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ER-stress signaling and chondrocyte differentiation in miceLo, Ling-kit, Rebecca., 羅令潔. January 2006 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Analysis of multiple cardiac abnormalities in a Boxb3 mouse mutantSae-Pang, Jearn Jang., 彭淦長. January 2006 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Biochemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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In vivo study of asporin polymorphic variants in chondrogenesis and degenerative disc disease (DDD)Lam, To-kam., 林吐金. January 2009 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy
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A transgenic mouse model to study the role of epidermal growthfactor (EGF) in hair and skin development麥經綸, Mak, King-lun, Kingston. January 2002 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Paediatrics / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Molecular developmental genetics of the inner ear mutant, yellow submarine (Ysb)Tang, Shiu-ping, Anna., 鄧紹平. January 2004 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Mechanisms of ß-Amyloid Clearance by Anti-Aß Antibody TherapyWilcock, Donna Marie 21 January 2004 (has links)
Alzheimers disease (AD) is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that gradually destroys a persons memory and ability to learn. There are three pathological hallmarks of the disease which are necessary for diagnosis of AD, these are; extracellular amyloid plaques composed of [beta]-amyloid (A[beta]) protein, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss. Amyloid plaques exist as both compact deposits which stain with Congo red and more numerous diffuse deposits. Active immunization against A[beta] 1-42 or passive immunization with monoclonal anti-A[beta] antibodies reduces amyloid deposition and improves cognition in APP transgenic mice.
Over several studies of active immunization in APP+PS1 transgenic mice we showed a strong correlation between reduction of compact amyloid deposits and the degree of microglial activation suggesting a potential role of microglia in the removal of A[beta]. Injection of anti-A[beta] antibodies into the frontal cortex and hippocampus of aged APP transgenic mice revealed an early phase of A[beta] removal which was removal of only diffuse amyloid deposits with no associated activation of microglia. A later phase was the removal of compact amyloid deposits. This was associated with significant activation of microglia. Prevention of this microglial activation by anti-A[beta] F(ab)2 fragments or its inhibition by dexamethasone also precluded the removal of compact amyloid deposits but did not affect the removal of the diffuse deposits.
Systemic injection of anti-A[beta] antibodies weekly over a period of 1, 2, 3 and 5 months transiently activated microglia associated with the removal of compact amyloid deposits and elevated plasma A[beta], suggesting a peripheral mechanism contributes to removal of brain A[beta]. This systemic administration also dramatically improved cognitive performance in the Y-maze and in the radial-arm water maze. These studies also showed a significant increase in vascular amyloid dependent on the number of antibody injections the mice received. Associated with this increase in vascular amyloid was a dramatic increase in the numbers of microhemorrhages in the brain. Despite this pathology the mice showed cognitive improvement with the treatment. These effects could have major ramifications in humans and should be further investigated prior to any human clinical trials.
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Analysis of abnormal craniofacial and ear development of a transgenic mutant with ectopic hoxb3 expressionWong, Yee-man, Elaine. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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Study of the in vivo role of TSPYL2 in transgenic miceChan, Kin-wang. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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ER-stress signaling and chondrocyte differentiation in miceLo, Ling-kit, Rebecca. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
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100 |
Souris transgéniques présentant une expression ciblée d'adiponectine dans le tissu adipeux : rétrocontrôle négatif exercé par l'adipokine sur sa propre production et frein à la différenciation adipocytaire / Expression of adiponectin targeted to adipose tissue in transgenic miceBauche, Isabelle 16 May 2007 (has links)
Le tissu adipeux, outre son rôle de réserve énergétique, joue un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie du métabolisme ainsi que dans la physiopathologie de différentes affections, telles que diabète de type 2, dyslipidémies ou athérosclérose. Ce rôle est en partie assuré par des substances sécrétées par le tissu adipeux dans le plasma et regroupées sous le terme d'adipokines. Il s'agit notamment du tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, de la leptine, résistine ou encore de l'adiponectine (ApN). L'ApN se distingue des autres adipokines car, contrairement à l'augmentation des concentrations plasmatiques de leptine, de résistine ou de TNF-α observée dans l'obésité, ses taux sont corrélés de façon négative à l'indice de masse corporelle et de façon positive à la sensibilité à l'insuline. L'ApN joue donc un rôle très important dans la modulation du métabolisme lipidique et glucidique et/ou dans la régulation de l'insulinosensibilité.
Afin d'étudier les répercussions in vivo d'une expression précoce et chronique d'ApN spécifiquement dans le tissu adipeux, nous avons créé des souris transgéniques où l'ADNc de l'ApN (forme complète) a été placé sous contrôle d'un promoteur adipocytaire. Selon le nombre de copies du transgène intégré dans le génome, nous obtenons des phénotypes forts différents, voire opposés.
Dans notre étude réalisée chez des souris ayant intégré un nombre modeste de copies du transgène (6 copies), nous observons une diminution de l'expression (ARNm) et du contenu protéique en ApN du tissu adipeux. Ce rétrocontrôle négatif de la production d'ApN est associé à un phénotype d'intolérance au glucose et d'insulinorésistance, à une adiposité accrue probablement suite à la faible expression des molécules impliquées dans la dissipation d'énergie et à l'accroissement de la lipogenèse. Nous assistons également à une faible expression d'AdipoR2, l'isoforme du récepteur responsable de l'action de l'ApN sous sa forme complète.
A l'inverse, les souris ayant intégré un grand nombre (100) de copies du transgène présentent une augmentation de l'expression et du contenu en ApN dans différents sites du tissu adipeux blanc (le phénomène de rétrocontrôle de l'ApN endogène étant masqué par une surexpression plus prononcée de l'ApN exogène). Cette surexpression d'ApN est associée à une amélioration attendue de l'homéostasie glucidique et du profil lipidique. De plus, ces souris présentent une nette réduction de leur adiposité secondaire à une augmentation de la dépense énergétique et, fait original, à une diminution de la différenciation adipocytaire. Le remaniement du tissu adipeux résulte en de petits adipocytes, caractérisés par une diminution d'expression des enzymes lipogéniques et de marqueurs adipocytaires, ainsi que par une augmentation d'expression de protéines découplantes et d'un marqueur préadipocytaire (Pref-1). Chez ces souris, l'expression d'AdipoR2 est accrue, peut-être suite à une réduction locale de TNFα. / Adipose tissue regulates fuel homeostasis and is implicated in the pathophysiology of several components of the metabolic syndrome, such as diabetes of type 2, dyslipidemia or atherosclerosis. The secretion of regulatory peptides, often referred to as adipocytokines, mediates in part these adipose functions. The best-known adipokines include tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), leptin, resistin and adiponectin (ApN). Unlike the other adipokines, which are elevated in obesity, plasma ApN levels are negatively correlated to body mass index and positively to insulin sensitivity. Thus, ApN plays a fundamental role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and insulin action.
To study in vivo the chronic effects of ApN specifically on adipose tissue, we generated transgenic mouse lines allowing persistent and moderate expression of native full-length ApN targeted to white adipose tissue. We have obtained two different phenotypes according to the number of transgene copies integrated into the genome
In our mouse lines with a modest copy number (6), we observed a decrease of expression (ARNm) and protein content of ApN in adipose tissue. This negative feedback on ApN production was associated with a phenotype of the glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and with an increased adiposity due to low expression of molecules involved in energy expenditure, and to increased lipogenesis. We also observed a weak expression of AdipoR2, the receptor isoform responsible for the action of full-length ApN. On the contrary, mice with a high copy number (100), clearly overexpressed ApN in various sites of white fat (the downregulation of endogenous ApN being masked by the marked overexpression of exogenous ApN). This overexpression of ApN was associated with an expected improvement of glucose homeostasis and lipid profile. Furthermore, these mice showed reduced adiposity, due to increased energy expenditure and decreased adipocyte differentiation. Adipose tissue remodelling resulted in smaller (younger) adipocytes, characterized by a decrease of lipogenic enzymes and of adipocyte markers, as well as by an increased expression of uncoupling proteins and a preadipocyte marker (Pref-1). In this group of mice, the expression of AdipoR2 was enhanced possibly because of a local reduction of TNFα.
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