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This study examines relationships between the division of housework and childcare and marital love and conflict and perceived fairness as a mediator of those relationships. Gender role ideology is also examined as a moderator of the relationships between the division of labor predictors and perceived fairness. To this end 112 working-class, dual-earner couples having their first child were interviewed at three time points during the first year of parenthood after mothers returned to work. Findings indicate that wives’ reported greater marital love when their husbands performed more housework and more childcare, with fairness as a mediator of those relations. Husbands’ greater participation in both housework and childcare was directly related to their reports of marital love. For marital conflict, wives reported less conflict when husbands performed more childcare with perceived fairness as a mediator. Husbands reported less conflict when they performed a greater proportion of housework, with wives’ perceived fairness as a mediator. The division of childcare and perceived fairness were more strongly related for wives with egalitarian gender role ideology than for more traditional wives.

This study investigated whether ethnic identity, financial and educational resources, and social support predicted levels and trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms above and beyond racial and ethnic categories. A sample of Black, Latina, and White working class mothers were interviewed at five time points during the first year of parenthood. Findings indicated that Latina mothers experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to Black mothers at the final time point. There was a significant interaction between race and ethnic identity in predicting symptoms such that Latino mothers saw an increase in the growth rate of symptoms compared to White mothers. Perceived social support from family was associated lower levels of symptoms at Time 5. Additionally, occupational prestige moderated the relationship between race and depressive symptoms. Compared to Latina mothers, Black mothers with high occupational prestige experienced a significant decline in depressive symptoms across the first year of parenthood and this change occurred more rapidly than for Latina mothers. There was also a trend for the interaction between ethnic identity and education predicting maternal depressive symptoms Mothers with high ethnic identity and more education experienced a rapid decline in depressive symptoms across the transition to parenthood compared other mothers. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the unique experiences of people of different racial and ethnic groups.

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[pt] O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o fim da conjugalidade na transição para a parentalidade, a partir da vivência feminina. Como referencial teórico, nos embasamos na psicanálise, na abordagem sistêmica e em estudos psicossociais, de modo a abarcar o fenômeno em suas dimensões psicodinâmicas, relacionais e sociais. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, com 12 mulheres das camadas médias cariocas, com idades entre 30 e 40 anos. Para analisar os dados utilizamos o método de análise de conteúdo na sua vertente categorial. Emergiram dez categorias das narrativas: dependência absoluta e ilusão de onipotência, relativas ao período da formação do casal; conflitos conjugais pré-existente, tristeza e depressão na gravidez e sentimentos de rejeição, relativas ao período da gravidez; filho e primeiros cuidados, e, motivações para a separação, relativas ao período após o nascimento do primeiro filho; paternidade após a separação conjugal, adaptação ao novo arranjo familiar e imaginário social, relativas ao período após a separação conjugal. As percepções relatadas ressignificaram as experiências passadas e apontaram que as motivações para a separação na transição para a parentalidade se manifestaram desde a formação do casal conjugal, sendo percebidas na gravidez e nas primeiras relações com o filho. Seus efeitos apresentaram-se complexos e repercutiram em todos os membros da família, individual e coletivamente. / [en] The present study aimed to investigate the end of conjugality in the transition to parenthood, based on the female experience. We conducted a qualitative research, through interviews with a semi-structured script, with 12 middle-aged women from Rio de Janeiro, aged between 30 and 40 years. To analyze the data we use the method of content analysis in its categorical aspect. Ten categories of narratives emerged: absolute dependence and illusion of omnipotence, relative to the period of formation of the couple; pre-existing marital conflicts, sadness and depression in pregnancy and feelings of rejection, relating to the period of pregnancy; child and first care, and, motivations for separation, relating to the period after the birth of the first child; paternity after marital separation, adaptation to the new family arrangement and social imaginary, related to the period after the marital separation. The reported perceptions reassigned past experiences and pointed out that the motivations for separation in the transition to parenthood have manifested themselves since the formation of the conjugal couple and can be perceived in pregnancy and in the first relations with the child. Its effects were complex and had repercussions on all members of the family, individually and collectively.

The work observes the development and changes of perception of the relationships of a couple in the period of accepting the role of a parent. In its theoretical part, the work considers the relationship of a couple within a wider context of a family, describes the relationship of a couple from its beginnings to the decision of establishing a family, emphasizes experience of the woman during pregnancy and after giving birth and also deals with the man's view of this period. The conclusion of the theoretical part describes in more detail changes of the relationship during the transition to parenthood and introduces foreign research of this topic. The empirical part then presents the survey itself, where women expecting their first child expressed satisfaction with their relationship both during pregnancy and after giving birth. The evaluated areas of the relationship of a couple include intimacy, communication, shared time, support, care and appreciation. The quality analysis of the statements of the female respondents with regard to the individual evaluated areas specifies the quantitative findings. The survey demonstrates a significant decrease of satisfaction of women with the relationship within the explored period, particularly in the area of intimacy, manifestation of love, appreciation,...