The advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994 led to new areas of research interest, not least in the field of educational leadership and management (ELM). However, besides the Project on Postgraduate Education Research (PPER), not much research has been conducted to investigate the trends in research conducted by postgraduate students in South African universities. This study therefore aimed to contribute by investigating the trends in postgraduate research in ELM at a selected institution in the decade 1995-2004. Working in the interpretivist paradigm, the study employed an institutional case-study approach to conduct a study of 53 M.Ed. dissertations in the PPER database from the selected institution. The dissertations dealt with ELM topics. Statistical analysis on this dataset and content analyses of three selected dissertations were used to identify trends in education research at the selected institution. Robin Usher’s four concepts of con-text, pre-text, sub-text and inter-text were employed as a framework within which to interpret the findings. From the analysis it is evident that the first ten years of the democratic era in South Africa witnessed a change in the demographic profile of postgraduate research. The trends are that Black students completed more dissertations followed by Indian, White and Coloured students; there are more dissertations from males than females, although by the end of the decade the number of woman writing dissertations had increased significantly; research of ELM is mostly qualitative in approach and of small-scale studies; dissertation topics cover a range of five ELM areas of interest, with few authors exploring the con-text of ELM within the broader socio-political context of the decade under consideration. / M.Ed. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2012.

Adapting to change in a constantly changing environment is a challenge that organisations face on a daily basis. In order to stay competitive globally, the management of resistance to change becomes crucial. Research done on leadership reveals the very strong effect that leaders have on followers’ behaviours and attitudes and it is emphasized the role leadership plays in the implementation and supporting of change. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether a relationship between leadership and resistance to change exist within the higher education sector. The study obtains data of 75 participants within the faculty of engineering. The survey was done by means of a questionnaire. The statistical analyses included frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlations, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, ANOVAs and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results indicated that employees’ reactions toward change could be influenced by the type of leadership style present in the organisation, therefore it is necessary that the correct leadership style within an organisation cannot be underestimated. It could mean the difference between success and failure. For the purpose of this study, the researcher considered the scales of the Resistance to Change questionnaire sufficiently reliable, but further exploration of the scales and its adaptation to this context may be needed in future to enhance reliability measures. An important insight of this research is that, to be more effective in creating and supporting change within organisations, managers need to learn to recognise and understand resistance within them as well as in others. This research contributes to the already vast content of research on leadership and resistance to change and does so by being focused on studying these constructs under a unique set of circumstances. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The title of the research is “How mentorship is perceived to contribute to the well-being of an employee in an explosives manufacturing organisation”. This research was conducted within AEL Mining Services, an explosives manufacturing organisation that is part of the AECI group of companies. The object of the research was to gain a better understanding of the association between mentorship and well-being, based on how the experience is perceived by the employee that was either part or not part of such a program, be it formal or informal. During the literature study authors such as Keating (2012:91), Govender and Parumasur (2010:2) and Masango (2011:1) felt very strongly that mentorship begins on the day of birth and continues throughout one‟s entire life where competencies in the mentor role entail understanding self and others, communicating effectively and developing employees and it is clear that great leaders would not have achieved their full potential without effective mentoring. During the literature study it was also found that advantages as well as disadvantage are linked to mentorship, but that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Research identifies the need for sustainable development and although a variety of mentorship models exist that are currently used, it is evident that mentorship does have an impact on whoever is subjected to it. The study adopted a quantitative methodology, in which more than one questionnaire was utilised. Mentorship was identified as the independent variable and well-being as the dependent variable. For this study, the respondents were required to disclose geographical information concerning themselves and in addition to this, the Mental Health Continuum and General Health Questionnaire was utilised in order to determine the level of well-being as perceived by the respondents, based on mentorship or the lack thereof. The Statistical Consultation Services of the North-West University determined the statistical methods and procedures for the analyses of the research. Ellis and Steyn (2003:51-53) make it clear that in many cases it is important to know whether a relationship between two variables is practically significant. The research made use of triangulation where Gratton and Jones (2010:121) propose that triangulation can strengthen the validity of research, and is useful as a means to demonstrate trustworthiness in the analysis. Based on the results generated from the statistical analysis, the mentored group has a better overall state of health and psychological well-being than the non-mentored group. The deduction is thus made that with mentorship there is a significant difference in the overall well-being of an employee that was subjected to such a program. Recommendations were made regarding further research that needs to be conducted, in which a mentorship program is tailored for a specific company/organisation within the explosives manufacturing industry, then implemented and the results of it measured over a period of time. / PhD, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Adapting to change in a constantly changing environment is a challenge that organisations face on a daily basis. In order to stay competitive globally, the management of resistance to change becomes crucial. Research done on leadership reveals the very strong effect that leaders have on followers’ behaviours and attitudes and it is emphasized the role leadership plays in the implementation and supporting of change. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether a relationship between leadership and resistance to change exist within the higher education sector. The study obtains data of 75 participants within the faculty of engineering. The survey was done by means of a questionnaire. The statistical analyses included frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlations, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, ANOVAs and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results indicated that employees’ reactions toward change could be influenced by the type of leadership style present in the organisation, therefore it is necessary that the correct leadership style within an organisation cannot be underestimated. It could mean the difference between success and failure. For the purpose of this study, the researcher considered the scales of the Resistance to Change questionnaire sufficiently reliable, but further exploration of the scales and its adaptation to this context may be needed in future to enhance reliability measures. An important insight of this research is that, to be more effective in creating and supporting change within organisations, managers need to learn to recognise and understand resistance within them as well as in others. This research contributes to the already vast content of research on leadership and resistance to change and does so by being focused on studying these constructs under a unique set of circumstances. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The title of the research is “How mentorship is perceived to contribute to the well-being of an employee in an explosives manufacturing organisation”. This research was conducted within AEL Mining Services, an explosives manufacturing organisation that is part of the AECI group of companies. The object of the research was to gain a better understanding of the association between mentorship and well-being, based on how the experience is perceived by the employee that was either part or not part of such a program, be it formal or informal. During the literature study authors such as Keating (2012:91), Govender and Parumasur (2010:2) and Masango (2011:1) felt very strongly that mentorship begins on the day of birth and continues throughout one‟s entire life where competencies in the mentor role entail understanding self and others, communicating effectively and developing employees and it is clear that great leaders would not have achieved their full potential without effective mentoring. During the literature study it was also found that advantages as well as disadvantage are linked to mentorship, but that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Research identifies the need for sustainable development and although a variety of mentorship models exist that are currently used, it is evident that mentorship does have an impact on whoever is subjected to it. The study adopted a quantitative methodology, in which more than one questionnaire was utilised. Mentorship was identified as the independent variable and well-being as the dependent variable. For this study, the respondents were required to disclose geographical information concerning themselves and in addition to this, the Mental Health Continuum and General Health Questionnaire was utilised in order to determine the level of well-being as perceived by the respondents, based on mentorship or the lack thereof. The Statistical Consultation Services of the North-West University determined the statistical methods and procedures for the analyses of the research. Ellis and Steyn (2003:51-53) make it clear that in many cases it is important to know whether a relationship between two variables is practically significant. The research made use of triangulation where Gratton and Jones (2010:121) propose that triangulation can strengthen the validity of research, and is useful as a means to demonstrate trustworthiness in the analysis. Based on the results generated from the statistical analysis, the mentored group has a better overall state of health and psychological well-being than the non-mentored group. The deduction is thus made that with mentorship there is a significant difference in the overall well-being of an employee that was subjected to such a program. Recommendations were made regarding further research that needs to be conducted, in which a mentorship program is tailored for a specific company/organisation within the explosives manufacturing industry, then implemented and the results of it measured over a period of time. / PhD, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This study examines the relationship between supervisors’ transformational leadership behaviors and their work groups’ subsequent affective well-being and job satisfaction under specific moderating conditions (collective efficacy and perceptions of meaningful work). Longitudinal data from 42 work groups in a Canadian government organization was used to test the proposed relationships. Work groups’ collective efficacy has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and positive group affective well-being. Specifically, groups with lower levels of collective efficacy exhibit a stronger relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and both affective well-being and job satisfaction.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan emotionell intelligens (EI )och ledarskapsstilar i Sverige. Tidigare studier har funnit ett samband mellan emotionell intelligens och transformativt ledarskap. Studien syftade även till att undersöka ifall tidigare forsknings resultat mellan emotionell intelligens och ledarskapsstilar skiljer sig i förhållande till ett svenskt urval. Ledarna (N=61) besvarade på frågor angående emotionell intelligens (SEIS) samt på frågor angående ledarskapsstil (MLQ5X). Resultatet visade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan emotionell intelligens och alla fyra komponenter i transformativt ledarskap. Inga signifikanta resultat fanns mellan emotionell intelligens och ett transaktionellt ledarskap. Ett signifikant negativt samband fanns mellan emotionell intelligens och ett laissez-fairledarskap. Resultatet visade att föreliggande studie låg i linje med tidigare forskningsresultat. / The purpose of this study was to examining the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership styles in Sweden. Previous studies have found a link between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership. The study also aimed to investigate whether previous research results between emotional intelligence and leadership styles differ in relation to a Swedish sample. The leaders (N=61) answered questions about emotional intelligence (SEIS) and questions regarding leadershipstyle (MLQ5X). The results showed a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and all four components of transformational leadership. No significant results were found between emotional intelligence and transactional leadership. A significant negativ ecorrelation was found between emotional intelligence and al aissez-fair leadership. The results showed that the present study was consistent with previous research.

Bakgrund: Psykosocial hälsa har en stor roll i bestämmandet av hälsa på arbetsplatser, svag psykosocial hälsa kan kopplas till försämrad allmän hälsa samt förhöjd sjukfrånvaro. Samtidigt visar forskning på hur transformativt ledarskap kan påverka arbetsmiljön och anställda vilket resulterade studiens syfte. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka transformativt ledarskaps påverkan på anställdas psykosociala hälsa och arbetsmiljö.Metod: Studiedesign som antogs var en systematisk litteraturstudie där sju databaser genomsöktes och totalt 19 vetenskapliga artiklar som svarade på syftet användes. Alla artiklar genomgick granskning av vetenskaplig kvalité och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som resulterade i tre kategorier. Resultat: Tre kategorier hittades och de benämns som medför positiva effekter på psykosocial hälsa, betydelse för den psykosociala arbetsmiljön samt hälsovinster i ett större perspektiv. Resultatet indikerar att transformativt ledarskap kan användas som ett kraftfullt salutogent verktyg för hälsopromotion på arbetsplatsen och att ledarskapet kan skapa bättre förutsättningar för förbättrad psykosocial hälsa. Implikation: Ytterligare forskning krävs för att kartlägga transformativt ledarskap i skilda kulturella, geografiska och praktiska kontexter samt att kvalitativa studier kan ge en mer nyanserad bild av effekterna och på så vis kan ge en tydligare indikation på hur integreringen av transformativt ledarskap kan ske i organisationer och verksamheter.

本研究旨在探討國民中學校長轉型領導行為對於教職人員之心理契約實踐之關係。研究目的有： 一、瞭解遴選制度實施後，國民中學校長轉型領導之現況。 二、探討學校不同的個人背景變項教職人員及學校背景變項對校長領導行為覺知的差異情形。 三、探討學校教職人員之心理契約實踐現況。 四、探究教職人員背景對心理契約實踐覺知的差異。 五、探討校長轉型領導行為對於學校教職人員心理契約實踐之關係。 研究採用問卷調查法為主，以臺北市59所公立國民中學的教職人員為對象，共抽取26所學校，512教職人員為受試者進行調查，並以改編之「國民中學教職人員之心理契約量表」與「國民中學校長轉型領導量表」進行施測，共回收448份，有效問卷為386份，問卷回收率為87.5％，可用率為86.2％。資料以SPSS/PC12.0統計套裝軟體進行描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數（ANOVA）、Pearson，s積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析與討論，所得主要結論如下： 一、臺北市國民中學校長轉型領導行為屬於「高」強度，在國民中學校長轉型領導行為「建立願景」、「個人魅力」、「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」各個層面都屬高強度的情形。 二、就兼任職務而言，兼任行政職務的教師比沒有兼任行政職務的教師所知覺到校長表現較多的轉型領導；擔任主任職務的教師比擔任導師及專任教師，認為校長轉型領導實踐程度較高。 三、服務年資深者對於「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」等層面高於服務年資較淺的教職人員，且在整體知覺校長轉型領導之實踐，亦顯現相同情形。 四、不同職務的教職人員在知覺整體心理契約實踐之差異情形，達顯著水準；擔任主任職務的教師比擔任導師及專任教師，認為學校在整體心理契約實踐程度較高。 五、服務於不同學校規模的教職人員，在整體知覺心理契約實踐之差異達顯著水準，服務於規模小的學校教職人員，在知覺心理契約實踐程度方面，高於服務於規模較大的學校教職人員。 六、校長轉型領導各層面「建立願景」、「個人魅力」、「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」皆與學校教職人員的心理契約，有顯著的相關。 七、整體校長轉型領導行為與心理契約各構面相關係數最高者為「體恤教職部屬」，而相關程度最低者為「建立人情關懷」。 八、校長轉型領導各層面「建立願景」、「個人魅力」、「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」具有預測教職人員知覺心理契約實踐之功能。 / The purpose of this study is to make a thorough inquiry into the relationship between the transformational leadership and the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. To understand the current situation of the transformational leadership in junior high schools after the selecting system has been implemented. 2. To explore the effect of the various personal background variable and the teaching staff’s school background variable on principal’s leading behavioral differences. 3. To research into the current situation of the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools. 4. To study the influence that the teaching staff’s background has on the perceptive difference of the psychological contract. 5. To make a thorough inquiry into the relationship between the transformational leadership and the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools. This study uses survey method. The survey instrument is revised from 「The psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools scales」and 「The transformational leadership in junior high schools scales」. The survey samples are 512 teaching staffs from 26 junior high schools in Taipei city. There are 448 returns, and there are 386 valid responses which are analyzed by statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson r, and multiple regression using SPSS/PC12.0 program. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The principals’ behavior in junior high schools of Taipei city belongs to high intensity. This situation displays in the perspectives of 「prospect formation」,「idealized influence」,「inspirational motivation」,「intellectual stimulation」, and 「individualized consideration」. 2. The administrators can perceive much transformational leadership than the teachers. And the directors consider that the principal has higher extent of the transformational leadership than the teachers. 3. The seniority staffs sense higher extent in the aspect of 「inspirational motivation」, 「intellectual stimulation」, and 「individualized consideration」 than the junior staffs, which also happens in the aspect of perception of transformational leadership. 4. There are obviously differences between the administrators and teachers in perception the implement of psychological contract. The directors consider higher implement of psychological contract than the teachers. 5. There are obviously differences between the staffs in different school scale. The staffs in the small school consider higher implement of psychological contract than the staffs in the big school. 6. There is obviously correlation between transformational leadership and psychological contract of teaching staffs. 7. The highest correlation coefficient between transformational leadership and psychological contract of teaching staffs is 「showing consideration for staffs」. The lowest correlation coefficient is 「building up consideration」 8. The various perspectives of the transformational leadership have the function of predicting the psychological contract of teaching staffs. ( Keywords: transformational leadership, psychological contract .)

Torn by having to meet the external demands of customers for quality service and internal demands for achieving sales targets, achieving a balance is not an easy task for traditional service units in fields such as retail banking, retailing, telecommunications, travel industry, and the like. This study examines the issue through the lens of an organizational ambidexterity framework. In the management literature, ambidexterity is used as a metaphor to describe an organization???s ability to perform seemingly conflicting tasks or pursue disparate goals simultaneously (Lubatkin et al., 2006). As an emerging research area, ambidexterity studies address the issue of how an organization can pursue multiple goals simultaneously (Benner & Tushman, 2003). The study has three specific objectives: 1) to conceptualize ambidexterity in the context of service and sales in a retail bank setting; 2) to identify and empirically examine the antecedents of branch ambidexterity; and 3) to examine the impact of ambidexterity on branch financial performance. Based on resource-based view and organization-context literature, the present study focuses on the impact of employee characteristics and contextual variables on branch ambidexterity and, ultimately, branch-level financial performance. The study uses both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Data are collected from two large retail banks, one in Australia and one in Thailand. Findings are reported in three different studies. Study one reports findings based on the qualitative phase. Studies two and three report findings based on the quantitative data. A qualitative approach involves five bank branches and conducting a series of in-depth interviews with branch managers and frontline staff. It identifies employee constructs that have a positive or a negative impact on branch ambidexterity. These constructs are goal orientation, self-efficacy, and role stress. The role of branch context is also discussed. The quantitative approach involves data from 2,306 employees in 267 branches in a large Thai bank. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is used to analyze the data. The quantitative data are used to test two models. The first model explores the direct impact of employees??? characteristics on branch ambidexterity. It is found that goal orientation, self-efficacy, and role stress are significantly associated with branch ambidexterity. The inclusion of transformational leadership as a moderator provides additional insights into the relationship between employee characteristics and branch ambidexterity. The second model tests the direct impact of contextual variables on branch ambidexterity. The contextual variables include empowerment, team support, fairness of rewards, and transformational leadership. Finally, it explores the impact of branch ambidexterity on branch financial performance. Data suggest that all four contextual variables make significant positive contributions to branch ambidexterity at the individual level. However, only empowerment, team support, and fairness of rewards have a significant group-level effect on branch ambidexterity. It is also found that branch ambidexterity is positively related to branch financial performance.