The traditional tracking approach of forming detections and then associating these detections together is known to perform poorly at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Track-before-detect (TBD) approaches, where the sensor data is used directly as opposed to forming detections, has been shown to perform better than traditional approaches at low SNRs. One recently introduced TBD algorithm is the Quanta Tracking Algorithm that is formed by applying maximum likelihood estimation to the histogram probabilistic multi-target tracker (HPMHT). Quanta has shown promising performance for low SNR scenarios, but the body of literature is small and the evaluations that have been done so far do not consider several practical aspects of using the algorithm in real applications and are difficult to compare to other algorithms due to the SNR definitions used. This paper seeks to address these deficiencies in the literature. A re-derivation of Quanta that corrects some issues present in the original derivation while also integrating extensions from the HPMHT literature will also be presented. These extensions are shown to make Quanta able to correct for errors in the assumed size targets as well as improve estimating the SNR of fluctuating targets. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

The implementation of a fast track section is a commonly used strategy to improve patient flow in emergency departments (EDs). A fast track section reserves resources (beds, doctors and nurses) for lower acuity patients, and is thus aimed to reduce the wait time and length of stay of these patients. We use a discrete event simulation to investigate the impact of adding a fast track section to an emergency department. We quantify the effect of introducing a fast track on length of stay and waiting time to bed for low and high acuity patients in a crowded ED and compare it to an ED without fast track (Combined ED). We simulate a crowded ED by increasing the patient arrival rate, changing the acuity mix and increasing the time taken for admitted patients in the ED to obtain an inpatient bed (boarding time). We demonstrate that, when compared to a Combined ED with the same number of resources, the introduction of a fast track reduces the wait time to bed for lower acuity patients. However, this comes at the cost of increased waiting time for some higher acuity patients, which is unacceptable in practice. In investigating the solutions to this problem, we find that changing patient prioritization is the most effective way of reducing wait times under crowding. This change in priority does not require the addition of beds, doctors and nurses, and is therefore a cost-effective approach. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for emergency departments.

Varying the delivery rate of audio-based text within web-based training increases the effectiveness of the learning process and improves retention when compared with a fixed audio-based text delivery rate. To answer this question, two groups of 20 participants and one group of 10 participants were tested using the Web-based Anatomy & Physiology course modules developed by Medsn, Inc. The control group received the static speed of 128 words per minute while the experimental group received the initial speed of 128 words per minute with the option to change the speed of the audio-based text. An additional experimental group received the initial speed of 148 words per minute also having the option to vary the speed of the audio-based text. A three way single variable Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to examine speed of voice presentation differences. The results were significant, F (2, 47) = 4.67, p=0.014, ç2 = 0.166. The mean for the control group was (M = 7.2, SD = 1.69) with the experimental groups at, (M = 8.4, SD = 1.31) and with extra groups at (M = 8.6, SD = 1.26).

In the process of coaching, one of the more valuable techniques is the correction of faulty techniques which distract from the best performance. It is the purpose of this thesis to bring together from authoritative sources and observation some of the more common errors of technique, which make for faulty performance in eight track and field events. Each event has been broken down or separated into the more or less logical areas of operation. For instance, the sprint races break down into four areas, while the pole value breaks down into eleven areas. Each technique has been photographed both positive and negative in aspect. These eight events will be analyzed and the most common errors listed. These events are: sprints, middle distance, distance, relays, pole vault, shot put, discus, and javelin.

<p> The steady state response for models of an actual six-axle locomotive running on a sinusoidally irregular track is investigated. Three mathematical models are set up, a simplified model which assumed no springing or damping of trucks or motors, and no creep forces, a full model for the "stationary" vehicle in which creep forces are assumed negligible and a full model for the "moving" vehicle, which creep forces, gravity stiffness effects and wheel tread profiles are considered. </p> <p> The steady state response of the vehicle components to varying input frequencies is calculated and the response curves are computer plotted in each case. The natural frequencies for the simplified and the full model are also calculated. For the "moving" vehicle responses for the cases of new and worn wheels are obtained. Effect of creep and wheel tread profiles is studied. </p> The accuracy with which each of the devised models describe the performance of the real railway vehicle is compared. A discussion of the conclusions drawn from the analysis, including the applications to the design of high speed railway vehicles is given. Much attention was devoted to the development and testing of five computer programs for which simplified flow charts are given in Appendix V. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

One of two project reports. Part B can be found at: / Track-etch imaging is investigated as a recording method for neutron radiographic purposes. A theoretical model is formulated and evaluated together with experimental data which is analyzed in an attempt to explore the possibility of maximizing optical contrast. A central converter system with Lithium-6 as the converter and cellulose-nitrate as the recorders is used. It is found that the maximum contrast is achieved by using a clear cellulose-nitrate recorder at least 10 µm thick and a Lithium-6 converter of approximately 140 µm thickness. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

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