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Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a combat sport where pugilists combine various martial art forms to compete in sanctioned bouts of hand-to-hand cage fighting. Through immersive ethnographic research at an MMA gym, this thesis presents a carnal sociology that investigates rigorous human sparring as a method of human liberation. Carnal sociology is a method of embodied inquiry where the sociologist uses their own body to investigate social phenomena of interest. Chapter 1 reveals connections between modern sparring encounters and early religious violence as described in Émile Durkheim’s sociology. I argue that human sparring is a form of violent and primitively religious prayer that allows the sparrer to extract originary feelings of human agency that are stored in the social energies of sparring intensity. Chapter 2 explores current debates regarding gender in modern mixed-sex martial arts gyms, arguing for a more patient approach to conceptualizing gender in sparring. Despite scholars depicting the history of sparring as being saturated with violent expressions of masculinity, modern sparring practices appear to present a novel space for men and women to enter into freer associations with gender on their own terms. In Chapter 3, I expand on Dale Spencer’s (2009) concept of body callusing, where instead, I argue that sparrers are primarily drawn to sparring to engage in existential callusing where the sparrer is driven towards a mastery of the non-body to overcome death anxiety. Drawing on participant diary entries, field notes, and immersive ethnography, this thesis argues that human sparring is best understood as a mechanism of human liberation that is undertaken by sparrers through a unique transcendental phenomenology. Sparring violence allows practitioners to overcome certain limitations embedded in everyday human thought by becoming intoxicated by especially altered states of consciousness as a means of accessing primary qualities of the human condition. / Graduate / 2022-04-14

Este trabalho pretende investigar as relações existentes entre as filosofias de Edmund Husserl e Martin Heidegger a partir do traço cartesiano identificado na fenomenologia. Seu objetivo primeiro consiste em reconstruir a descrição husserliana da etapa transcendental de sua filosofia e analisar sua relação com o pensamento de Descartes. Em seguida, a investigação se voltará à exposição da crítica que Heidegger dirige ao projeto fenomenológico em suas preleções de Marburg e buscará compreender de que modo a crítica mesma, mais uma vez permeada pelas teses cartesianas, apresenta um caminho para a constituição da ontologia fundamental, cuja forma maturada terá seu lugar em Ser e Tempo. / Martin Heidegger\'s philosophies through the lenses of phenomenology and its Cartesian features. Revisiting Husserl\'s description of the transcendental stage of his philosophy and analyzing its connection with Descartes\' thought is, thus, the main objective of this work. Thenceforth, we expose Heidegger\'s criticism over this phenomenological project, seen in his Marburg Lectures. His criticism is also suffused with the Cartesian theses, and therefore we attempt to understand how it may have laid the path to forging a fundamental ontology. An ontology whose mature configuration will then find its place in Being and Time.

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The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study is to describe a particular phenomenon: the lived experiences of high school teachers who were responsible for creating and teaching a senior-year English Transition Course. Moustakas’ methods, framework and data analysis guidelines, coupled with interviews using Seidman’s three-interview process, is the best procedure for achieving the research aim. Thus, the study is based upon the results of interviews of 10 high school teachers from schools within a specific geographic region who collaborated with four English faculty members from a comprehensive four-year institution within the same region, over a period of three years. It is important to capture this phenomenon, as it occurred within a time of broad educational reform and uncertainty and will allow others to understand how teachers respond to interventions designed to reduce the need for remediation in reading and writing. This research examines the following questions: (a) What is the essence of high school teachers’ experiences planning a senior-year English Transition course designed to achieve college readiness in reading and writing? Specifically, how do teachers experience planning as a result of collaborative sessions with University English faculty? Additionally, how do teachers experience planning (e.g., course goals, units of study, individual lessons) as result of their individual efforts? (b) What is the essence of the experience of teaching a senior-year English Transition course designed to achieve college readiness in reading and writing? The fundamental textural-structural synthesis revealed four common themes as well as a variety of sub-themes across all participants. Scientific terms were used as metaphors. The juxtaposition of this scientific metaphorical depiction, ostensibly at odds in a study of literacy instruction, intends to reveal the complexity of teacher experiences and the totality of external circumstances as well as internal conditions they encountered. The insights from this study may inform curriculum specialists, policy-makers, school administrators, and English teachers.

This study explored participants’ experience of being suspended out of school by conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 19 previously suspended students in a charter public school setting in Boston, MA. The study followed a transcendental phenomenological method (Moustakas, 1994) unshaped by theoretical predictions to examine the interviews, with added attention to the precipitating factors and relationships students described around the experience. Descriptive demographic data regarding student race, gender, grade-level, and number of suspensions was used to help contextualize the student suspension experience. Four core themes were constructed from the analysis of participant interviews: (1) A perceived connectedness to adults makes a meaningful difference in student relational strength, (2) Equity matters, (3) There are contextual consequences, and (4) Signs of self-awareness, reflection, and growth (Changes over time) were prevalent. / 2017-06-22T00:00:00Z

The church is often seen as a place where people go to seek love, peace, and acceptance. Increasingly, there are occasions where these needs are not being met. Mansfield (2012) used the term “Ecclesia exitus ...the decision to permanently question one’s faith, trust in the church leadership and/or withdraw from a congregation you had considered to be your ‘church home,” to describe the experience of Church Hurt. This study seeks to describe the experience of those who have undergone church hurt. Abraham Maslow in his seminal 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation and his subsequent book, Motivation and Personality, posited a hierarchy of human needs that motivated human behavior, in conjunction with Social Constructionism, shall provide a theoretical framework(s) for the study. Phenomenological analysis as outlined by Moustakas (1994) was the methodology utilized, given its focus on capturing the subjective meanings and perspective of the research, participants lived experience(s). The study interviewed fourteen (14) respondents, eight (8) females, and six (6) males, derived by purposive and snowball sampling methods. To attain in-depth, “thick descriptions,” semi-structured interviews, ranging in duration from forty minutes to an hour, were conducted, over a month long period. Four (4) themes were unearthed, Sanctity of the Church, Sense of Loss, Transformative and the Ineptitude/Ignorance in the Resolution of Conflict. The study shall provide survivors of church hurt experience a voice, and church administrator more sensitive and effective conflict management strategies to handle the church hurt experience, ultimately resulting in a more fulfilling ecclesiastical experience.

This qualitative study examined the experiences of men who commit to romantic relationships with women under 50, post breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Twelve men from throughout the United States, who were dating these women for at least six months, participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using Moustaka's Transcendental Phenomenological approach. Findings focused on initial disclosure timing, previous experience/knowledge about the cancer, initial reactions and concerns, acceptance of the cancer history, focusing on love/connection, respecting and admiring the survivor, and the ongoing impact of cancer on the relationship. The men seemed to experience dating a survivor with acceptance, understanding that though the cancer continues to be a part of their lives, it does not seem to be the focus of their lives or of the relationship. Clinical implications are discussed, highlighting the systemic effect that breast cancer may have on a couple even after treatment is complete. Limitations and future research are examined. / Master of Science

By extending Husserl’s own historico-critical study to include the conceptual mathematics of more contemporary times – specifically category theory and its emphatic development since the second half of the 20th century – this paper claims that the delineation between mathematics and philosophy must be completely revisited. It will be contended that Husserl’s phenomenological work was very much influenced by the discoveries and limitations of the formal mathematics being developed at Göttingen during his tenure there and that, subsequently, the rôle he envisaged for his material a priori science is heavily dependent upon his conception of the definite manifold. Motivating these contentions is the idea of a mathematics which would go beyond the constraints of formal ontology and subsequently achieve coherence with the full sense of transcendental phenomenology. While this final point will be by no means proven within the confines of this paper it is hoped that the very fact of opening up for the possibility of such an idea will act as a supporting argument to the overriding thesis that the relationship between mathematics and phenomenology must be problematised.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erico de Lima Azevedo.pdf: 679684 bytes, checksum: dcd96c2f133eb45b0aa3d2fdc130bba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-20 / The present study aims to present one of the most important and difficult works of the German philosopher Edmund Husserl The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology , 1936. It is a significant work in Husserl s development because he evolves the concept of life-world (Lebenswelt), but, besides, the text also reveals another novelty dimension: this is the first work in which Husserl takes expressly a position about history and deals with the problem of historicity of philosophy, doing long historical-teleological analysis. However, before understanding why it is possible to declare a crisis of sciences , why, for Husserl, logic, mathematics and physics were still in need of a last grounding and, finally, why philosophy is the science capable of providing such grounding, it is necessary to pay special attention to his notion of science. The historical-teleological analysis play, indeed, an outstanding role in the last great work of Husserl, corresponding to the next logic step: to show how , historically, the mistakes of philosophy and science have been possible. Husserl analyses the intrinsic teleology of the history of philosophy in the search for its own grounding, which was not correctly captured by both of main positions of modern philosophy: physicalistic objectivism and transcendental subjectivism. Such path leads philosophy to the need of a specific task, which is phenomenology. This is called to accomplish an authentic and consistent intentional analysis of the consciousness that constitutes the world, revealing for the first time as a philosophical theme the life-world , which appears then as the grounding soil for all sciences: philosophy, logic, mathematics, natural sciences etc. The study then performs a revision of part of the literature regarding the concept of life-world , following detailed considerations of a few important critics: in the perspective of the evolution of the idea of world in Husserl s texts, in the perspective of intersubjective constitution of the world and historical relativism, but also in the perspective of a universum of being and truth , and finally, in the perspective of the totality of intentional life. Regarding the problems of the ways into transcendental philosophy, corresponding to the third part of the text, we have analysed in this study only the way by inquiring back from the pregiven lifeworld, while the way from psychology was left for a future investigation / Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma das mais importantes e intricadas obras do filósofo alemão Edmund Husserl: A crise das ciências européias e a fenomenologia transcendental , de 1936. Trata-se de uma obra significativa no desenvolvimento de Husserl por causa da elaboração do conceito de mundo-da-vida (Lebenswelt), mas, além disso, o texto contém uma dimensão adicional, igualmente inovadora: é a primeira publicação na qual Husserl toma expressamente uma posição sobre a história e na qual trata o problema da historicidade da filosofia, empreendendo longas análises histórico-teleológicas . Porém, antes de compreender porque é possível falar de uma crise das ciências, porque, para Husserl, a lógica, a matemática e a física ainda precisassem de um fundamento último, e, finalmente, porque, para ele, a filosofia seja a ciência capaz de prover este fundamento, o primeiro passo é compreender a sua noção de ciência . As análises histórico-teleológicas ocupam uma posição de destaque na última grande obra de Husserl, correspondendo ao próximo passo lógico : demonstrar como , historicamente, tenham-se construído os equívocos da filosofia e da ciência. Husserl analisa a teleologia ínsita no percurso histórico da filosofia na busca de um fundamento definitivo, o qual, não fora corretamente capturado pelas duas principais posições da filosofia moderna: o objetivismo fisicalista e o subjetivismo transcendental. Tal percurso conduz a filosofia à necessidade de uma tarefa específica, que é a fenomenologia. Esta é chamada a realizar o empreendimento de uma análise intencional da consciência constitutiva do mundo, a qual desvelará pela primeira vez como tema filosófico o mundo-davida , o qual surge como fundamento de todas as ciências: filosofia, lógica, matemática, ciências naturais etc. O trabalho faz então uma revisão de parte da vasta literatura acerca da noção de mundo-da-vida , seguindo as minuciosas considerações de alguns autores: segundo a perspectiva da evolução da idéia de mundo na obra de Husserl, segundo a constituição intersubjetiva do mundo e o relativismo histórico, mas também segundo a consideração do problema filosófico do mundo-da-vida enquanto um universo de ser e de verdade, apresentando, por fim, uma análise segundo a perspectiva da totalidade da vida intencional. No que se refere ao problema das vias para a redução fenomenológica transcendental, que ocupa a terceira parte da obra, analisamos apenas a via por meio da reconsideração do mundo-da-vida já dado, deixando a via da psicologia para uma investigação futura