CAE Methods on Vibration-Based Health Monitoring of Power Transmission Systems

Fang, Brian 01 December 2013 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis focuses on different methods to analyze power transmission systems with computer software to aid in detection of faulty or damaged systems. It is split into three sections. The first section involves utilizing finite element software to analyze gear stiffness and stresses. A quasi-static and dynamic analysis are done on two sets of fixed axis spur gears and a planetary gear system using ABAQUS to analyze the stress, strain and gear mesh stiffness variation. In the second section, the vibrational patterns produced by a simple bevel gear system are investigated by an experiment and by dynamic modeling in ADAMS. Using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the dynamic contact forces, a comprehensive frequency-domain analysis will reveal unique vibration spectra at distinct frequencies around the gear mesh frequencies, their super- and sub- harmonics, and their side-band modulations. ADAMS simulation results are then compared with the experimental results. Constraints, bearing resistant torques, and other key parameters are applied as closely as possible to real operating conditions. The third section looks closely at the dynamic contact forces of a practical two-stage planetary gear. Using the same FFT approach in the second section, a frequency-domain analysis will reveal distinct frequencies around both the first-stage and the second-stage gear mesh frequencies, and their harmonics. In addition, joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) will be applied to damaged and undamaged planetary gear systems with transient start-up conditions to observe how the frequency contents of the contact force evolve over time.
153

How conflict-specific is cognitive control? / behavioral and electrophysiological indices

Nigbur, Roland 21 December 2011 (has links)
Kognitive Kontrolle bezieht sich auf eine Vielzahl mentaler Fähigkeiten, die es uns erlauben im täglichen Leben zielgerichtete Entscheidungen zu treffen und sich flexibel an sich ständig ändernde Umweltanforderungen anzupassen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es heraus zu finden, ob Kernfunktionen im Bereich der Konfliktüberwachung, Konfliktkontrolle, Fehlerverarbeitung und die daraus resultierenden Verhaltensanpassungen durch ein einheitliches Kontrollnetzwerk geleistet werden, oder ob spezifische Mechanismen die möglicherweise durch unabhängige neuronale Kontrollschleifen realisiert sind, die Flexibilität unserer Anpassungsfähigkeit steuern. Studie 1 und Studie 2 untersuchen sowohl generelle aus auch spezifische Aspekte der Konflikt- und Fehlerverarbeitung mit Hilfe klassischer Konfliktparadigmen und dem Einsatz von Zeit-Frequenz-analytischen Auswertungsmethoden. Studie 1 untersucht anhand 3 verschiedener Konfliktparadigmen (Simon, Flanker, NoGo) die Modulation der Theta Aktivität (4-8 Hz) und verortet diese grob innerhalb des medial frontalen Cortex (MFC), einer Struktur die durch eine Vielzahl von Studien als entscheidend bei der Konfliktverarbeitung angesehen wird. Die gefundene Theta Aktivität wurde in Studie 2 genutzt, um auch dynamische Netzwerkaktivierungen bei der Bearbeitung von Reiz- und Reaktionskonflikten zu beobachten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein vermutetes Netzwerk bestehend aus MFC, lateralen präfrontalen Cortices und motorischen Arealen bei der Lösung von Reaktionskonflikten beteiligt ist. In Studie 3 wird eine Simon-Aufgabe, die innerhalb von belohnenden oder bestrafenden Kontexten durchgeführt wurde, genutzt um zu zeigen, dass Konflikt- und Fehlerverarbeitung differentiell durch die Kontextmanipulation beeinflusst werden. Entgegen voriger Annahmen scheinen mehrere neuronale Kontrollsysteme an der Lösung von Konflikten und daraus resultierenden Verhaltensanpassungen beteiligt zu sein. / Cognitive control refers to a set of mental abilities that allow us goal-directed behavior in everyday life and to flexibly adapt to permanently changing environmental demands. The goal of the present dissertation was to investigate whether core functions in the area of conflict monitoring, conflict control, error processing and behavioral adjustments caused by these processes are enabled via a unitary control network or whether specific mechanisms that are possibly realized via independent control loops are responsible for the flexibility of our adaptability. Study 1 and 2 investigate general as well as specific aspects of conflict and error processing by using classic conflict paradigms and time-frequency-analytic methods. Study 1 compares the modulation of theta activity (4-8 Hz) across 3 conflict paradigms (Simon, Flanker, NoGo) and roughly situates it within medial frontal cortex (MFC), a structure which has been characterized as crucial for conflict processing in manifold studies. The found theta activity has been used in study 2, to observe dynamic network activations during processing of stimulus and response conflicts. Data confirmed that a hypothesized network consisting of MFC, lateral prefrontal cortices and motor areas is involved in conflict resolution. In study 3 we used a Simon task which was executed either during a rewarding or a punishing context assessing the influence of motivational contexts on conflict adaptation revealing that conflict and error processing were influenced differentially by the context manipulation. Against previous assumptions, several neuronal control systems seem to be engaged during conflict resolution and resulting behavioral adjustments.
154

Analog Cancellation of a Known Remote Interference: Hardware Realization and Analysis

Doty, James M 14 November 2023 (has links) (PDF)
The onset of quantum computing threatens commonly used schemes for information secrecy across wireless communication channels, particularly key-based data-level encryption. This calls for secrecy schemes that can provide everlasting secrecy resistant to increased computational power of an adversary. One novel physical layer scheme proposes that an intended receiver capable of performing analog cancellation of a known key-based interference would hold a significant advantage in recovering small underlying messages versus an eavesdropper performing cancellation after analog-to-digital conversion. This advantage holds even in the event that an eavesdropper can recover and use the original key in their digital cancellation. Inspired by this scheme, a flexible software-defined radio receiver design capable of maintaining analog cancellation ratios consistently over 40 dB, reaching up to and over 50 dB, is implemented in this thesis. Maintaining this analog cancellation requires very precise time-frequency synchronization along with accurate modeling and simulation of the channel effects on the interference. The key sources of synchronization error preventing this test bed from achieving and maintaining perfect interference cancellation, sub-sample period timing errors and limited radio frequency stability, are explored for possible improvements. To further prove robustness of the implemented secrecy scheme, the testbed is shown to operate with both phase-shift keying and frequency-modulated waveforms. Differences in the synchronization algorithm used for the two waveforms are highlighted. Interference cancellation performance is measured for increasing interference bandwidth and shown to decrease with such. The implications this testbed has on security approaches based on intentional interference employed to confuse eavesdroppers is approached from the framework proposed in the motivating everlasting secrecy scheme. Using analog cancellation levels from the hardware testbed, it is calculated that secrecy rates up to 2.3 bits/symbol are gained by receivers (intended or not) performing interference cancellation in analog rather than on a digital signal processor. Inspired by the positive gains in secrecy over systems not performing analog cancellation prior to signal reception, a novel secrecy scheme that focuses on the advantage an analog canceller holds in receiver amplifier compression is proposed here. The adversary amplifier is assumed to perform linear cancellation after the interference has passed through their nonlinear amplifier. This is accomplished by deriving the distribution of the interference residual after undergoing an inverse tangent transfer function and perfect linear cancellation. Parameters of this scheme are fit for the radios and cancellation ratios observed in the testbed, resulting in a secrecy gain of 0.95 bits/symbol. The model shows that larger message powers can still be kept secure for the achieved levels of cancellation, thus providing an even greater secrecy gain with increased message transmission power.
155

Supervised Speech Separation Using Deep Neural Networks

Wang, Yuxuan 21 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
156

Design Of Linear Precoded MIMO Communication Systems

Bhavani Shankar, M R 04 1900 (has links)
This work deals with the design of MT transmit, MR receive antenna MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication system where the transmitter performs a linear operation on data. This linear precoding model includes systems which involve signal shaping for achieving higher data rates, uncoded MIMO Multicarrier and Single-Carrier systems and, the more recent, MIMO-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) systems employing full diversity Space-Frequency codes. The objective of this work is to design diversity centric and rate centric linear precoded MIMO systems whose performance is better than the existing designs. In particular, we consider MIMO-OFDM systems, Zero Padded MIMO systems and MIMO systems with limited rate feedback. Design of full diversity MIMO-OFDM systems of rate symbol per channel use (1 s/ pcu) : In literature, MIMO-OFDM systems exploiting full diversity at a rate of 1 s/ pcu are based on a few specific Space-Frequency (SF)/ Space-Time-Frequency (STF) codes. In this work, we devise a general parameterized framework for the design of MIMO-OFDM systems employing full diversity STF codes of rate 1 s/ pcu. This framework unifies all existing designs and provides tools for the design of new systems with interesting properties and superior performance. Apart from rate and diversity, the parameters of the framework are designed for a low complexity receiver. The parameters of the framework usually depend on the channel characteristics (number of multipath, Delay Profile (DP)). When channel characteristics are available at the transmitter, a procedure to optimize the performance of STF codes is provided. The resulting codes are termed as DP optimized codes. Designs obtained using the optimization are illustrated and their performance is shown to be better than the existing ones. To cater to the scenarios where channel characteristics are not available at the transmitter, a complete characterization of a class of full diversity DP Independent (DPI) STF codes is provided. These codes exploit full diversity on channels with a given number of multipath irrespective of their characteristics. Design of DP optimized STF codes and DPI codes from the same framework highlights the flexibility of the framework. Design of Zero Padded (ZP) MIMO systems : While the MIMO-OFDM transmitter needs to precode data for exploiting channel induced multipath diversity, ZP MIMO systems with ML receivers are shown to exploit multipath diversity without any precoding. However, the receiver complexity of such systems is enormous and hence a study ZP MIMO system with linear receivers is undertaken. Central to this study involves devising low complexity receivers and deriving the diversity gain of linear receivers. Reduced complexity receiver implementations are presented for two classes of precoding schemes. An upper bound on the diversity gain of linear receivers is evaluated for certain precoding schemes. For uncoded systems operating on a channel of length L, this bound is shown to be MRL_MT +1 for uncoded transmissions, i.e, such systems tend to exploit receiver and multipath diversities. On the other hand, MIMO-OFDM systems designed earlier have to trade diversity with receiver complexity. These observations motivate us to use ZP MIMO systems with linear receivers for channels with large delay spread when receiver complexity is at a premium. Design examples highlighting the attractiveness of ZP systems when employed on channels with large delay spread are also presented. Efficient design of MIMO systems with limited feedback : Literature presents a number of works that consider the design of MIMO systems with partial feedback. The works that consider feedback of complete CSI, however, do not provide for an efficient system design. In this work, we consider two schemes, Correlation matrix feedback and Channel information feedback that convey complete CSI to the transmitter. This CSI is perturbed due to various impairments. A perturbation analysis is carried out to study the variations in mutual information for each of the proposed schemes. For ergodic channels, this analysis is used to design a MIMO system with a limited rate feedback. Using a codebook based approach, vector quantizers are designed to minimize the loss in ergodic capacity for each of the proposed schemes. The efficiency of the design stems from the ability to obtain closed-form expression for centroids during the iterative vector quantizer design. The performance of designed vector quantizers compare favorably with the existing designs. The vector quantizer design for channel information feedback is robust in the sense that the same codebook can be used across all operating SNR. Use of vector quantizers for improving the outage performance is also presented.
157

Système M2M/IoT par satellite pour l'hybridation d'un réseau NB-IoT via une constellation LEO / M2M/IoT satellite system for the hybridization of a NB-IoT network via a LEO constellation

Cluzel, Sylvain 07 March 2019 (has links)
Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier la mise en œuvre de services de type Internet of Thing (IoT) ou Machine to Machine (M2M) par satellite. Ce type de système pose une double problématique: d'une part au niveau couche physique : les contraintes liées au terminal (limité en puissance, énergie, taille d'antenne), au canal (potentiellement avec masquage et multitrajet) et au segment spatial impliquent la mise en œuvre de différentes techniques (entrelacement, suppression d'interférents, ...) permettant d'assurer le bilan de liaison adéquat pour le service. D'autre part, le besoin d'offrir un accès à la ressource à un grand nombre de terminaux demandant un débit faible implique l'utilisation de techniques d'accès à contention optimisées, ainsi que la prise en compte au niveau accès des problématiques d'économie d'énergie. Cette couche accès doit également être en mesure de s'interfacer avec des architectures réseaux plus vastes. On peut citer par exemple les architectures Internet afin de supporter des services IP pour l'IoT, avec des notions de services intermittents, telles qu'on les retrouve dans les réseaux DTN, ou bien les architectures 4G/5G pour la mise en œuvre de services mobiles. Cette thèse va investiguer deux approches systèmes innovantes ainsi que différentes techniques aussi bien couche physique que couche accès (potentiellement couplée) permettant leur mise en œuvre. Le premier scénario système consiste à l'utilisation d'un terminal satellite relais très bas débit (contrairement au cas classique traité dans la littérature reposant sur des terminaux broadband), s'interfaçant avec des capteurs en technologie accès terrestres. Des techniques innovantes de gestion des ressources et d'économie d'énergie au travers d'une couche accès dédiée (non DVB) pourraient permettre de supporter le nombre très important de terminaux dans ce type de système. Le second scénario repose sur une communication directe avec des capteurs/objets via une constellation satellite. Cette approche pose le problème de l'efficacité de la forme d'onde pour des services extrêmement sporadique et de la fiabilisation de la communication. Il existe de nombreux travaux coté DLR sur ce type de forme d'onde avec notamment la définition de S-MIM. Néanmoins, cette solution semble complexe et de nombreuses optimisations pourraient être apportées. Coté accès, E-SSA (communication asynchrone à spectre étalé avec SIC) défini par l'ESA est également une piste de travail intéressante même si sa mise en œuvre au niveau système et sa complexité doivent être consolidées. / The aim of this thesis is to study the implementation of Internet-based services of Thing (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) through a satellite link. This type of system have to deal with two issues: first the physical layer level: terminal related constraints (limited in power, energy, and antenna size), channel (potentially with masking and multipath) and the space segment involve the implementation of different techniques (interleaving, interference cancellation,) to ensure proper link budget allowing the communication. On the other hand , the need to provide access to the resource to a large number of terminals requiring low throughput involves the use of optimized contention access techniques , as well as taking into account the level of access issues energy saving. The access layer should also be able to interface with larger networks architectures. Internet architectures for example include supporting IP services for Iota, with sporadic services, such as the ones found in the DTN networks, or 4G architectures / 5G for the implementation of mobile services. This thesis will investigate two innovative approaches and different techniques as well as physical layer access layer (potentially coupled) to their implementation. The first scenario involves the use of a very low throughput satellite relay terminal (unlike in the conventional case found in the literature based on broadband terminals), interfacing with terrestrial access technology sensors. Innovative resource management and energy saving techniques through a dedicated access layer (not DVB) could absorb the large number of terminals in this type of architecture. The second scenario is based on direct communication with sensors / objects via satellite constellation. This approach raises the question of the efficiency of the waveform for extremely sporadic services and the reliability of communication. DLR works on this type of waveform including the definition of S -MIM. However, this solution seems to be complex and many optimizations can be made. From the access layer point of view, E -SSA (asynchronous spread spectrum communication with SIC) defined by the ESA is also interesting even if its implementation to the system and its complexity level should be consolidated.
158

Geoacoustic inversion : improvement and extension of the sources image method / Inversion géoacoustique : amélioration et extension de la méthode des sources images

Drira, Achraf 10 December 2015 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse propose d’analyser les signaux issus d’une source omnidirectionnelle sphérique réfléchis par un milieu sédimentaire stratifié et enregistré par une antenne d’hydrophones, en vue de caractériser quantitativement les sédiments marins aux moyennes fréquences, i.e. comprises entre 1 et 10 kHz. La recherche développée dans ce manuscrit propose une méthodologie facilitant la recherche des paramètres géoacoustiques du milieu avec la méthode des sources images, ainsi qu’un ensemble de solutions techniques appropriées afin d’améliorer cette méthode d’inversion récemment développée. La méthode des sources images repose sur une modélisation physique de la réflexion des ondes émises par une source sur un milieu stratifié sous l’approximation de Born. Par conséquent, la réflexion de l’onde sur le milieu stratifié peut être représentée par une collection de sources images, symétriques de la source réelle par rapport aux interfaces, dont les positions spatiales sont liées à la vitesse des ondes acoustiques et aux épaisseurs des couches. L’étude se décline en deux volets : traitements des signaux et inversion des paramètres géoacoustiques. La première partie du travail est focalisée sur le développement de la méthode des sources images. La méthode originelle se basait sur la construction de cartes de migration et de semblance de signaux pour déterminer les paramètres d’entrée de l’algorithme d’inversion qui sont des temps de trajet et des angles d’arrivée. Afin d’éviter cette étape, nous détectons les temps d’arrivée avec l’opérateur d’énergie de Teager-Kaiser (TKEO) et nous trouvons les angles par une méthode de triangulation. Le modèle d’inversion a été ensuite intégré en prenant en compte la possibilité de déformation de l’antenne. Cette partie se termine par une nouvelle approche qui combine TKEO et des méthodes temps fréquence afin d’avoir une bonne détection du temps d’arrivée dans le cas de signaux fortement bruités. Sur le plan du modèle et de l’inversion géoacoustique, nous proposons tout d’abord une description précise du modèle direct en introduisant le concept de sources images virtuelles. Cette étape permet de mieux comprendre l’approche développée. Ensuite, nous proposons une extension de la méthode des sources image pour l’inversion de paramètres géoacoustiques supplémentaires : la densité, l’atténuation et la vitesse des ondes de cisaillement. Cette extension est basée sur les résultats de l’inversion originelle (estimation du nombre de strates, de leur épaisseur, et de la vitesse des ondes de compression) ainsi que sur l’utilisation de l’amplitude des signaux réfléchis. Ces améliorations et extensions de la méthode des sources images sont illustrées par leur application sur des signaux synthétiques et des signaux réels issus d’expérimentations en cuve et à la mer. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants, tant au niveau des performances de calcul que de la qualité des estimations fournies. / This thesis aims at analyzing the signals emitted from a spherical omnidirectional source reflected by a stratified sedimentary environment and recorded by a hydrophone array in order to characterize quantitatively the marine sediments at medium frequencies, i.e. between 1 and 10 kHz. The research developed in this manuscript provides a methodology to facilitate the estimation of medium geoacoustic parameters with the image source method, and some appropriate technical solutions to improve this recently developed inversion method. The image source method is based on a physical modeling of the wave reflection emitted from a source by a stratified medium under the Born approximation. As result, the reflection of the wave on the layered medium can be represented by a set of image sources, symmetrical to the real source with respect to the interfaces, whose spatial positions are related to the sound speeds and the thicknesses of the layers. The study consists of two parts : signal processing and inversion of geoacoustic parameters. The first part of the work is focused on the development of the image source method. The original method was based on migration and semblance maps of the recorded signals to determine the input parameters of the inversion algorithm which are travel times and arrival angles. To avoid this step, we propose to determine the travel times with the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) and the arrival angles are estimate with a triangulation approach. The inversion model is then integrated, taking into account the possible deformation of the antenna. This part concludes with a new approach that combines TKEO and time-frequency representations in order to have a good estimation of the travel times in the case of noisy signals. For the modeling and geoacoustic inversion part, we propose first an accurate description of the forward model by introducing the concept of virtual image sources. This idea provides a deeper understanding of the developed approach. Then, we propose an extension of the image sources method to the estimation of supplementary geoacoustic parameters : the density, the absorption coefficient, and the shear wave sound speed. This extension is based on the results of the original inversion (estimation of the number of layers, their thicknesses, and the pressure sound speeds) and on the use of the amplitudes of the reflected signals. These improvements and extents of the image source method are illustrated by their applications on both synthetic and real signals, the latter coming from tank and at-sea measurements. The obtained results are very satisfactory, from a computational point of view as well as for the quality of the provided estimations.
159

Suivi de formants par analyse en multirésolution / Formant tracking by Multiresolution Analysis

Jemâa, Imen 19 February 2013 (has links)
Nos travaux de recherches présentés dans ce manuscrit ont pour objectif, l'optimisation des performances des algorithmes de suivi des formants. Pour ce faire, nous avons commencé par l'analyse des différentes techniques existantes utilisées dans le suivi automatique des formants. Cette analyse nous a permis de constater que l'estimation automatique des formants reste délicate malgré l'emploi de diverses techniques complexes. Vue la non disponibilité des bases de données de référence en langue arabe, nous avons élaboré un corpus phonétiquement équilibré en langue arabe tout en élaborant un étiquetage manuel phonétique et formantique. Ensuite, nous avons présenté nos deux nouvelles approches de suivi de formants dont la première est basée sur l'estimation des crêtes de Fourier (maxima de spectrogramme) ou des crêtes d'ondelettes (maxima de scalogramme) en utilisant comme contrainte de suivi le calcul de centre de gravité de la combinaison des fréquences candidates pour chaque formant, tandis que la deuxième approche de suivi est basée sur la programmation dynamique combinée avec le filtrage de Kalman. Finalement, nous avons fait une étude exploratrice en utilisant notre corpus étiqueté manuellement comme référence pour évaluer quantitativement nos deux nouvelles approches par rapport à d'autres méthodes automatiques de suivi de formants. Nous avons testé la première approche par détection des crêtes ondelette, utilisant le calcul de centre de gravité, sur des signaux synthétiques ensuite sur des signaux réels de notre corpus étiqueté en testant trois types d'ondelettes complexes (CMOR, SHAN et FBSP). Suite à ces différents tests, il apparaît que le suivi de formants et la résolution des scalogrammes donnés par les ondelettes CMOR et FBSP sont meilleurs qu'avec l'ondelette SHAN. Afin d'évaluer quantitativement nos deux approches, nous avons calculé la différence moyenne absolue et l'écart type normalisée. Nous avons fait plusieurs tests avec différents locuteurs (masculins et féminins) sur les différentes voyelles longues et courtes et la parole continue en prenant les signaux étiquetés issus de la base élaborée comme référence. Les résultats de suivi ont été ensuite comparés à ceux de la méthode par crêtes de Fourier en utilisant le calcul de centre de gravité, de l'analyse LPC combinée à des bancs de filtres de Mustafa Kamran et de l'analyse LPC dans le logiciel Praat. D'après les résultats obtenus sur les voyelles /a/ et /A/, nous avons constaté que le suivi fait par la méthode ondelette avec CMOR est globalement meilleur que celui des autres méthodes Praat et Fourier. Cette méthode donne donc un suivi de formants (F1, F2 et F3) pertinent et plus proche de suivi référence. Les résultats des méthodes Fourier et ondelette sont très proches dans certains cas puisque toutes les deux présentent moins d'erreurs que la méthode Praat pour les cinq locuteurs masculins ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les autres voyelles où il y a des erreurs qui se présentent parfois sur F2 et parfois sur F3. D'après les résultats obtenus sur la parole continue, nous avons constaté que dans le cas des locuteurs masculins, les résultats des deux nouvelles approches sont notamment meilleurs que ceux de la méthode LPC de Mustafa Kamran et ceux de Praat même si elles présentent souvent quelques erreurs sur F3. Elles sont aussi très proches de la méthode par détection de crêtes de Fourier utilisant le calcul de centre de gravité. Les résultats obtenus dans le cas des locutrices féminins confirment la tendance observée sur les locuteurs / Our research work presented in this thesis aims the optimization of the performance of formant tracking algorithms. We began by analyzing different existing techniques used in the automatic formant tracking. This analysis showed that the automatic formant estimation remains difficult despite the use of complex techniques. For the non-availability of database as reference in Arabic, we have developed a phonetically balanced corpus in Arabic while developing a manual phonetic and formant tracking labeling. Then we presented our two new automatic formant tracking approaches which are based on the estimation of Fourier ridges (local maxima of spectrogram) or wavelet ridges (local maxima of scalogram) using as a tracking constraint the calculation of center of gravity of a set of candidate frequencies for each formant, while the second tracking approach is based on dynamic programming combined with Kalman filtering. Finally, we made an exploratory study using manually labeled corpus as a reference to quantify our two new approaches compared to other automatic formant tracking methods. We tested the first approach based on wavelet ridges detection, using the calculation of the center of gravity on synthetic signals and then on real signals issued from our database by testing three types of complex wavelets (CMOR, SHAN and FBSP). Following these tests, it appears that formant tracking and scalogram resolution given by CMOR and FBSP wavelets are better than the SHAN wavelet. To quantitatively evaluate our two approaches, we calculated the absolute difference average and standard deviation. We made several tests with different speakers (male and female) on various long and short vowels and continuous speech signals issued from our database using it as a reference. The formant tracking results are compared to those of Fourier ridges method calculating the center of gravity, LPC analysis combined with filter banks method of Kamran.M and LPC analysis integrated in Praat software. According to the results of the vowels / a / and / A /, we found that formant tracking by the method with wavelet CMOR is generally better than other methods. Therefore, this method provides a correct formant tracking (F1, F2 and F3) and closer to the reference. The results of Fourier and wavelet methods are very similar in some cases since both have fewer errors than the method Praat. These results are proven for the five male speakers which is not the case for the other vowels where there are some errors which are present sometimes in F2 and sometimes in F3. According to the results obtained on continuous speech, we found that in the case of male speakers, the result of both approaches are particularly better than those of Kamran.M method and those of Praat even if they are often few errors in F3. They are also very close to the Fourier ridges method using the calculation of center of gravity. The results obtained in the case of female speakers confirm the trend observed over the male speakers
160

Modèles bayésiens pour la détection de synchronisations au sein de signaux électro-corticaux / Bayesian models for synchronizations detection in electrocortical signals

Rio, Maxime 16 July 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse propose de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse d'enregistrements cérébraux intra-crâniens (potentiels de champs locaux), qui pallie les lacunes de la méthode temps-fréquence standard d'analyse des perturbations spectrales événementielles : le calcul d'une moyenne sur les enregistrements et l'emploi de l'activité dans la période pré-stimulus. La première méthode proposée repose sur la détection de sous-ensembles d'électrodes dont l'activité présente des synchronisations cooccurrentes en un même point du plan temps-fréquence, à l'aide de modèles bayésiens de mélange gaussiens. Les sous-ensembles d'électrodes pertinents sont validés par une mesure de stabilité calculée entre les résultats obtenus sur les différents enregistrements. Pour la seconde méthode proposée, le constat qu'un bruit blanc dans le domaine temporel se transforme en bruit ricien dans le domaine de l'amplitude d'une transformée temps-fréquence a permis de mettre au point une segmentation du signal de chaque enregistrement dans chaque bande de fréquence en deux niveaux possibles, haut ou bas, à l'aide de modèles bayésiens de mélange ricien à deux composantes. À partir de ces deux niveaux, une analyse statistique permet de détecter des régions temps-fréquence plus ou moins actives. Pour développer le modèle bayésien de mélange ricien, de nouveaux algorithmes d'inférence bayésienne variationnelle ont été créés pour les distributions de Rice et de mélange ricien. Les performances des nouvelles méthodes ont été évaluées sur des données artificielles et sur des données expérimentales enregistrées sur des singes. Il ressort que les nouvelles méthodes génèrent moins de faux-positifs et sont plus robustes à l'absence de données dans la période pré-stimulus / This thesis promotes new methods to analyze intracranial cerebral signals (local field potentials), which overcome limitations of the standard time-frequency method of event-related spectral perturbations analysis: averaging over the trials and relying on the activity in the pre-stimulus period. The first proposed method is based on the detection of sub-networks of electrodes whose activity presents cooccurring synchronisations at a same point of the time-frequency plan, using bayesian gaussian mixture models. The relevant sub-networks are validated with a stability measure computed over the results obtained from different trials. For the second proposed method, the fact that a white noise in the temporal domain is transformed into a rician noise in the amplitude domain of a time-frequency transform made possible the development of a segmentation of the signal in each frequency band of each trial into two possible levels, a high one and a low one, using bayesian rician mixture models with two components. From these two levels, a statistical analysis can detect time-frequency regions more or less active. To develop the bayesian rician mixture model, new algorithms of variational bayesian inference have been created for the Rice distribution and the rician mixture distribution. Performances of the new methods have been evaluated on artificial data and experimental data recorded on monkeys. It appears that the new methods generate less false positive results and are more robust to a lack of data in the pre-stimulus period

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