Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--Stellenbosch University, 2009. / In this translation corpus study a monolingual comparable corpus of translated and nontranslated Afrikaans newspaper articles from Die Burger are compared with the use of WordSmith Tools 4. WordSmith Tools generates statistics, word lists and concordances that can be sorted in a variety of ways. The data generated for the translated and nontranslated subcorpora are then compared. This study follows on a translation corpus study of Afrikaans rugby articles by RG Bam (2005), which found that translated language differs from nontranslated language and that it also differs from the results for English in a similar study. The difference between the findings for English and Afrikaans is attributed to the commonality of the rugby articles. For this study the domains are extended to include topical articles, arts and entertainment, business news, foreign news and sport (rugby, athletics, soccer, cricket, bicycling, hockey and gholf). With the extended domains, my results are similar to the previous Afrikaans study regarding type-token ratio, average word length and lexical density, but not with regard to average sentence length and convergence. My finding on sentence length agrees with the finding for English newspaper articles. However, it is clear that Afrikaans translated articles differ from Afrikaans nontranslated articles and that Afrikaans differ from the way in which English translated articles differ from English nontranslated articles. A further extension on Bam's study is the use of an automatic Afrikaans part-ofspeech tagger that was developed by CTeXT in 2005. The tagged data was applied with good results to the calculation of lexical density and in determining the number of pronouns in the distinct subcorpora. Because corpus translation studies is a relatively young field, the methodology suggested by Laviosa-Braithwaite (1995) for corpus studies in English is tested to see whether it is applicable to Afrikaans. The methodology is in the form of hypotheses. Certain aspects are investigated easily by means of WordSmith Tools, but other aspects, such as die occurrence of superordinates, is not so readily applicable to the corpus methodology.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the emergence of the global village concept over the last two decades, the role of the act of translation has increased in importance. As people became aware of the value and significance of texts in foreign languages, it ignited an interest in the act of translation. Translations were no longer regarded as inferior, but rather worthy of study. Prior to the emergence of interest in translation, the translation process had received little attention, but now slowly became the focus point as researchers sought to unravel its idiosyncrasies. No longer were researchers merely prepared to accept the fruits of the process, but they questioned how the process came about, why it happened and which circumstances, both internal and external, influenced it. This research set out to investigate the similarities and differences between sports texts originally written in Afrikaans and translated sports texts that were translated from English into Afrikaans. Prior research on this topic had pointed to a marked lexical difference between original and translated texts. It was further postulated that the differences and similarities were caused by the translation process itself and were inherent to it. The current research attempted to determine these similarities and differences by means of an electronic lexical analysis of the original and translated corpora using Wordsmith Tools. The results confirmed the findings done in prior research, namely that there were lexical differences between original and translated texts. This study indicated that the differences were not significant for the study at hand. It further indicated that the reason for the lack of a significant difference was due to the common nature of the subject matter and a large degree of shared information. It was further suggested that the statistics could have been different if the commonality of topic had not been present. Further research would need to be undertaken by expanding the size and scope of the corpora so as to be able to reach conclusions based on a greater variety of texts. At the same time this research suggested that a qualitative analysis of the texts should be done to support the quantitative findings of the research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die snelle ontwikkeling in kommunikasie oor die laaste twee dekades, het die rol van vertaling van groter belang geword. Soos mense die waarde en belangrikheid van tekste in vreemde tale agtergekom het, het daar nuwe belangstelling in die proses van vertaling ontstaan. Vertaalde tekste is nie meer as minderwaardig geag nie, maar het nou die teiken van navorsing geword. Voor die nuwe belangstelling in vertaling posgevat het, het die proses van vertaling min aandag gekry, maar dit het stadig maar seker die fokuspunt van navorsers geword wat die eienaardighede van die proses wou ontrafel. Navorsers was nie meer tevrede met net die produk nie, maar het die proses ook ondersoek en wou weet waarom die proses op 'n sekere wyse plaasgevind het en watter omstandighede, intern sowel as ekstern, 'n invloed daarop uitgeoefen het. Hierdie navorsing het ten doelom die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen sporttekste wat oorspronklik in Afrikaans geskryf is en tekste wat uit Engels vertaal is, te ondersoek. Vorige navorsing op dié gebied het daarop gedui dat daar waarneembare verskille tussen vertaalde en oorspronklike tekste is en dat die verskille aan die proses self toegeskryf kan word en dat dit inherent deel is daarvan. Huidige navorsing het ten doelom die moontlike ooreenkomste en verskille vas te stel met behulp van 'n elektroniese leksikale ontleding van die oorspronklike en vertaalde korpora met behulp van Wordsmith Tools. Die bevindings van hierdie navorsing het die vorige navorsingsresultate bevestig, naamlik dat vertaalde en oorspronklike tekste op leksikale vlak verskil. Die huidige navorsing het egter aangetoon dat die verskille nie beduidend is hierdie studie ontleed is. Dit het verder aangedui dat die rede hiervoor toegeskryf kan word aan die gemeenskaplikheid van die materiaal en die groot hoeveelheid gedeelde inligting. Die navorsing het ook aangedui dat die statistiek moontlik sou verskil het indien die gemeenskaplikheid nie teenwoordig was nie. Verdere navorsing moet onderneem word deur die grootte en omvang van die korpora uit te brei sodat afleidings gemaak kan word met behulp van 'n groter verskeidenheid tekste. Terselfdertyd het die navorser aanbeveel dat kwalitatiewe navorsing van die tekste uitgevoer word om die bevindinge van die kwantitatiewe navorsing te ondersteun.

Thesis (MPhil (Dept. of Ancient Studies) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Mention is yet again made of a new translation of the Bible into Afrikaans. The question is: Which translation approach must be followed in order to ensure effective communication of this age-old message? In 2002 and 2003, a project was launched in Stellenbosch during which translation teams prepared four different draft translations of parts of the Bible from the original languages. A new translation model was used, namely Gutt's direct and indirect translation strategies, which were applied within Nord's functionalistic approach as framework. After the review of some of the most important Bible translations through the ages, main features of Nida's translation model are explained. It is indicated that the basis of his translation approach, the code model of communication, is regarded as insufficient for describing translation as a phenomenon. New developments in linguistics, namely Sperber and Wilson's exposition of Relevance Theory, and Translation Studies, namely Ernst-August Gutt's application of Relevance Theory to translation and Christiane Nord's version of the Skopos Theory, are discussed. The conclusion is made that these developments have been taken into account in the translation model of the Stellenbosch translation project and that the model is indeed theoretically well founded. Based on the annotations of the translation products, it was found that this abstract theoretical model can indeed be applied successfully in practice. The results of the empirical study indicate that the average reader does not always prefer the same type of translation on a specific kind of occasion, but has a need for an informal as well as a formal Bible translation. Following the findings of this study, proposals are made that can be applied during a possible new translation of the Bible into Afrikaans.

I declare that this research project is my own unaided work. It is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Arts in translation, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination at any other university. / This projeot examines Clive Wake's translation of Xala a neo-colonial French African novel by Sembene Ousmane' (1973) focusing on the manner in which the ideological content of the novel is approached and dealt with in translation. A comparison of passages in the source text chosen on the basis of their ideological contribution to the novel with the corresponding passages in this large text, forms the basis of the study. (Abbreviation abstract) / Andrew Chakane 2018

Masters Research Report presented in partial fulfilment of degree of Master in Translation (Option: Interpreting) at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Academic year: 2016 / The focus of the present study is church interpreting, which is commonly used in multilingual church environments and is usually performed by untrained, non-professional individuals, usually members of the congregation, who perceive interpreting as a voluntary community service. This study has been undertaken at the Mosaïek Church in Fairland, Johannesburg, an interdenominational Christian church. It is often assumed that anyone who speaks more than one language can be an interpreter; therefore, interpreting is not generally regarded as a profession by laypersons. However, research in interpreting studies demonstrates that interpreting demands skills, beyond bilingualism, that generally confer in interpreters the ability to convey messages. As a result, this study aims to fill the research gap in church interpreting studies, specifically in South Africa, to develop a training programme for church interpreters at Mosaïek Church and raise awareness about the profession. The researcher has recorded professional and non-professional interpreters’ rendition of a recorded sermon, keeping as closely to a real-life situation as possible. The recordings have been transcribed and analysed to determine the coping strategies used by each participant, in order to create a training programme for this specific church’s non-professional interpreters. / MT 2018

A translation research project submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in translation. Johannesburg November 1993 / The study focuses on the role of publishing strategies and the function of translation with specific reference to the German translation of Dalene Matthee's Fiela's Child The hypothetical scheme of Lambert and Van Gorp, which aims to show which relations play part in the production and shaping of translation as well as Fairclough serve as a basic guideline for the analysis of any genre-type shifts between high popular and trivial literature, with the hypothesis being that the publishing house has an influence on a genre-type shift taking place between high popular and trivial literature. The role of the German publishing house, namely the BasteiLubbe Verlag and its policies, are studied in this context. In addition, the relevance theoretical notion of processing efforts (Gutt) are applied to the text with regard to the German readership, / GR2017

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

Wong Suzanne Shu-Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-136). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter PART ONE --- Translation Process: A Metaphorical Mapping Approach / Chapter Chapter One --- James Holmes' Two-Map Two-Plane Text-Rank Translation Process Model / Chapter 1.1 --- Process-oriented Descriptive Translation Studies --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- The serial and structural planes in text processing --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Text maps and information continuums --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Correspondence and counterparts --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Translator's poetics --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Gideon Toury's cultural-semiotic approach to translating --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7 --- Summary --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Metaphor and Translation / Chapter 2.1 --- Metaphor and translation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Metaphor: from linguistic anomaly to cognitive assimilation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- l. A. Richards: interaction and connection --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Paul Ricoeur: innovation and rapprochement --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Cognitive linguistics: metaphorical mappings --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Cognitive matrix and polysystem --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Analogy and correspondence --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6 --- Hermeneutics: fore-knowledge and fusion --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor / Chapter 3.1 --- Metaphor comprehension and production --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Brief history and major theorists --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Max Black --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- George Lakoff --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Mark Turner and Gilles fauconnier --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- The structure of thought --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4 --- From text to concept --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- Cross-domain mapping --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conceptual blending --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter Four --- An Elaborated Translation Process Model / Chapter 4.1 --- Purpose of the model --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- The serial and structural planes in text processing - diachronic image and synchronic models --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Text maps and information continuums - the linguistic, literary and socio-cultural dimensions" --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Correspondence and counterparts 一 the blended target-text map --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5 --- Translator's poetics 一 factors affecting mapping and blending --- p.68 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.73 / Chapter PART TWO --- Translation Description: Map Analysis of Complex Metaphors / Chapter Chapter Five --- Translation-Descriptive Process: a Map Analysis Approach / Chapter 5.1 --- James Holmes' model of the translation-descriptive process --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- Translation description of complex metaphors from a map analysis approach --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- The translation and translatability of metaphors --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Peter Newmark 一 the criss-crossed area of sense --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Raymond van den Broeck - information structuration in literary texts --- p.84 / Chapter 5.4 --- The resonance of the whole of language --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5 --- Map analysis: the scope of metaphor --- p.91 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Case Study: English translations of the xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊）metaphor in the Zhuangzi / Chapter 6.1 --- Tao and metaphor: The Zhuangzi and its language --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2 --- The scope of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor in the Zhuangzi --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The metaphorical structuration of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The meaning foci of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- "The overarching metaphor, main meaning focus and central mappings of xiaoyaoyou" --- p.106 / Chapter 6.3 --- Translations of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- You (遊） --- p.109 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Cheng (乘)and other riding-related words --- p.116 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Xiaoyao (逍遙） --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊） --- p.120 / Chapter 6.4 --- "Linguistic, literary and socio-cultural mappings from source to target" --- p.125 / Chapter 6.5 --- Observations: hermeneutic sensitivity --- p.127 / Conclusion --- p.130 / Bibliography --- p.133 / Appendix 1 --- p.137

周晶. / "2011年9月". / "2011 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-214). / Abstract and table of contents in Chinese and English. / Zhou Jing. / 中文摘要 --- p.i / 英文摘要 --- p.ii / 前言 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.iv / 圖表目錄 --- p.vii / Chapter 第一章 --- 緖論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 研究目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 文本界定 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- 研究方法 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 原文背景和基本内容的考量 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- 原文作者和她的《喜福會》 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- 原文的文學主旨 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 母女關係 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 移民種族身份 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 文化衝突 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- 原文中表述的中西方文化概念 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- 小結 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《喜福會》的中譯本及相關研究 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- 《喜福會》的多重中譯本 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- 翻譯中的“本土化´ح和“外族化´ح現象 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Venuti (1995/2008, 1998 a-c)的理論" --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Venuti承上啟下的角色 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 造成“本土化´ح與“外族化´ح現象的原因 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- 小結 --- p.48 / Chapter 第四章 --- 文本描寫的理論框架 --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- 基本原則 --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2 --- 原文的描寫規範 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 界定文學主旨 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- 母女關係 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- 移民種族身份 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- 文化衝突 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- 小結 --- p.62 / Chapter 4. 2. 2 --- 界定本源文化概念 --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- 譯文的描寫規範 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 翻譯策略的兩種含義 --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- “本土化´ح或“外族化´ح的翻譯策略 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- 現有的研究 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- 本研究的描寫規範 --- p.85 / Chapter 4.4 --- 結語 --- p.95 / Chapter 第五章 --- 對應文本的例子分析 --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- 文學主旨的例子 --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- 母女關係 --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- 移民種族身份 --- p.108 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- 文化衝突 --- p.115 / Chapter 5.2 --- 本源文化概念的例子 --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 源語文化概念 --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 譯語文化概念 --- p.125 / Chapter 5.3 --- 結語 --- p.129 / Chapter 第六章 --- 語料庫及描寫數據 --- p.130 / Chapter 6.1 --- 雙語平行文本語料庫 --- p.130 / Chapter 6.2 --- 有關翻譯策略分佈比率的說明 --- p.138 / Chapter 6.3 --- 翻譯策略在個別譯本中分佈 --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- 于譯本 --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- 田譯本 --- p.144 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- 吳譯本 --- p.147 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- 程譯本…… --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- 多重譯本的比較 --- p.153 / Chapter 6.4 --- 翻譯策略在四個譯本中的整體分佈 --- p.158 / Chapter 6.5 --- 誤差測定 --- p.161 / Chapter 6.6 --- 結語 --- p.164 / Chapter 第七章 --- 從翻譯的認知過程看翻譯策略的分佈 --- p.166 / Chapter 7.1 --- 翻譯認知過程的有關研究 --- p.167 / Chapter 7.2 --- 雙語處理過程的經濟原則 --- p.173 / Chapter 7.3 --- 理論框架的延伸 --- p.181 / Chapter 7.4 --- 對《喜福會》中譯本中翻譯策略分佈的解讀 --- p.184 / Chapter 7.5 --- 結語 --- p.187 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 --- p.189 / 參考文獻 --- p.197 / 英文目錄 --- p.215