Performance analysis and comparison of different techniques used for anomaly detection in packet switched backbone networks.

In our everyday life we come across countless reactive systems. These are the systems that engage in stimulus-response behaviour. The development of distributed reactive systems is quite complex. Being able to rapidly develop and incrementally deploy new services, while avoiding interactions with existing ones, is a challenging task. In this thesis, service examples of a distributed reactive system are modeled using the service engineering approach proposed by Humberto Nicolás Castejón in his PhD thesis; Collaborations in Service Engineering: Modeling, Analysis and Execution. First, services are modeled as collaborations between roles. Thereafter, the behaviour of each system component is designed as a composition of the roles it plays in the different services. In many cases, a component may be requested to participate simultaneously in several occurrences of the same service, or of different services (e.g. a UserAgent representing a user in a telecommunication system may be requested to participate in several phone calls simultaneously). To address such problems, extra coordination functionality is introduced in this thesis to coordinate the roles or role instances that a system component may play at a given point in time. For this, another role is defined, which is external to the service roles and serves to coordinate role binding. This role is named as ‘Controller’. The Controller is designed to keep track of the resource status, assign the resource if it is free, and if it is not then respond to the service invitation requests according to the preferences of the actors that receive them. Depending upon how the Controller performs the coordination functionality, some coordination patterns have been investigated. Apart from modeling the service from scratch and investigating the coordination patterns for it, it has been explored in this thesis how this coordination functionality can be added into an existing service model in a modular way. Some solutions are discussed but these are the initial thoughts which can be further explored in depth. The general structure of the coordination patterns has also been identified, which further strengthened the generality of the coordination patterns.

Telephony has become an integral part in the day to day communication and new telephony services are quickly being deployed in the industry. There is a need for users to be provided with new services on the fly; these services can be composed from existing services to provide an added-value service. The vision is to allow ordinary people, who are the end users, to easily compose a set of available services and run them on their devices while they are on the move without requiring specialized IT or telecom skills.An end user service composition approach is followed that reduces the composition complexity and difficulty from the end user perspective. The approach enables the end users to personalize the compositions with a powerful presentation and supporting the end users to dynamically customize the service composition.A scenario based approach is followed whereby different practical composition scenarios are explored to shed light on several aspects of how the end users can personalize the composition process using the tool that has been presented by creating compositions that create added value services for the scenarios looked into.

With AMS comes great possibilities for increased energy efficiency, but to achieve its full potential, the end users must be provided with the necessary means of monitoring and controlling their consumption. This thesis describes the process of developing a web application prototype meant to serve such a purpose. It explains the various architectural and technological decisions that support the prototype, and it elaborates on how data from the users’ smart meters can be synthesized with price information to help users see the economic effect of their current consumption pattern. A working prototype has been developed and security- and performance tests have been carried out to mitigate bottlenecks and prevent security breaches. Observations during the pilot project have shown promising trends and it is hoped that this thesis will inspire further innovation in the field of smart energy solutions.

Nowadays, one of the aims of telepresence systems is to provide a sensation of nearness to people who are interacting with this type of systems. Many factors have a relevant repercussion in providing this feeling and some aspects are more important than others, depending on the scope of use. This thesis presents several studies made in order to analyse the degree of importance each factor has.One of these factors treated is the delay which limits the interactivity. For this reason, in this thesis, a method is proposed to measure the delay through a telepresence system. Another factor treated has been the frame rate in order to figure out which is its influence.In addition, an stereoscopic 3D setup was performed to analyse the degree of perceived depth which was introduced into the system.Finally, several pilot tests focused on musical rehearsals were made to evaluate the influence of the delay. The recording was made at 60fps in a high-definition quality.Subjective opinions about the interactivity and perception of this sort of systems were gathered.It was concluded that this sort of system was viable for interactive applications like conducting a choir, but an effort must be done when decreasing the amount of delay added by end devices. In fact, the conductor tolerated a delay (round-trip) about 118ms in rhythmic music, being still possible to conduct with difficulties. In contrast, the delay tolerance increased up to 160ms when conducting a more melodic piece of music. However, the use of 3D when there is more than one viewer does not produce much benefits. Instead of that, it is proposed to analyse multi-view systems as a future research.

Implementing unfamiliar functionalities in smartphone applications can be a difficult and a tedious task. Owing to the fact that the API do not have a formal way of representing the sequence of events may be one reason. This thesis describes the development process of various Arctis building blocks based on Android's API of Wi-Fi Direct. The objective of these blocks was to simplify the implementation of Wi-Fi Direct by confining a predictable sequence of events.An Android application was developed in order to test the functionalities, and to validate the prospects of portability for the various building blocks. The work resulted in a construction of three main building blocks, where each of them is responsible for a Wi-Fi Direct related function. Developers will be able to seamlessly utilize the Wi-Fi Direct functionality by combining and implementing these building blocks into their own applications.

The development of distributed, reactive and collaborative services is quite challenging. Rapidly composing services for collaborative learning activities require some development methods and tools. This thesis presents an extension of the City Guide application, a platform that supports situated collaborative services developed by Surya Bahudar Kathayat his PhD thesis: <i>On the Development of Situated Collaborative Services</i>. The application was developed using the engineering method SPACE and its development tool Arctis. In the extension made, two new services instant messaging and group chat have be composed and integrated into the application. The two services have been identified as basic support services that are required for a true collaborative learning experience. Using the architecture of the application, the instant messaging and group chat services were developed as components that could be incorporated with other components within the application. The results show the instant messaging and group chat service as standalone functionalities that handle their own message routing within the application and hence did not require the use of any other messaging protocols. The results also show that by using this architecture with the necessary Arctis modifications, the City Guide application opens up for unexplored possibilities where new services can be rapidly developed and integrated.

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have envisioned various applications that substantially improve traffic safety and efficiency along the roads and highways. There are on-going projects both in academia and industry to standardize VANETs and to start off their real-life deployment. Despite the huge benefits envisioned by VANETs, they cannot be readily deployed as they are subjects of serious security and privacy concerns. These security and privacy concerns should be addressed and thus VANETs require a sound Identity management architecture before their anticipated deployment. Current research efforts on Identity management (IdM) in VANETs focus on employing Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) schemes to offer the well-known security and privacy requirements for VANETs. However, identity management is a far broader concept than offering security and privacy requirements.This thesis proposed a novel Identity management (IdM) architecture for VANETs that makes distinction between identity of the driver and the identity of the vehicle. To the best of our knowledge, our architecture is the first one to make such a distinction. Smartphones are used for establishing the identity of the driver while the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is used as an identity provider by establishing an OpenID provider within IMS. To preserve anonymity of users and to avoid location tracking, we tweaked OpenID so that it assigns different pseudonym OpenID identifiers for each user. Finally, we showed how our architecture can be used to realize interoperability across different VANET domains even in the absence of trust relationship among them.

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to learn more about how to contribute to improving the daily lives of persons with dementia and those of their carers, and to increase these people’s participation in society. Methods: The thesis comprises four studies carried out between2003and2011. Study Iwas based on qualitative interviews with 20 persons with early-onset dementia living in the Southern Norway. Study II was a qualitative study with interviews of 19 support contacts,from the Southern Norway. Study III was also based on interviews, in this study with 35 administrators in local authorities, from 32 Norwegian rural and urban local authorities.Study IV was an evaluation study of an intervention for carers of people with dementia and datawere obtained in three steps; (1) a self-derived questionnaires with space for comments, completed by 45 carers after the intervention and 12 months after the starting point of the intervention; (2) interviews with 13 carers 12 months after the starting point of the intervention and analysed together with the comments from the evaluation questionnaires; and (3) a new intervention for carers of younger persons with dementia was developed based onthe findings from the two first steps. The new intervention was evaluated with a self-report questionnaire completed by the carers with space for comments based on the findings from the two first steps. The questionnaire was completed by 48 carers after the new intervention and 12 months after the starting point of this intervention. Main findings: StudyI describes how people with dementia experience living with dementia, their experiences of the process towards a dementia diagnosisand their descriptions of how they try to maintain their “quality of life”. Study II describes how support contacts perceive their work in dementia care. The study also shows the support contacts’motives for becoming a support contact and their encouraging and discouraging experiences while being a support contact. Furthermore, Study III describes the variation in the process that leads or does not lead to the use of support contacts as a service offered to families with dementia. The administrators’ skills, the accessibilityand management of the service are factorsthat influence this process of offering families with dementia a support contact.Study IV showsthat carers rated the original intervention as beingbeneficial for them,a benefit that remained. These findingscorrespondwith the findings from the interviews. Study IV also shows that the carers of younger persons with dementia benefited from the new intervention aimed at carers of younger people with dementia, a benefit that remained. The carershad valuable proposals for further interventions. Conclusion: This thesis shows us that the opinions of these families, their supporters and those of other health personnel should not be overlooked when developing services in order to facilitate the provision of the chance to participate in society to families with dementia / Mål: Hovedmålet med denne avhandlingen er å få mer kunnskaper om hvordan man kan legge til rette for å bedre hverdagen tilpersoner med demens og deres pårørende,samthvordan man kan bidra til å øke deres muligheter til deltagelse i samfunnet. Metode: Avhandlingen består av fire studier som ble gjennomført i tidsrommet 2003-2011. Studie Ivar basert på kvalitative intervjuer med 20 personer som hadde fått diagnosen demens før de fylte 65 år, som kom fra Sør-Norge. Studie II var en kvalitativ studie hvor 19 støttekontakter ble intervjuet,også disse ble inkludert fraSør-Norge.StudieIII baserte segpå intervjuer, hvor 35 ledere fra 32 norske kommunerble inkludert. Disse kommunenerepresenterte store og små byer og bygder.Studie IV var en intervensjonsstudie for pårørende til personer med demens, og data var innhentet gjennom tre steg; (1) et selvutfyllende spørreskjema med plass til kommentarer, som ble fylt ut av 45 pårørende etter intervensjonen og 12 måneder etter oppstart av intervensjonen; (2) intervjuer av 13 pårørende 12 måneder etter oppstart av intervensjonen,og analysert sammen med kommentarer fra spørreskjemaene; og(3) basert på funnene ide to første stegene ble en nyintervensjonfor pårørende til yngre personer med demens(< 65 år) utviklet. Evalueringsskjemaene til denne nye intervensjonen ble utviklet på bakgrunn av funn fra de to første stegene i Studie IV. Skjemaene blefylt ut av 47 pårørende etterintervensjonen og 12 måneder etter oppstartav intervensjonen.Disse skjemaene hadde også plass til kommentarer. Hovedfunn: Studie I beskriverhvordan mennesker med demens opplever å leve med demens og deres erfaringer knyttet til prosess som leder til å få stillet en demens diagnosen. Studien viserogsåhvordan de forsøker å opprettholde livskvalitet i det daglige. Studie II beskriver hvordan støttekontakter opplever deres arbeidsoppgaver i demensomsorgen. Studien viserogså støttekontaktenes motiver for å bli støttekontakt, og motiverendeog demotiverende erfaringer knyttet til det å være støttekontakt.Studie III beskrivervariasjonen i prosessen som leder til eller ikke leder til at støttekontakt tjenesten blir tildelt familier med demens. Lederes kunnskaper, organisering avkommunene og tilgjengelighet av tjenesten er variasjoner som påvirker tildelingen av en støttekontakt.Studie IV viser at pårørende hadde nytte av den opprinnelige intervensjonenogeffekten forble. Disse funn samsvarermed funn fra intervjuene med pårørende. Studien viser også at den nye intervensjonen for pårørende til yngre personer med demens var nyttig for disse pårørende og denne effekten forble. Pårørende forbedret intervensjonene og de hadde verdifulle forslag til videre utvikling av intervensjonene. Konklusjon: Denne avhandlingen viser at disse familiene, støttekontaktene og annet helsepersonells meninger ikke må bli oversett når en skalutvikle tjenestetilbud og tilrettelegge tjenester slik at det er mulig for familier med demens å delta i samfunne

<p>The motivation for this work is based on two recognized research issues for digital libraries. One is the need for interlinked and semantically rich information spaces where relationship information is of particular importance. The other is the serviceoriented architecture of digital libraries. The digital libraries of the future will consist of smaller and independent systems that each will provide different functionality and access to different contents.</p><p>This work defines and explores a service for managing and using explicit relationships – the Digital Library Link Service. The service implements an instance-oriented approach to relationships that enables any kind of typed relationship to be created among the information objects of digital libraries. The service can be used to create consistent information spaces on top of digital library repositories and enables an associative organization and retrieval of information objects.</p><p>This work shows that the use of a fine-grained relationship model implemented as distributed objects enables distribution of the relationship network while still being able to support constraints and maintain consistency. The cost of this, however, is a complexity that can reduce performance and scalability due to the call latency of network communication. A prototype is developed that utilizes caching in order to solve this. Tests conducted show that this technique significantly contributes to the scalability and efficiency. This is particularly important when the relationship information is distributed across different processes with high calllatency in between.</p><p>The work further presents a prototype application for enhancing bibliographic catalogues with the rich set of relationship types defined in the bibliographic information model proposed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions – the FRBR model. The Digital Library Link Service is used to implement an index that facilitates the navigation of bibliographic relationships in order to explore bibliographic entities along the paths laid out by the FRBR model. This demonstrates the applicability of the service as a flexible tool for associative organization of information objects.</p><p>The main applications of the service are limited to systems with a relaxed requirement in terms of automatic processing of larger sets of relationships. The main access paradigm explored for interacting with relationships is by navigation. The need for automatic and efficient processing of a large relationship network, e.g. for the purpose of indexing, can be supported by extending the system with additional functionality. Another recognized problem is that the use of CORBA references to address long-term persistent information can cause referential integrity problems. One possible way to solve this is to assigning objects globally unique identifiers that later can be used to recover from referential integrity problems. </p>