Eine Absicherung der Maschinendynamik im gesamten Arbeitsraum unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Maschinensteuerung kann nur durch eine mechatronische Analyse der Werkzeugmaschine auf Gesamtsystemebene erfolgen. Derart komplexe Berechnungen erfordern allerdings die Simulation von großen Verfahrbewegungen (MKS) unter Berücksichtigung der Strukturelastizitäten (FEM) sowie der Steuerung (Controls) und sind somit vor allem multi–disziplinären Virtual Prototyping Tools vorbehalten. Die erfolgreiche multi-disziplinäre WZM–Berechnung stellt außerordentlich hohe Anforderungen an die Modellbildungsgüte der einzelnen Maschinenkomponenten inklusive der Validierung des jeweils gewählten Modellierungsansatzes bzw. Detailierungsgrades. Dieses gilt insbesondere für funktionelle Komponenten wie Linearantriebe, Kugelgewindetriebe usw., da diese nicht ohne Weiteres aus einem CAD–Baugruppenmodell abgeleitet und in das Berechnungsmodell übernommen werden können. Das zur Modellierung und Simulation notwendige Expertenwissen ist in einer vordefinierten, parametrischen Komponentenbibliothek – ähnlich einem Baukastenprinzip – implementiert.

La pollution diffuse provenant des milieux agricoles a une influence majeure sur la qualité de l’eau. Le transport de sédiments et de nutriments, tels que le phosphore et l’azote, est particulièrement préoccupant. Les changements climatiques anticipés modifieront le régime hydrologique des rivières, ce qui entraînera des conséquences difficiles à anticiper, notamment sur la qualité de l’eau. Le site à l’étude est le bassin versant de la rivière Tomifobia, situé au sud-ouest du Québec, qui possède une superficie de 436 km² et qui comporte une forte activité agricole. Il a un impact important sur la qualité de l’eau du lac Massawippi puisqu’il draine 70% de son bassin versant. Le modèle hydrologique spatialisé Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) a été utilisé pour effectuer l’évaluation quantitative et qualitative de l’apport en eau à la rivière. Les activités agricoles ont été représentées dans le modèle selon un calendrier typique pour chacune des différentes cultures. Le calage et la validation du modèle pour le débit de la rivière Tomifobia ont été effectués à l’aide de la reconstitution des apports au lac Massawippi. Pour la qualité de l’eau, les données provenant de l’Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement (IRDA), du Comité de gestion du bassin versant de la rivière Saint-François (COGESAF) et la campagne d’échantillonnage du Groupe de recherche sur l’eau de l’Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS) ont été utilisées. Les éléments analysés par rapport à la qualité de l’eau sont les sédiments, le phosphore et les nitrates. Différentes projections climatiques ont été entrées dans le modèle dans le but de déterminer les tendances hydrologiques futures. L’impact des changements climatiques sur le régime hydrologique se traduit principalement par une augmentation des débits hivernaux et une diminution des débits printaniers. Aucune tendance statistiquement significative n’a été observée pour la période estivale et automnale. L’effet des changements climatiques sur les exportations de nitrates est similaire à celui sur le débit. Pour les exportations de sédiments et de phosphore, on note une hausse à l’hiver, une baisse au printemps et une hausse pour l’été et l’automne.

Syfte Vårt syfte är att utreda och analysera vad som karaktäriserar filmmusik samt klarlägga musikens betydelse för film. Forskningsfrågor På vilket sätt kan film och musik influera varandra och hur kan samspelet mellan dem se ut? Hur kan musik användas som ett verktyg för att påverka helhetsupplevelsen av film?   Metod Vår studie är av en kvalitativ karaktär grundad i ett växelspel mellan en induktiv och en deduktiv ansats. Empirisk data baseras på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Slutsats I studien har vi kommit fram till att filmmusik har stor betydelse för kundens slutgiltiga upplevelse av en film. Filmmusik kan fungera i ett sätt att guida konsumenten genom filmen och ta till sig det uttryck som vill förmedlas. För att musiken ska få sin ultimata kraft bör det finnas en fin balansgång i samspelet mellan komponenterna. Det finns ingen mall att följa när det kommer till musiksättande i samband med film, sammanhanget är det som spelar roll. De båda medieformerna kan vid rätt balans sinsemellan höja och även dra fokus till varandra. / Purpose          Our purpose of this study is to investigate and analyse what characterises film music and what makes the music significant for film.   Research questions In what way can film and music influence each other and how can the interaction between the two take form? How can music be used as a tool to influence the general experience of the film? Method Our method in this study is based on a qualitative approach with an interplay between an inductive and deductive hypothesis. Empirical data is based on seven semi structured interviews.   Conclusion Our study has shown that film music has great impact on the customer's experience of a film. Film music can work as a way to guide the consumer through the movie and absorb the expression that is transmitted. For the music to reach its full potential there should be a balance in the interaction between the components. There is no specific right or wrong when it comes to putting music into films, it is the context that matters. With the right balance both forms of media can accentuate and market each other.

Previous research on the biomechanics of tool use has focused heavily on traits correlated with locomotion, tool manufacturing, and habitual tool use. Features like the breadth of the metacarpals, relative length of the thumb, styloid process of the third metacarpal, and the breadth of the apical tufts are skeletal features associated with the use and development of stone tools. However, there are many traits of the distal forelimb that may also be correlated directly with the development and use of tools. The purpose of this research is to analyze morphological features of the hands and compare them to features of the arm in humans, fossil Homo and the great apes to understand how the hominin distal arm functions as a mosaic in response to the use of stone tools. The results indicate a separation between tool-users and non-tool users when all distal forelimb dimensions are examined. Omo 40-19 falls closer to non-tool users when univariate plots of ulna length and breadth are examined. Ratios of hand measurements to radius length are better at polarizing the tool-users from non-tool users than are hand dimensions to ulna length ratios. These results highlight the role of the radius in stabilizing the hand during stone tool production.

Superstitions flourish in cultures around the word and in everyday life. Superstitions are so prevalent and influence personal and political decisions, therefore, we sought to develop a classroom demonstration of superstitious behavior that could be used to show quickly and effectively how powerful adventitious reinforcement could be in modifying behavior. An online game was developed and played by one hundred thirteen university students enrolled in a class on critical thinking. Participants gained points (reinforcement) arbitrarily during either 25% or 50% of each game's (A or B) 3 minute duration. Although points were non-contingent, students often engaged in superstations rules or patterns. Results of both self-reports and computer generated data showed, the games were successful in producing superstitious behavior patterns in about 50% of our participants. More students showed superstitious behavior in the 50% game than in the 25% game. We conclude that this is due to the higher reinforcement rate of in 50% game. For future studies, rearranging the stimulus array into a pattern that does not itself strongly control behavior could help refine the results.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Objective The purpose of the mixed methods study was to compare barriers and facilitators encountered by low-income African American women who engaged in different infant feeding practices. Methods Using the positive deviance approach and modified Integrated Model as theoretical frameworks, the research began with a qualitative study that informed a survey examining intention, skills, and environmental factors differentiating women’s infant feeding practices. Results Twenty-eight and 190 low-income African American adult women participated in focus groups or interviews and a survey, respectively. In the qualitative study, positive deviants, who breastfed for at least four months, seemed to have stronger breastfeeding intentions, self-efficacy and breastfeeding support than other women. In the final multinomial multiple logistic regression, for a one unit increase in the PBC scale of the revised Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool, there was a 50% (OR 1.5[1.3-1.7]) and an 18% (OR 1.18 [1.03-1.3]) increase in the odds of breastfeeding at least three months (positive deviance) compared to only formula-feeding and breastfeeding for less than three months, respectively. Women who did not smoke postpartum were 4.3 [1.5-12.3] and 5.6 [2.1-15.1] times as likely to be positive deviants; women who had C-sections were 3.6 [1.3-9.6] and 2.9 [1.0-7.8] times as likely to be positive deviants compared to only formula-feeding and breastfeeding for less than three months, respectively. Women who ranked WIC full breastfeeding packages as most valuable were 14.9 [4.8-45.5] and 16.1 [5.3-50.0] times as likely to be positive deviants compared to only formula-feeding and breastfeeding for less than three months, respectively. Discussion High breastfeeding self-efficacy was associated with positive deviance, although the qualitative study findings suggested that general self-efficacy may also influence breastfeeding success. The likelihood of not smoking being associated with longer duration of breastfeeding is consistent with previous research. The C-section results may reflect a longer length of hospital stay leading to increased mastery of breastfeeding prior to discharge. Analysis of participants’ valuation of WIC infant feeding incentives led to the suggestion that WIC incentives be re-examined. Further exploration of these findings and subsequent interventions may lead to improved breastfeeding rates among low-income African American women.

Through collaboration between the Substance Abuse and Addiction Recovery Alliance (SAARA) and several community partners, a need was identified for a new measurement tool to gather comprehensive client histories for program evaluation and development. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop a culturally relevant and organizationally appropriate mechanism for the collection of comprehensive client histories and (2) to provide the opportunity for staff to engage in a new process of developing and implementing data collection strategies. As a result of the use of a community-based participatory approach, (1) a missed opportunity for program evaluation and development was identified, (2) a community-based research study was developed, (3) staff were invested in development of the tool, and (4) staff engaged in a capacity-building exercise in which they were provided the skills and tools needed to replicate this process independently in the future.

This thesis reports a research project that aims to improve the teaching and learning of introductory programming from a pedagogical and psychological viewpoint. Towards this aim, seven principles for designing educational programming tools for novices were identified by reviewing literature regarding novices’ difficulties and using a theoretical framework defined by the psychological theories of Constructivism and Cognitive Load Theory. This set of design principles was not only theoretically identified, but its pedagogical impact was also empirically tested. For this reason, Koios, a new programming tool, was designed and developed as a manifestation of the combined set of principles. Empirical studies were conducted by a way of a quasi-experimental design in two different Greek secondary-education institutions. The independent variable was compliance with the set of the seven principles. Students’ level of programming skills (procedural knowledge) was the dependent variable, while the quality of their mental models in the domain of introductory programming (declarative knowledge) was the potential mediator. The effect of compliance with the set of principles on students’ programming skills and mental-model quality was explored via Koios’ evaluation. Declarative- and procedural-knowledge measurements, as well as a practical test, were used to collect data, which were analysed using ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression. The major conclusions drawn from this study are:(a) compliance with the set of design principles does not affect the development of novices’ procedural and declarative programming knowledge, (b) a programming tool that highly complies with this set facilitates novices in the application of their procedural programming knowledge during program creation and (c) programming tools, declarative and procedural knowledge are independent components in learning to program. However, it was also concluded that the two knowledge types and a programming tool that highly complies with the set contribute significantly to novices’ programming performance. This study contributes to knowledge by theoretically identifying and empirically testing a set of design principles for educational programming software, and by producing and scientifically evaluating a programming tool as an embodiment of this set. Through this evaluation, the suggestion of Koios as a practically useful programming tool for novices seems to be well supported.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is to create a tool for an efficiency improvement of teaching Geography at a grammar school, which is based on several criteria. The tool is then tested in practice and its impact on students' geographical knowledge is evaluated. The work is conceptually divided into two main parts. The first of them introduces fieldwork as is generally known and construed, because the tool is based on some of the fieldwork principles and is realized outside the school building. An analysis of Czech curricular documents is not omitted in the text. The second, more voluminous part deals with practical issues. The main part presents a concept of a particular field teaching and a description of its following implementation. Subsequently, a tool, which was used to measure the effectiveness of the realized fieldwork, is described in the text. The results of the survey and the overall assessment are concluded at the end of this thesis. Key words: tool - geography - Geography field teaching - effectiveness - testing