Thèse (M.Ps.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 65-70. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Title: Effect of exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tone after physical activity Aims: The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize theoretical findings regarding the muscle tonus, biomechanical characteristics of soft tissues and the influence of exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tonus. In practical part, the influence of exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tonus after anaerobic exercise was evaluated using the measuring instrument - myotometer. Methods: Diploma thesis was approached as pilot and was processed at FTVS-UK in the form of analytical-comparative study on the group of six probands who experienced endurance Wingate test and then they underwent the exteroceptive stimulation technique. The main objective of this experiment was the evaluation of effect of stroking - the exteroceptive stimulation on muscle tonus. The muscle tonus was measured before the exertion, after anaerobic exertion, after passive rest and after exteroceptive stimulation. Measuring of muscle tonus of m. soleus was performed in FTVS-UK laboratory using myotonometer. The data were displayed through analog-digital convertor and were subsequently processed in program Matlab. Outcomes: Experiment partly proved mutual relationship between skin and muscle and possibility of influencing the muscle using the exteroceptive...

POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF INDENTATION TESTS WHILE STUDYING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOFT TISSUES OF THE HUMAN LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM IN VIVO, IN SITU ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to analyze possibilities of the use of indentation tests, while studying mechanical properties of human locomotor system soft tissues in vivo, in situ. The synthesis of published findings and the results of our own surveys were used. A mathematical model of the indentation test was created as a part of theory. The geometry of the task was formulated as a solid cylinder penetrating into an infinite half-space made of viscoelastic material. The solution is based on the traditional analytical approach concerning stationary loading of flexible material. This procedure is generalized for Neo-Hooke's hyperelastic material and large deformations. The quantification of dissipative processes is based on the assumption that the stress tensor of a viscoelastic material can be decomposed into a purely elastic constituent and a purely dissipative constituent. The model enables to determine both elastic and viscous properties of the material. Experimental part of the work includes validation experiments. Based on the findings, it can be stated that myotonometry is a valid diagnostic method that allows an objective assessment of muscle tone...

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Orientador: Jorge Rizzato Paschoal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T07:18:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tessitore_Adriana_D.pdf: 12454982 bytes, checksum: 981e89f52f8f84566e6227b2354f5d34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A Paralisia Facial (PF) tem sido progressivamente, objeto de estudo dos fonoaudiólogos que trabalham com motricidade e reabilitação orofacial. A terapia visa a reabilitação das funções orais - sucção, deglutição, mastigação, fala e expressividade facial. Na paralisia facial periférica (PFP), a diminuição dos movimentos faciais e seqüela estética resultantes podem ter repercussões emocionais importantes, além do déficit funcional. A reabilitação orofacial favorece a recuperação de movimentos e a adequação e/ou a adaptação das funções orofaciais e de expressividade, mediante atuação no tônus muscular. Entretanto, quantificar os resultados terapêuticos na tentativa de aferição do tônus muscular é tarefa difícil. O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar a mudança do ACL a partir de um protocolo específico aplicado em pacientes com paralisia facial periférica. Os objetivos específicos foram estudar a variação do ACL, entre o início e o final do tratamento de reabilitação e avalia a confiabilidade da variação desse ângulo como elemento quantificador da eficácia terapêutica. Foram estudados 20 pacientes com PFP (grau IV), encaminhados para reabilitação orofacial do Ambulatório de Paralisia Facial do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, num ensaio longitudinal prospectivo. A constatação da evolução funcional favorável baseou-se na melhora do tônus muscular com a reabilitação. A variação do tônus foi aferida mediante modificação no ACL. O estudo foi feito nas imagens da documentação fotográfica pré (após quinze dias de instalação da paralisia facial) e pós-tratamento de um ano. Para comprovação da eficácia da reabilitação, comparou-se o ACL pré e pós-reabilitação. O grupo estudado foi comparado a um grupo controle composto de nove sujeitos com paralisia facial grau IV, não submetidos a reabilitação orofacial. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste emparelhado das amostras (T-Student). A confiabilidade da medida do ACL foi aferida através do teste de coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. A média da idade dos pacientes estudados foi 47,65 anos, com desvio padrão (DP) 13,50. A média do ACL pré-reabilitação foi 101,70 e, pós-reabilitação, diminuiu para 93,80 (DP = 4,3). O teste estatístico revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p< 0, 001). A análise de confiabilidade demonstrou que existe uma alta correlação entre as medidas de ângulos para os três juízes, sendo estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). O teste estatístico T-Student aplicado para comparação entre o grupo estudado e o grupo controle revelou que a média do ACL no grupo controle foi 100.9, não tem diferença com a média das medidas iniciais do grupo estudado (p=0,723). Em contrapartida apresentou significância estatística na comparação dos valores pós tratamento (p=0.001). Concluímos que o ACL é um marcador antropométrico que nos permite avaliar objetivamente a modificação do tônus da musculatura facial na PFP. Esse protocolo de reabilitação permitiu incremento marcante do tônus muscular, com melhora significativa da simetria do rosto no repouso facial / Abstract: Facial Paralysis has progressively been object of study by speech therapists Who work with motor skills and orofacial rehabilitation. The objective of the therapy is to rehabilitate oral functions - suction, swallowing, mastication, speech and facial expressiveness. The impairment of facial movements and aesthetical sequelae as a consequence of peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) have important emotional repercussions besides functional deficit. Orofacial rehabilitation improve recuvery of movements and adjustment and/or adaptation of the orofacial functions by acting on muscular tonus. However quantifying the therapeutic results in an attempt to valuate muscular tonus is a hard task. The general objective of this thesis was to assess the change on the LCA from a specific protocol applied to patients with peripheral facial paralysis. The specific objectives were to study the LCA variation between the beginning and end of rehabilitation treatment and to assess the reliability of this angle's variation as a quantifying element of therapeutic efficacy. Twenty patients with PFP (HB IV) were studied. They were refered for orofacial rehabilitation from the Facial Paralysis Ambulatory of the Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP. This is a prospective longitudinal study. The study was based on the photographically documentation images before (after fifteen days of facial paralysis onset) and one year after treatment. The value of LCA was compared before and one year after treatment. The patients were compared to a control group of nine pacients with PFP - HB IV Who were did not undergo orofacial rehabilitation. The data were analyzed statistically using a T-student test. The reliability of the measurement of the LCA was verifiedusing a Pearson correlation coefficient test. The average age of the patients was 47.65 years, with a standard deviation (SD) of 13.50. The LCA average before rehabilitation was of 101.7o and, after rehabilitation, it 93.8o (SD = 4.3). The statistical test showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The reliability analysis showed that there is a high correlation among the three angle measurements for the three judges, therefore being statistically significant (p<0.001). The statistical T-test applied to compare the group which was studied with the control groups has revealed that the average LCA in the control group was 100.9, and there is no difference with the average of the initial measurements in the group which was studied (p = 0.723). On the other hand, there is a statistical significance in the comparison of post-treatment values (p=0.001). We concluded that the LCA is an anthropometric marker which seems to allow objectively assessment the muscular tonus modification on facial muscles in patients with PFP. Our protocol of rehabilitation improved the muscular tonus, and facial functions / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Affonso Moyses / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T18:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jardini_RenataSavastanoRibeiro_D.pdf: 2104827 bytes, checksum: 23920f2f98046659663ef841a46411d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: As alterações na musculatura e função linguais podem resultar em deglutições atípicas, distúrbios articulatórios, respiração oral, na síndrome da apnéia do sono (SAHOS) e em alterações estéticas, como as "papadas". Fez-se uso do Exercitador Lingual, desenvolvido pela autora, para fortalecer a musculatura da língua e trazer maior eficiência à reeducação. O objetivo foi propor outra forma de tratamento que consiste no fortalecimento dos músculos elevadores da língua, longitudinal superior e transverso, minimizando a ação do genioglosso. Participaram 76 crianças (6 a 18 anos), sendo 38 sem alterações - grupo controle (GC) e 38 sintomáticas, por deglutições atípicas, distúrbios articulatórios de /s/ (ceceio), /r/ (dorsalização) e respiradores orais - grupo experimental (GE). A avaliação propôs a manutenção da língua afilada e protraída por 30 segundos, classificadas em normotensas quando atingiam 30s e flácidas abaixo desse tempo, divididas em severas (0s a 8s); moderadas (9s a 15s) e leves (16s a 29s). A deglutição e a fala receberam escores de zero (inadequação máxima) a três (correta automatização da função). O GE foi avaliado em T0, início do tratamento; T1, 15 dias de uso do aparelho; T2, 45 dias e T3, 90 dias. Obteve-se, como resultados, 83,33% de correlação entre o tempo do afilamento lingual e o tempo de uso do aparelho. Em relação à deglutição, a correlação que era de 99,83% no início do tratamento, passou para -74,80% em T3. Após 90 dias de exercitação os grupos tornaram-se estatisticamente iguais. A adequação muscular propiciou uma melhora no desempenho da função, atingindo a correta automatização (86,84% de línguas normotensas; 89,47% com deglutição adequada, 69,23% eliminaram o distúrbio articulatório e 100% de respiradores nasais). Conclui-se que a intervenção proposta colaborou de forma significativa na reeducação lingual para os indivíduos pesquisados, restabelecendo a normalidade no desempenho das funções de deglutição e fala em 90 dias de exercitação / Abstract: The alterations in tongue musculature and functions have resulted in atypical deglutitions, articular disorders, oral breathing and the sleep apnea syndrome (SOHAS), as well as esthetic alterations, such as the "double chins". The Lingual Exerciser was developed by the author in order to strengthen tongue musculature, minimize the exercising time and provide higher effectiveness to reeducation. The objective of the present study was to introduce a new treatment approach for the tongue musculature, which comprises the strengthening of the elevator muscles, superior longitudinal and transverse. Seventy-six children (6 to 18 years old) were selected and divided into two groups: control group (CG), n = 38, with no alterations; and experimental group (EG), n = 38, symptomatic children, presenting atypical deglutitions, phonetic articular disorders of the /s/, frontal lisping and /r/, dorsalization or retroflection, and oral breathers. The idealized evaluation proposed to maintain the tongue tapered and protracted for 30 seconds, being classified as normotense when they reached 30 seconds, and hypotense when they were not able to keep to position for this period of time, subdivided into severe, (0s to 8s); moderate (9s to 15s); and mild (16s to 29s). Deglutition and speech were scored from 0 (maximum inadequacy) to 3 (correct function automation). The EG was evaluated in T0 for treatment baseline; T1, 15- day use of the appliance; T2, 45-day use, and T3, 90 days. The results achieved represent 83.33% of probability that the increased time of tongue tapering is related to the increased time of appliance use; after 90 days of exercising, the results were statistically significant for tongue tonicity, deglutition and speech, which made control and experimental groups statistically similar. With relation to deglutition symptomatology, the correlation which was 99.83% in the baseline, decreased to 74.80% in T3, showing that the longer the time of appliance use, the better the deglutition. There was an improvement in function performance as a consequence of the muscular fit, providing the correct automation (86.84% of the tongue became normotense; 89.47% of the individuals started to present appropriate deglutition, 69.23% eliminated articular disorder, and 100% became nasal breathers). It is possible to conclude that the approach proposed have significantly collaborated for the tongue reeducation of the individuals investigated, reestablishing normality in performing the functions of both deglutition and speech in 90 days of exercising / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Estudos anteriores demonstraram que uma fraÃÃo rica (F(3-5)) em alcalÃides indÃlicos extraÃda das cascas da raiz de Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. exibe funÃÃo prÃ-eretil in vivo e relaxamento em corpos cavernosos de coelhos in vitro. Um estudo recente demonstrou que 17-nor-subincanadina E (SEC), um alcalÃide extraÃdo das cascas do caule da mesma planta, apresentou atividade prÃ-eretil in vivo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito desse alcalÃide sobre o tÃnus de diferentes tipos de musculatura lisa de coelhos e investigar o mecanismo de aÃÃo da substancia sobre o mÃsculo liso cavernoso in vitro. Os tecidos foram montados em banhos de 5 ml contendo soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit (CO2 5% - O2 95%; 37ÂC). A resposta relaxante mÃxima induzida por SEC (1 â 100 Âg/ml) em segmentos de corpos cavernosos de coelhos contraÃdos com fenilefrina (PHE-10&#956;M) foi de 100%, e apresentou um efeito relaxante preferencial para esse tecido, IC50[7, 174 (3,155 - 16,31) &#956;g/ml]. SEC promoveu tambÃm relaxamento em anÃis de aorta na presenÃa e na ausÃncia de endotÃlio, IC50[29,76 (90,32 â 115,6) &#956;g/ml] e IC50[26,13 (75,83 â 119,9) &#956;g/ml], respectivamente, anÃis de traquÃia IC50[60,25 (0,330 â 109,8) &#956;g/ml] e em segmentos de duodeno IC50[76,78 (33,09 â 178,2) &#956;g/ml]. O relaxamento induzido por SEC (1 â 100 Âg/ml) nÃo foi afetado por bloqueadores adrenÃrgicos (fentolamina e guanetidina), muscarÃnicos (atropina), ou bloqueadores dos canais de potÃssio dependentes de ATP (KATP)(glibenclamida) e ativados por cÃlcio (Kca) (apamina e iberiotoxina) e nem na presenÃa de L-NAME; a adiÃÃo de ODQ (30 ÂM) bloqueou o relaxamento induzido por SEC (79,1%  4,5%; p<0,05). Observou-se tambÃm um aumento dos nÃveis teciduais de AMPc (331,95%  26,1%; p<0,05) e GMPc (21,5%  4,2%; p<0,05). SEC (10 Âg/ml e 30 Âg/ml) potencializou o relaxamento induzido por gliceriltrinitrato (GTN) e forskolina (FK) e foi capaz de diminuir o relaxamento induzido pela estimulaÃÃo por campo elÃtrico (ECE) (65,0%  10,9%; p< 0,05). SEC 15 &#956;g/ml bloqueou a contraÃÃo induzida por CaCl2 1 - 300 mM em corpos cavernosos de coelhos prÃ-contraÃdos com K+ (40 mM), 0 Ca++. Nossos resultados indicam que SEC manifesta atividade relaxante preferencial no mÃsculo liso cavernoso a nÃvel perifÃrico e que esse efeito està aparentemente relacionado com um aumento dos nÃveis de AMPc e GMPc e um possÃvel bloqueio do fluxo de cÃlcio. Estes dados sugerem que Aspidosperma ulei Markgf. pode ser explorada como uma alternativa para o tratamento da disfunÃÃo erÃtil. / Past studies have shown that the indole alkaloidal rich fraction (F(3-5)) from Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. root bark displays pro-erectile function in vivo and a relaxant effect on isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro. Also, a recent study demonstrated the in vivo pro-erectile like activity of 17-nor-subincanadina E (SEC), an alkaloid isolated from stem bark of this plant. This study aimed to assess further the effect of SEC on the smooth muscle tone (spontaneous or induced) in vitro, utilizing the strips of tracheal, intestinal, vascular and corpus cavernosal tissues of rabbits. An attempt was also made to study the possible mechanism of SEC on rabbit corpus cavernosum (RbCC). RbCC strips, were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs solution. After equilibration, the tissues were precontracted with phenylephrine (10 ÂM) or potassium (40mM). SEC (1-100 &#956;g/ml) caused a concentration dependent relaxation in the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum precontracted with phenylephrine and displayed comparatively greater relaxant effect on corpus cavernosum IC50 [7,174 (3,155-16,31) &#956;g/ml], SEC produced concentration-dependent relaxations of the aortic rings in endothelium intact and denuded IC50[29,76 (90,32â115,6) &#956;g/ml] and IC50[ 26,13 (75,83â119,9) &#956;g/ml], respectively, trachea rings IC50[60,25 (0,330-109,8) &#956;g/ml], and of spontaneous motility in segments of duodenum IC50[76,78 (33,09â178,2) &#956;g/ml]. The relaxant effect of SEC (1-100 Âg/ml) on phenylephrine contraction was unaffected in the presence of adrenergic blockers (phentolamine and guanethidine), muscarinic blocker (atropine), KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide), Ca2+-dependent K+ channel blockers (apamin and iberiotoxin), and in the presence of N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME 100 ÂM)). However, the SEC relaxation was significantly attenuated by ODQ (30 &#956; M) (79.1%Â4.5%, p <0.05). Incubations of RbCC with SEC (10 and 30 Âg/mL) caused significant increases of cGMP (21.5%Â4.2%, p <0.05) and cAMP (331.95%Â26.1%, p <0.05) levels. Preincubation with SEC (10 and 30 ÂM) also significantly enhanced the relaxation response to the exogenous NO-donor (GTN) and an activator of adenyl cyclase (forskolin). the relaxations evoked by electrical stimulation was significantly decreased by SEC (10 Âg/mL) (65.0%Â10.9%, p <0.05). The phasic component of the contraction induced by K+ 40 mM as well as the maximal contraction elicited by increasing external Ca2+ concentrations in depolarized corpora cavernosa was inhibited by SEC (15 Âg/mL). Our results indicate that SEC can induce comparatively a greater relaxant effect on rabbit cavernosal tissue in vitro via a mechanism that involves an increase of cAMP and cGMP levels and a blocking effect on calcium flux. These data suggest that Aspidiosperma ulei Markgr. can be explored as an alternative for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Comprendre et mieux définir la pathophysiologie de l'asthme est essentiel au développement de traitements plus efficaces. L'hyperréactivité bronchique et le tonus élevé du muscle lisse entourant les voies respiratoires sont deux caractéristiques majeures de l'asthme. Si une causalité existe entre ces caractéristiques, elle demeure encore inconnue. Le travail présenté dans ce Mémoire décrit comment un tonus, induit par un spasmogène, affecte la réactivité bronchique à une bronchoprovocation in vivo chez la souris. La capacité contractile de trachées murines excisées a aussi été mesurée afin d'évaluer si la réponse obtenue in vivo implique le muscle lisse. Les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire démontrent qu'in vivo, les souris exposées à un tonus voient leur réactivité bronchique augmenter en réponse à une dose d'un spasmogène, comparées aux souris contrôles. Les résultats démontrent également que la réponse obtenue est causée, du moins en partie, par une augmentation de la capacité contractile du muscle lisse. Suite à ces résultats, les mécanismes moléculaires possiblement impliqués dans le gain de force induit par le tonus ont été investigués. L'hypothèse est que les voies de signalisation en aval de l'activation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G sont responsables de l'augmentation de la capacité contractile du muscle lisse. L'inhibition de la polymérisation de l'actine, l'activation de la chaîne légère de myosine, l'activation de protéines G et l'inhibition des protéines kinases activées par les mitogènes ont donc été évaluées. Les résultats démontrent qu'aucune des voies de signalisation étudiées est impliquée dans le gain de force du muscle lisse provoqué par un tonus induit par la présence continue d'un spasmogène. Ces résultats démontrent la complexité que représente la recherche des mécanismes moléculaires du gain de force et que cette recherche doit être plus approfondie. / To understand and better define the pathophysiology of asthma is essential for the development of more effective treatments. Airway hyperresponsiveness and an elevated airway smooth muscle tone are two common features of asthma. Whether causality exists between these two characteristics is unknown. The work presented in this Master's thesis describes how a tone induced by a spasmogen affects airway responsiveness in vivo in mice to a spasmogenic challenge. The contractile capacity of excised murine tracheas was also measured to evaluate whether the obtained response in vivo involved airway smooth muscle. The results presented in this Master's thesis demonstrate that mice exposed to tone in vivo have an increased response to a high dose of a spasmogen, compared to control mice. The results also show that this response is caused, at least partly, by an increase in airway smooth muscle contractile capacity. Following these results, molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the gain in force induced by tone were investigated. It was hypothesized that signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors were responsible for the increase in airway smooth muscle contractile capacity. Therefore, the inhibition of actin polymerization, the activation of myosin lightchain, the activation of G proteins, and the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases were evaluated to assess whether they mediate the gain in force induced by tone. The results show that none of the pathways studied were implicated in the gain in force induced by tone elicited by the continuous presence of a spasmogen. These latter results demonstrate that the mechanisms leading to a gain in airway smooth muscle force following an induced tone are complex and will require further investigation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Master's thesis topic: Objectification of selected rehabilitation techniques used to influence the muscle tone Author: Bc. Zuzana Pavelková Branch of study: TVS_B Disertation Tutor: PhDr. Petr Šifta, Ph.D. Year of Defense: 2012 Abstract: The aim of this study was to discover, whether four selected rehabillitation techniques (dry-needling application, cryotherapy, stretching and kinesiotaping) influence the muscle tone of musculus gastrocnemius and musculus soleus. It was assumed, that above mentioned methods decrease the muscle tone of selected muscles, that was increased by previous running performance or owing to acute or chronic problems with Achilles tendon. The muscle tone was measured by myotonometer in Kinesiology laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University in Prague; muscle tone of twelve students of thisfaculty was measured. Data were displayed by using an analog- digital convertor and consequently evaluated. The results of this study indicate, that four selected rehabillitation methods influence the muscle tone of musculus gastrocnemius and musculus soleus. The muscle tone was best influenced by application of dry-needling and by kinesiotaping; results of muscle tone measurement after dry-needling application and kinesiotaping confirmed above stated...