Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Science, School of Mathematics, 2017. / ForwardandinversespectralproblemsconcerningSturm-Liouvilleoperatorswithoutdiscontinuitieshavebeenstudiedextensively. Bycomparison,therehasbeenlimitedworktacklingthecase where the eigenfunctions have discontinuities at interior points, a case which appears naturally in physical applications. We refer to such discontinuity conditions as transmission conditions. We consider Sturm-Liouville problems with transmission conditions rationally dependent on the spectral parameter. We show that our problem admits geometrically double eigenvalues, necessitating a new analysis. We develop the forward theory associated with this problem and also consider a related inverse problem. In particular, we prove a uniqueness result analogous to that of H. Hochstadt on the determination of the potential from two sequences of eigenvalues. In addition, we consider the problem of extending Sturm’s oscillation theorem, regarding the number of zeroes of eigenfunctions, from the classical setting to discontinuous problems with general constant coefficient transmission conditions / GR2018

Yes / This paper develops a novel approach to understanding North Korea's nuclear policy on the basis of conflict transformation theory. By conceptualizing the situation on the Korean peninsula as a protracted conflict (either between the DPRK and the Republic of Korea or North Korea and the United States), new insights into the nature of the protracted cycle of engagement and conflict with North Korea can be developed. In this context, the role and trajectory of the nuclear program can be analyzed and both the failure of and the need for arms control negotiations understood. The paper shows that the use of conflict transformation theory provides an analytically coherent explanation of North Korean security policy and foreign policy behavior that fits the empirical evidence more closely than alternative approaches. The paper assesses the current policy of "strategic patience" vis-à-vis North Korea and demonstrates how it is based on false assumptions and involves risks that need to be addressed by the United States and the international community. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the puzzle of North Korean foreign policy behavior with important implications for understanding the nature of the conflict and possible conditions for its resolution. / This article was originally published in North Korean Review, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2017), by McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.

One of the most difficult tasks a programmer can be confronted with is the migration of a legacy system. Usually, these systems are unstructured, poorly documented and contain complex program logic. The reason for this, in most cases, is an emphasis on raw performance rather than on clean and structured code as well as a long period of applying quick fixes and enhancements rather than doing a proper software reengineering process including a full redesign during major enhancements. Nowadays, the old programming paradigms are becoming an increasingly serious problem. It has been identified that 90% of the costs of a typical software system arise in the maintenance phase. Many companies are simply too afraid of changing their software infrastructure and prefer to continue with principles like "never touch a running system". These companies experience growing pressure to migrate their legacy systems onto newer platforms because the maintenance of such systems is expensive and dangerous as the risk of losing vital parts of sources code or its documentation increases drastically over time. The FermaT transformation system has shown the ability to automatically or semi-automatically restructure and abstract legacy code within a special intermediate language called WSL (Wide Spectrum Language). Unfortunately, the current transformation process only supports the migration of assembler as WSL lacks the ability to handle data types properly. The data structures in assembler are currently directly translated into C data types which involves many assumptional “hard coded” conversions. The absence of an adequate type system for WSL caused several flaws for the whole transformation process and limits its abilities significantly. The main aim of the presented research is to tackle these problems by investigating and formulating how a type system can contribute to a safe and reliable migration of legacy systems. The described research includes the definition of key aspects of type related problems in the FermaT migration process and how to solve them with a suitable type system approach. Since software migration often includes a change in programming language the type system for WSL has to be able to support various type system approaches including the representation of all relevant details to avoid assumptions. This is especially difficult as most programming languages are designed for a special purpose which means that their possible programming constructs and data types differ significantly. This ranges from languages with simple type systems whose program sare prone to unintended side-effects, to languages with strict type systems which are constrained n their flexibility. It is important to include as many type related details as necessary to avoid making assumptions during language to language translation. The result of the investigation is a novel multi layered type system specifically designed to satisfy the needs of WSL for a sophisticated solution without imposing too many limitations on its abilities. The type system has an adjustable expressiveness, able to represent a wide spectrum of typing approaches ranging from weak typing which allows direct memory access and down casting, via very strict typing with a high diversity of data types to object oriented typing which supports encapsulation and data hiding. Looking at the majority of commercial relevant statically typed programming languages, two fundamental properties of type strictness and safety can be identified. A type system can be either weakly or strongly typed and may or may not allow unsafe features such as direct memory access. Each layer of the Wide Spectrum Type System has a different combination of these properties. The approach also includes special Type System Transformations which can be used to move a given WSL program among these layers. Other emphasised key features are explicit typing and scalability. The whole approach is based on a sound mathematical foundation which assures correctness and integrates seamlessly into the present mathematical definition of WSL. The type system is formally introduced to WSL by constructing an attribute grammar for the language. Type checking and type inference are used to annotate the Abstract Syntax Tree of a given WSL program with type derivations which can be used to reveal and indicate possible typing errors or to infer types if the program did not feature explicit type declarations in the first place. Notable in this approach is also the fact that object orientation is introduced to a procedural programming language without the introduction of new semantics. It is shown that object orientation can be introduced just by adjusting type checking rules and adding some syntactical notations. The approach was implemented and tested on two case studies. The thesis describes and discusses both cases in detail and shows how a migration which ignores type systems could accidentally introduce errors due to assumptions during translation. Both case studies use all important aspects of the approach, Including type transformations and object identification. The thesis finalises by summarising the whole work, identifying limitations, presenting future perspectives and drawing conclusions

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Film musicology is growing at a heartening pace, but the discipline is still bereft of sustained contributions from music theory. The current study seizes the opportunity presented by the underanalyzed repertoire of film music, offering an argument for applying the techniques of transformational analysis, and neo-Riemannian analysis in particular, to the interpretation of music for the moving image. Film musical style and form respond strongly to a transformational approach, which adapts well to both the triadic chromaticism characteristic of Hollywood’s harmonic practice and the dynamic and contingent condition of musical design inherent to the medium. Concurrently, the analytic tools and conceptual structure of neo-Riemannian theory benefit from exposure to a fresh repertoire with different analytic needs than those of art music. In this dissertation, the author scrutinizes the capacity for tonality to act as a unifying and dramatically potent force in film. With parameters of effective cinematic tonal design established, the adapted transformational methodology responds faithfully to the expressive and temporal qualities of the soundtrack. The author develops a model for harmonic associativity and a general hermeneutics of transformation, extrapolated from analyses of scores from John Williams, James Horner, Jerry Goldsmith, and many others. The power of the transformational approach to capture tonal phenomena through spatial representations is marshaled to perform critical readings of scores for A Beautiful Mind and Star Trek. Not only can the neo-Riemannian stance illuminate the way film music works, but it can train the listener and analyst to perceive and enjoy film with more sensitive ears. / Music

The writing of contemporary history has implications regarding objectivity, subjectivity, the idea of progress, ecumenical history and its relationship to world history. Riane Eisler’s dominator and partnership models in her cultural transformation theory provide an appropriate hermeneutical basis for a historical consideration of the concept of partnership in mission (PIM) along with traditional biblical concepts which have guided mission theology for centuries. Partnership in mission is a laudable concept in the furtherance of participation in God’s mission. It has a distinguished history despite the difficulties experienced in making it a functioning reality. It has had the potential to enable sending and receiving churches to experience fellowship, humility and dignity in relationships. However, the issue of power in the ‘older’ sending churches has been an intrusive factor in preventing the theory from becoming a reality. In the case of the Church of Scotland, which stands in the grand ecumenical tradition of the twentieth century, despite great strides being made over the years to develop mutually enriching relations, increasing problems presented the opportunity for partner relationships to become authentically interdependent. Unfortunately, vulnerability on the part of the Church of Scotland World Mission Council has led to a return to a colonial/dominator approach to partnership. Recent developments in the Church of Scotland indicate that partnership in mission, while still the official model on which mission policy is based, has been challenged in its essence. Attempts to reform the work of the World Mission Council by means of a business consultancy have added no apparent value to the work of the Council or to its worldwide relationships. A lack of flexibility characterises recent developments along with a refusal to examine any other possible models which will enable the maintenance of existing partner church relationships. This has resulted in policy decisions, which affect them deeply, being made without any reference to partner churches. Nor has the Church’s constituency in Scotland been adequately consulted. For the first time in recent history policy decisions of WMC have been the cause of much discussion and deep division within the Church of Scotland. Further, they have ruptured valuable long term relationships and have through differential approaches to partners posed a potential threat to relationships between younger churches and possibly to a diminution of the standing of the Church of Scotland in the ecumenical movement. Opportunities for repentance, self sacrifice and the growth of fellowship in relationships have been spurned to the eventual cost of the Church of Scotland. Authentic partnership in mission is a distinct possibility through the development of relations based on mutuality, where resources must be subject to the norms of accountability, horizontal relations and management of the gifts of God for the people of God. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Church History and Church Policy / unrestricted

It is the purpose of this study to propose that perceptions of peacebuilding activities in all tracks of divided societies (political, civil society leaders, and grassroots), and the perceptions of the collaboration between the tracks are essential processes to a sustainable peace agreement at the political level. This study will examine multi-track peacebuilding and the collaboration (or lack of it) between tracks in Cyprus. Additionally, it will analyze the perceptions of the necessity of collaboration across tracks. The analysis of this study is conducted in two phases: (1) analyzing interviews with Track One diplomats and examining previous and existing peacebuilding processes within Cyprus through observation, interviews, and analysis of existing studies; and (2) through student observations and interviews of the Cypriot populace on the perceptions of the conflict and peacebuilding collaborations among and across tracks. The results of this research indicate that there is a need for stronger connections between the political and societal level peacebuilding strategies in Cyprus for a sustainable peace agreement. Furthermore, the findings of this research suggest that multi-track collaboration should be added to Conflict Transformation Theory.

本研究以質性研究之深度訪談法以及次級資料分析法，探討美商資訊業台灣分公司女性最高領導人現象，以及他們的領導風格在運用轉換型領導四構面時之情形。 本研究透過與這幾位女性領導者或是其直屬部屬的直接訪談，深入了解女性領導者之領導特質與領導風格，並從女性領導人的言語之間，獲得其思想意涵及生命經驗的陳述。 本研究發現可歸納為下列三點： 1. 在美商資訊業分公司女性領導人之共同特質及背景方面：由四個個案的背景可歸納出，學經歷等專業技術背景，並非外商公司挑選領導者的重要考量，擁有外商分公司的運作經驗，掌握分公司運作的文化，為分公司賺取高額業績及利潤，才是能獲得全球營運總部青睞的領導人選。 2. 領導風格方面：本研究將美商資訊業台灣分公司女性領導人之領導風格以Bass & Avolio（1993）的轉型領導理論四構面來進行分析： (一) 在「魅力或理想化影響」構面中，美商資訊業女性最高領導者，都擁有極佳的溝通能力，她們透過溝通的方式來影響員工，取得員工的信任，並主動接納來自員工的意見，積極營造組織內部互動的氛圍，減少層級間的隔閡，欲塑造一種「平民式的魅力」。 (二) 在「激發鼓舞」構面中，美商資訊業女性最高領導者強調目標的明確性，並願意提出優渥資源，作為獎勵，在總公司設計，較輕鬆且人性化的員工活動中，表揚這些達成甚至超越目標的優秀員工，如同母親對小孩一般，或擁抱、或口頭讚賞的方式，營造家庭和諧氣氛，讓被讚賞的員工獲得鼓舞，並激發其他員工見賢思齊。 (三) 在「智識啟發」構面中，美商資訊業女性最高領導者展現的類型為「存在導向」與「理想導向」。關心安全、信任與團隊合作的提昇，並願意融合多方知識及多元看法，為企業經營激發創意。 (四) 在「個別化關懷」構面中，美商資訊業女性最高領導者表現較多在「發展取向」與「個別化取向」。領導者願意栽培部屬，開發部屬潛能，並給予更具挑戰性的工作。同時也願意與部屬培養互信情誼，重視與員工的互動，建立一對一的關係。 3. 最後，本研究結合受訪者的觀點以及次級資料，認為這幾位女性領導人，在20世紀末同時站上美商資訊業分公司最高領導者的位置主要是因為台灣社會對於女性領導人的接納、美商企業兩性平等的文化、女性善於溝通勇於表現的特質，符合美商企業文化、以及女性積極經營人際關係的特質，滿足美商資訊業台灣分公司領導人，需與國際採購及協力廠商充分配合的角色。 然而，女性領導在台灣本土企業卻無法普遍，本研究也探討出其限制包括：工作環境的壓抑、女性在職場中的角色仍未被充分認識、女性的自我設限。 展望未來，由於女性典範已建立、女性自我期許提升、企業注重女性福利及成長等因素，台灣女性領導者在台灣將越來越普遍並被接納。 / This research applies the deep interview method of qualitative research and second-handed data analysis to study the situation of woman leadership in Taiwan Branch of American IT Company in the end of 20th century. And analyst their leader style by the 4 scopes of transformation theory. The research findings can be concluded to 3 points. 1. According to the 4 cases, we can find that the real experience of foreign business, understanding of business culture, and earning revenue and profit are the key concerns when choosing the leader in the branch of American company. 2. According to the Bass & Avolio’s (1993) transformation theory, we can find that the female leadership in Taiwan Branch of American IT Company: A. In the scope of “Charisma or idealized influence”, they all have excellent communication skills; they can influence their employees through communication, and gain the trust from employees. They accept the opinion from employees and actively build the atmosphere of fully interaction. B. In the scope of “Inspirational motivation”, they all emphasize on the clear objective and would like to offer premium or even surprise as motivation. They praise the employees who performed well or even beyond expectation in the casual, public occasion. With hug like mother to her children or orally praise, they can build the harmonious and motivate other employees to act as these models. C. In the scope of “Intellectual stimulation”, these female leaders act as existentially oriented intellectual stimulation and idealistically oriented intellectual stimulation. They concerned about the upgrade of safe, trust, and team spirit, and would like to blend the knowledge and thinking from different aspects. D. In the scope of “Individual Consideration”, they performed in the way of “develop orientation” and “individual orientation”. They would like to develop their employees and give those potential employees challenging mission. They also would like to build the trust with their employees, interact with them and have one by one relationship. 3. Last but not least, the research also combined the interviewees’ opinions and second-handed data, concluded that these female leaders can all attend this position right in the end of 20th century are mainly from the following reasons: The acceptance of this society, the culture of the American entrepreneur, the characteristic of the female which include good at communication, willing to perform themselves, and aggressively improve their relationship, which can satisfy the role of leader in Taiwan branch- need to be the bridge of headquarter and the supplier in Taiwan. However, female leadership is not common in local company in Taiwan. This research also finds the limitation comes from: the constrain of the work environment, the unknown of the role of female in working place, and the limit from female themselves. Seizing the future, due to the role model of female leader has been set, the self-expectation of female has been upgraded, and the entrepreneur put more and more effort on the female welfare and growth, the female leadership will be more popular and accepted.

The aim of the Master's thesis is to analyze the growing interest of the global economic system centers in the region of developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa with the account on weakening position of the West in relation to this region. The thesis will be structured into two sections. The first part will focus on the relationship between the West and countries of the African continent and the circumstances allowing not only the access of new challengers, but also alternative development models. In this respect the thesis will use the theoretical works of Adrian Leftwich and Claus Offe dealing with the issues of democratization and economic development and their mutual incompatibility. The second part of the thesis will analyze relations with these emerging, non-western power centers and their alternative development models. The research question of the thesis is formulated whether these alternative centers of the global economic system in the region of sub-Saharan Africa propagate their own conception of development models, with proclaimed respect for local conditions, as a challenger to the Western concept of development policy. The hypothesis assumes a certain degree of autonomy in case of developing countries in choosing "their" partner center. These centers are forced to offer certain...

dc.contributor.author Kamara, Abu dc.description.abstract The international student population in Canada has increased significantly in the last decade. While we know a lot about the experiences of international students in general, we don’t know a lot about the specific experiences of international students in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Given that universities in the region have identified international student recruitment as part of their internationalization strategies, expanding our knowledge about international students’ experiences in Halifax not only has strong implications for universities, but also for provincial and local governments who see them as potential immigrants. Consequently, key research objectives for this study were to expand our understanding of the personal experiences of international students in Halifax, and to identify gatekeepers whose actions impact the experiences of international students. Two studies were designed using qualitative methodology. Study I investigated the personal experiences of international students in Halifax, Nova Scotia, while the main objective for Study II was to identify gatekeepers in the city whose actions are shaping the contexts of international student experiences. Interviews were conducted with international students from Saint Mary’s University, Mount Saint Vincent University, and Dalhousie University using a semi structured, open-ended interview method. The data was transcribed and coded using grounded theory method. Results from Study I suggest that while international students regularly turn to formal support networks, such as the international student center for immigration and employment related assistance, the majority of students interviewed for this dissertation also expressed strong preference for informal support networks. Specific individuals identified by study participants as belonging to informal support networks included friends, family members, and members of on-and off-campus organizations. Results from Study II suggest that internationalization in Canada is providing new ways for universities to help address local economic and demographic concerns. In sum, results from Study I suggest that international students rely on both formal and informal support networks to address the challenges they are facing in Canada, while findings from Study II suggest that demographic needs, and the expansion of the knowledge economy will continue to push universities to bigger and more central roles in the growth of cities.