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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 1 to 3 of 3 (0.108 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"timeresolved experiments"" "subject:"sizeresolved experiments""
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Interakce krátkovlnných laserových impulsů s hmotou v různých časových škálách / Interaction of short-wavelength laser pulses with matter on various time scalesVozda, Vojtěch January 2020 (has links)
An advent of powerful sources producing intense and ultrashort laser pulses containing high-energy photons opened up a wide range of possibilities to conduct experiments formerly achievable only through theoretical calculations and models. This thesis provides a complex overview of processes which occur right after arrival of the first photons, through lattice heating, up to resolidification and formation of irreversible changes. Irradiated spots and craters formed in various materials are examined employing a wide range of microscopic and spectroscopic methods which provide a deep insight into laser-induced modifications such as detachment of a graphene layer from SiC substrate or thermally-induced diffusion of tellurium inclusions through CdTe lattice. An increased emphasis is placed on beam characterization utilizing ablation and desorption imprints in suitable solids. A proper knowledge of the beam fluence profile may serve for evaluation of diverse damage thresholds as well as for modelling of the pulse propagation or consequent retrieval of otherwise unmeasurable opacity of warm dense aluminium plasma heated to temperatures exceeding tens of thousands of Kelvins. Moreover, the method of desorption imprints is extended to accurate characterization of pulses delivered at MHz repetition rate....
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Cinétiques de transition de phase dans le manteau terrestre / Kinetics of phase transition in the terrestrial mantleChollet, Mélanie 27 September 2010 (has links)
L’évolution des assemblages pétrologiques avec l’augmentation de pression et de température est couramment perçue à l’équilibre et figée dans le temps. Le développement des sources synchrotron de rayons X permet à présent de mesurer in situ et en temps résolu les vitesses de transformations minéralogiques à haute pression (HP), haute température (HT). Cette thèse présente l’utilisation de cette technologie dans 2 contextes géologiques. (i) Le potentiel sismogène de la déstabilisation des minéraux hydratés dans les plaques en subduction est vérifié. Les cinétiques de déshydratation du talc, de la phase à 10Å et de l’antigorite ont été mesurées à HP-HT en système clos. Nous avons identifié que l’antigorite se déshydrate en passant par un stade intermédiaire. Toutes les vitesses de libération de fluides associées sont plus rapides que la déformation visqueuse des roches et sont donc compatibles avec le déclenchement de rupture. (ii) Les cinétiques de transition olivine-ringwoodite ont été déterminées dans la loupe de costabilité pour des compositions riches en Fe. Elles mettent en évidence une amorphisation partielle de l'olivine en début de transformation. Cela pourrait perturber de manière significative la vitesse des ondes sismiques lors de leur passage au niveau de la zone de transition mantellique. Par ailleurs, les temps caractéristiques de réaction et la réduction conséquente de la taille des grains, indiquent qu’une telle transition de phase induit une atténuation sismique importante. Ces résultats expérimentaux in situ HP-HT révèlent des mécanismes originaux de transition de phase et contribuent ainsi à une meilleure compréhension des modèles géodynamiques / The evolution of petrological assemblies with increasing pressure and temperature is commonly perceived at equilibrium and fixed within time. The development of X-ray synchrotron sources now enable to measure in situ, time-resolved rates of mineralogical transformations at high pressure (HP), high temperature (HT). This thesis presents the application of this technology in two geological settings. (i) The seismogenic ability of breakdown of hydrated minerals within the subducting slab is checked. The dehydration kinetics of talc, 10Å phase and antigorite were measured at HP-HT in a closed system. We have found that antigorite dehydrates through an intermediate stage. All associated rates of released fluids are faster than the viscous deformation of rocks and are therefore compatible with the trigger of rupture. (ii) The kinetics of olivineringwoodite transition were determined within the co-stability loop for Fe-rich compositions. They show a partial amorphization of olivine at the beginning of the transformation. This could significantly affect the velocities of seismic waves when crossing the mantle transition zone. Moreover, the characteristic times of this reaction and the substantial reduction in grain size, indicate that such a phase transition may induce a significant seismic attenuation. These in situ HP-HT experimental results reveal novel mechanisms of phase transition and thus contribute to a better understanding of geodynamic models
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Constructing and Commissioning HELIOS – A High Harmonic Generation Source for Pump-Probe Measurements with sub 50 fs Temporal Resolution : The Development of Experimental Equipment for Extreme Ultraviolet SpectroscopyTerschlüsen, Joachim A. January 2016 (has links)
This thesis presents HELIOS, an in-house laboratory for time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy with extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) probe radiation. A wide span of pump wavelengths can be generated using commercial laser equipment while XUV probe radiation is generated via a high harmonic generation process in a noble gas delivering probe photons with energies between 20 eV and 72 eV. The XUV beam path features a time-preserving monochromator and was constructed and built in-house. HELIOS features an overall time resolution of about 50 fs when using 800 nm pump and 41 eV probe photons. An energy resolution of 110 meV at 41 eV photon energy can be achieved. HELIOS features two beamlines. One µ-focus beamline with an XUV focal size of about 20 µm can be used with experiments that require such a small XUV focal size as well as with different end stations. The other beamline features a semi-permanently mounted end station for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Experiments demonstrating the usability of HELIOS and the two beamlines are presented. A pump-probe measurement on graphene demonstrates the capability of determining a large part of the k-space in only one measurement due to the use of an ARTOF angle-resolved time-of-flight electron spectrometer. A non-angle-resolved pump-probe measurement on the conducting polymer PCPDTBT demonstrates the high signal-to-noise ratio achievable at this beamline in non-angle-resolved photoelectron-spectroscopy pump-probe measurements. The usability of the µ-focus beamline is demonstrated with time-resolved measurements on magnetic samples employing an in-house-designed spectrometer. These experiments allow the retrieval of element-specific information on the magnetization within a sample employing the transversal magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE). Additionally, a Fourier transform spectrometer for the XUV is presented, the concept was tested at a synchrotron and it was used to determine the longitudinal coherence of the XUV radiation at HELIOS.
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