Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the emergence of the global village concept over the last two decades, the role of the act of translation has increased in importance. As people became aware of the value and significance of texts in foreign languages, it ignited an interest in the act of translation. Translations were no longer regarded as inferior, but rather worthy of study. Prior to the emergence of interest in translation, the translation process had received little attention, but now slowly became the focus point as researchers sought to unravel its idiosyncrasies. No longer were researchers merely prepared to accept the fruits of the process, but they questioned how the process came about, why it happened and which circumstances, both internal and external, influenced it. This research set out to investigate the similarities and differences between sports texts originally written in Afrikaans and translated sports texts that were translated from English into Afrikaans. Prior research on this topic had pointed to a marked lexical difference between original and translated texts. It was further postulated that the differences and similarities were caused by the translation process itself and were inherent to it. The current research attempted to determine these similarities and differences by means of an electronic lexical analysis of the original and translated corpora using Wordsmith Tools. The results confirmed the findings done in prior research, namely that there were lexical differences between original and translated texts. This study indicated that the differences were not significant for the study at hand. It further indicated that the reason for the lack of a significant difference was due to the common nature of the subject matter and a large degree of shared information. It was further suggested that the statistics could have been different if the commonality of topic had not been present. Further research would need to be undertaken by expanding the size and scope of the corpora so as to be able to reach conclusions based on a greater variety of texts. At the same time this research suggested that a qualitative analysis of the texts should be done to support the quantitative findings of the research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die snelle ontwikkeling in kommunikasie oor die laaste twee dekades, het die rol van vertaling van groter belang geword. Soos mense die waarde en belangrikheid van tekste in vreemde tale agtergekom het, het daar nuwe belangstelling in die proses van vertaling ontstaan. Vertaalde tekste is nie meer as minderwaardig geag nie, maar het nou die teiken van navorsing geword. Voor die nuwe belangstelling in vertaling posgevat het, het die proses van vertaling min aandag gekry, maar dit het stadig maar seker die fokuspunt van navorsers geword wat die eienaardighede van die proses wou ontrafel. Navorsers was nie meer tevrede met net die produk nie, maar het die proses ook ondersoek en wou weet waarom die proses op 'n sekere wyse plaasgevind het en watter omstandighede, intern sowel as ekstern, 'n invloed daarop uitgeoefen het. Hierdie navorsing het ten doelom die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen sporttekste wat oorspronklik in Afrikaans geskryf is en tekste wat uit Engels vertaal is, te ondersoek. Vorige navorsing op dié gebied het daarop gedui dat daar waarneembare verskille tussen vertaalde en oorspronklike tekste is en dat die verskille aan die proses self toegeskryf kan word en dat dit inherent deel is daarvan. Huidige navorsing het ten doelom die moontlike ooreenkomste en verskille vas te stel met behulp van 'n elektroniese leksikale ontleding van die oorspronklike en vertaalde korpora met behulp van Wordsmith Tools. Die bevindings van hierdie navorsing het die vorige navorsingsresultate bevestig, naamlik dat vertaalde en oorspronklike tekste op leksikale vlak verskil. Die huidige navorsing het egter aangetoon dat die verskille nie beduidend is hierdie studie ontleed is. Dit het verder aangedui dat die rede hiervoor toegeskryf kan word aan die gemeenskaplikheid van die materiaal en die groot hoeveelheid gedeelde inligting. Die navorsing het ook aangedui dat die statistiek moontlik sou verskil het indien die gemeenskaplikheid nie teenwoordig was nie. Verdere navorsing moet onderneem word deur die grootte en omvang van die korpora uit te brei sodat afleidings gemaak kan word met behulp van 'n groter verskeidenheid tekste. Terselfdertyd het die navorser aanbeveel dat kwalitatiewe navorsing van die tekste uitgevoer word om die bevindinge van die kwantitatiewe navorsing te ondersteun.

Thesis (M Phil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The functional approach to translation is investigated in the context of Bible translation. For some practising translators, functionalism has application only in the production of instrumental translations, and for them this approach will inevitably lead to the dethroning of the source text. In Bible translation the status of the source text is very important. With the functional equivalence approach this status is disregarded in an effort to produce a Bible translation that can be used as a missionary instrument. Within functionalism, however, a documentaryexoticising translation can retain the status of the source text and can have the skopos to bridge the cultural gap between Biblical times and the modern world by adding cultural information. This was the skopos of a functional translation of the New Testament in German. Examples from this translation, as well as examples from the NAV (1983), were examined qualitatively to see how additional cultural information could assist the target reader in understanding the otherness of the ancient Biblical text. An empirical investigation was done. Text fragments from the NAV (1983), with cultural information added, were presented to people who study the Bible regularly. The response to the additional cultural information was very positive. The focus in the literature study was on the functional approach to translation, also known as skopos theory. This was compared with the functional equivalence approach as well as the newer relevance theory approach as described by Gutt. Attention was also given to the importance of culture in translation. In the functional approach other skopoi and other target groups can be identified. In a further study, the application of this approach to the translation of the Old Testament can be investigated. The functional approach might also be used in the translation of other ancient religious texts such as the Koran and the Torah. The benefits of co-operation between experts in the field of the Biblical languages and culture and practising translators are shown. The skopos of the translation will give such a team the framework within which they can produce a translation with a specific aim for a specific target group. The functional approach can be applied broadly to include both instrumental and documentary translations. In the case of Bible translation the documentary-exoticising translation provides the framework wherein the source text of the Bible can be accounted for in a responsible way. The application of functionalism is, however, wide enough to include all types of translation, provided that a clear skopos is identified and formulated for each translation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na die rol wat die funksionalistiese benadering tot vertaling in Bybelvertaling kan speel. Sommige praktiserende vertalers het 'n beperkte siening van funksionalisme en koppel dit uitsluitlik aan 'n instrumentele vertaling en die noodwendige onttroning van die bronteks. In Bybelvertaling is die status van die bronteks een van die belangrikste kwessies. Met die funksioneel-ekwivalente benadering word hierdie status aangetas om 'n Bybelvertaling te kan lewer wat primêr as sendinginstrument gebruik kan word. Die funksionalistiese benadering bied egter die moontlikheid om 'n vertaling daar te stel wat dokumentêr-eksotiserend is, maar ook aan die leser daarvan bykomende kulturele inligting kan gee sodat die kultuurgaping oorbrug kan word. Hierdie spesifieke skopos is reeds toegepas in 'n funksionalistiese vertaling van die Nuwe Testament in Duits. Gedeeltes uit hierdie vertaling, asook uit die NAV (1983), word kwalitatief ondersoek om te sien hoe bykomende kulturele inligting die leser kan help om die andersheid van die antieke Bybelse teks beter te kan verstaan. In 'n empiriese ondersoek is teksgedeeltes uit die NAVen teksgedeeltes met bykomende kulturele inligting aan persone wat gereeld Bybelstudie doen, voorgelê. Hierdie lesers het die vertaling met die bykomende kulturele inligting baie positief ontvang. In die literatuurondersoek word die funksionalistiese benadering tot vertaling, ook genoem die skopos-teorie, breedvoerig bespreek en vergelyk met die funksioneleekwivalensie- benadering en die nuwer relevansie-teorie soos deur Gutt op vertaling van toepassing gemaak. Die verskillende aspekte van kultuur in vertaling kry ook aandag. Die funksionalistiese benadering bied die moontlikheid om ander skopoi en ander teikenlesers te identifiseer. In 'n verdere studie kan die toepassing van hierdie benadering op die vertaling van die Ou Testament ondersoek word. Die funksionalistiese benadering kan ook gebruik word by die vertaling van ander antieke religieuse tekste soos die Koran en die Torah. Die voordele van samewerking tussen kenners van die brontaal en -kultuur en praktiserende vertalers word uitgewys. In so 'n geval sal 'n duidelike skopos aan die kenners die raamwerk verskaf waa~binne 'n vertaling met 'n spesifieke doel en teikengroep aangepak kan word. Die funksionalistiese benadering kan breedweg toegepas word om sowel instrumentele as dokumentêre vertalings in te sluit. In die geval van Bybelvertaling bied die dokumentêreksotiserende vertaling 'n raamwerk waarbinne die bronteks van die Bybel verantwoordbaar in berekening gebring kan word. Die reikwydte van funksionalisme is egter sodanig dat dit enige tipe vertaling kan insluit op voorwaarde dat 'n duidelike skopos vir elke afsonderlike vertaling gedefinieer word.

Masters Research Report presented in partial fulfilment of degree of Master in Translation (Option: Interpreting) at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Academic year: 2016 / The focus of the present study is church interpreting, which is commonly used in multilingual church environments and is usually performed by untrained, non-professional individuals, usually members of the congregation, who perceive interpreting as a voluntary community service. This study has been undertaken at the Mosaïek Church in Fairland, Johannesburg, an interdenominational Christian church. It is often assumed that anyone who speaks more than one language can be an interpreter; therefore, interpreting is not generally regarded as a profession by laypersons. However, research in interpreting studies demonstrates that interpreting demands skills, beyond bilingualism, that generally confer in interpreters the ability to convey messages. As a result, this study aims to fill the research gap in church interpreting studies, specifically in South Africa, to develop a training programme for church interpreters at Mosaïek Church and raise awareness about the profession. The researcher has recorded professional and non-professional interpreters’ rendition of a recorded sermon, keeping as closely to a real-life situation as possible. The recordings have been transcribed and analysed to determine the coping strategies used by each participant, in order to create a training programme for this specific church’s non-professional interpreters. / MT 2018

A translation research project submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in translation. Johannesburg November 1993 / The study focuses on the role of publishing strategies and the function of translation with specific reference to the German translation of Dalene Matthee's Fiela's Child The hypothetical scheme of Lambert and Van Gorp, which aims to show which relations play part in the production and shaping of translation as well as Fairclough serve as a basic guideline for the analysis of any genre-type shifts between high popular and trivial literature, with the hypothesis being that the publishing house has an influence on a genre-type shift taking place between high popular and trivial literature. The role of the German publishing house, namely the BasteiLubbe Verlag and its policies, are studied in this context. In addition, the relevance theoretical notion of processing efforts (Gutt) are applied to the text with regard to the German readership, / GR2017

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

Gao Wei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Bibliographic Notes --- p.v / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- What is Transliteration? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Existing Problems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Source-channel Model --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Transliteration for English-Chinese --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Rule-based Approach --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Similarity-based Framework --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Direct Semi-Statistical Approach --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Source-channel-based Approach --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- Transliteration Baseline --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Transliteration Using IBM SMT --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- GIZA++ for Transliteration Modeling --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- CMU-Cambridge Toolkits for Language Modeling --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Re Write Decoder for Decoding --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Limitations of IBM SMT --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experiments Using IBM SMT --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Data Preparation --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Performance Measurement --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.27 / Chapter 3.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.28 / Chapter 4 --- Direct Transliteration Modeling --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1 --- Soundness of the Direct Model一Direct-1 --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Alignment of Phoneme Chunks --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3 --- Transliteration Model Training --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- EM Training for Symbol-mappings --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- WFST for Phonetic Transition --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Issues for Incorrect Syllables --- p.36 / Chapter 4.4 --- Language Model Training --- p.36 / Chapter 4.5 --- Search Algorithm --- p.39 / Chapter 4.6 --- Experimental Results --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Experiment I: C.A. Distribution --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Experiment II: Top-n Accuracy --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Experiment III: Comparisons with the Baseline --- p.43 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Experiment IV： Influence of m Candidates --- p.43 / Chapter 4.7 --- Discussions --- p.43 / Chapter 4.8 --- Chapter Summary --- p.46 / Chapter 5 --- Improving Direct Transliteration --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1 --- Improved Direct Model´ؤDirect-2 --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Enlightenment from Source-Channel --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Using Contextual Features --- p.48 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Estimation Based on MaxEnt --- p.49 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Features for Transliteration --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2 --- Direct-2 Model Training --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Procedure and Results --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Discussions --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3 --- Refining the Model Direct-2 --- p.55 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Refinement Solutions --- p.55 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Direct-2R Model Training --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- Evaluation --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Search Algorithm --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Direct Transliteration Models vs. Baseline --- p.59 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Direct-2 vs. Direct-2R --- p.63 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Experiments on Direct-2R --- p.65 / Chapter 5.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.71 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.72 / Chapter 6.1 --- Thesis Summary --- p.72 / Chapter 6.2 --- Cross Language Applications --- p.73 / Chapter 6.3 --- Future Work and Directions --- p.74 / Chapter A --- IPA-ARPABET Symbol Mapping Table --- p.77 / Bibliography --- p.82

Wong Suzanne Shu-Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-136). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter PART ONE --- Translation Process: A Metaphorical Mapping Approach / Chapter Chapter One --- James Holmes' Two-Map Two-Plane Text-Rank Translation Process Model / Chapter 1.1 --- Process-oriented Descriptive Translation Studies --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- The serial and structural planes in text processing --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Text maps and information continuums --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Correspondence and counterparts --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Translator's poetics --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Gideon Toury's cultural-semiotic approach to translating --- p.14 / Chapter 1.7 --- Summary --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Metaphor and Translation / Chapter 2.1 --- Metaphor and translation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Metaphor: from linguistic anomaly to cognitive assimilation --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- l. A. Richards: interaction and connection --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Paul Ricoeur: innovation and rapprochement --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Cognitive linguistics: metaphorical mappings --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Cognitive matrix and polysystem --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Analogy and correspondence --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6 --- Hermeneutics: fore-knowledge and fusion --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor / Chapter 3.1 --- Metaphor comprehension and production --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Brief history and major theorists --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Max Black --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- George Lakoff --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Mark Turner and Gilles fauconnier --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- The structure of thought --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4 --- From text to concept --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- Cross-domain mapping --- p.52 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conceptual blending --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter Four --- An Elaborated Translation Process Model / Chapter 4.1 --- Purpose of the model --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- The serial and structural planes in text processing - diachronic image and synchronic models --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Text maps and information continuums - the linguistic, literary and socio-cultural dimensions" --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Correspondence and counterparts 一 the blended target-text map --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5 --- Translator's poetics 一 factors affecting mapping and blending --- p.68 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.73 / Chapter PART TWO --- Translation Description: Map Analysis of Complex Metaphors / Chapter Chapter Five --- Translation-Descriptive Process: a Map Analysis Approach / Chapter 5.1 --- James Holmes' model of the translation-descriptive process --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- Translation description of complex metaphors from a map analysis approach --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- The translation and translatability of metaphors --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Peter Newmark 一 the criss-crossed area of sense --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Raymond van den Broeck - information structuration in literary texts --- p.84 / Chapter 5.4 --- The resonance of the whole of language --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5 --- Map analysis: the scope of metaphor --- p.91 / Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Case Study: English translations of the xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊）metaphor in the Zhuangzi / Chapter 6.1 --- Tao and metaphor: The Zhuangzi and its language --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2 --- The scope of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor in the Zhuangzi --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The metaphorical structuration of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The meaning foci of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- "The overarching metaphor, main meaning focus and central mappings of xiaoyaoyou" --- p.106 / Chapter 6.3 --- Translations of the xiaoyaoyou metaphor --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- You (遊） --- p.109 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Cheng (乘)and other riding-related words --- p.116 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Xiaoyao (逍遙） --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊） --- p.120 / Chapter 6.4 --- "Linguistic, literary and socio-cultural mappings from source to target" --- p.125 / Chapter 6.5 --- Observations: hermeneutic sensitivity --- p.127 / Conclusion --- p.130 / Bibliography --- p.133 / Appendix 1 --- p.137

周晶. / "2011年9月". / "2011 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-214). / Abstract and table of contents in Chinese and English. / Zhou Jing. / 中文摘要 --- p.i / 英文摘要 --- p.ii / 前言 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.iv / 圖表目錄 --- p.vii / Chapter 第一章 --- 緖論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 研究目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 文本界定 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- 研究方法 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 原文背景和基本内容的考量 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- 原文作者和她的《喜福會》 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- 原文的文學主旨 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 母女關係 --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 移民種族身份 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 文化衝突 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- 原文中表述的中西方文化概念 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- 小結 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《喜福會》的中譯本及相關研究 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- 《喜福會》的多重中譯本 --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- 翻譯中的“本土化´ح和“外族化´ح現象 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Venuti (1995/2008, 1998 a-c)的理論" --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Venuti承上啟下的角色 --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 造成“本土化´ح與“外族化´ح現象的原因 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- 小結 --- p.48 / Chapter 第四章 --- 文本描寫的理論框架 --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- 基本原則 --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2 --- 原文的描寫規範 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 界定文學主旨 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- 母女關係 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- 移民種族身份 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- 文化衝突 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- 小結 --- p.62 / Chapter 4. 2. 2 --- 界定本源文化概念 --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- 譯文的描寫規範 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 翻譯策略的兩種含義 --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- “本土化´ح或“外族化´ح的翻譯策略 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- 現有的研究 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- 本研究的描寫規範 --- p.85 / Chapter 4.4 --- 結語 --- p.95 / Chapter 第五章 --- 對應文本的例子分析 --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1 --- 文學主旨的例子 --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- 母女關係 --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- 移民種族身份 --- p.108 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- 文化衝突 --- p.115 / Chapter 5.2 --- 本源文化概念的例子 --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 源語文化概念 --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 譯語文化概念 --- p.125 / Chapter 5.3 --- 結語 --- p.129 / Chapter 第六章 --- 語料庫及描寫數據 --- p.130 / Chapter 6.1 --- 雙語平行文本語料庫 --- p.130 / Chapter 6.2 --- 有關翻譯策略分佈比率的說明 --- p.138 / Chapter 6.3 --- 翻譯策略在個別譯本中分佈 --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- 于譯本 --- p.141 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- 田譯本 --- p.144 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- 吳譯本 --- p.147 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- 程譯本…… --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- 多重譯本的比較 --- p.153 / Chapter 6.4 --- 翻譯策略在四個譯本中的整體分佈 --- p.158 / Chapter 6.5 --- 誤差測定 --- p.161 / Chapter 6.6 --- 結語 --- p.164 / Chapter 第七章 --- 從翻譯的認知過程看翻譯策略的分佈 --- p.166 / Chapter 7.1 --- 翻譯認知過程的有關研究 --- p.167 / Chapter 7.2 --- 雙語處理過程的經濟原則 --- p.173 / Chapter 7.3 --- 理論框架的延伸 --- p.181 / Chapter 7.4 --- 對《喜福會》中譯本中翻譯策略分佈的解讀 --- p.184 / Chapter 7.5 --- 結語 --- p.187 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結論 --- p.189 / 參考文獻 --- p.197 / 英文目錄 --- p.215

劉熙賢. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1997. / 參考文獻 (leaves 95-97). / Liu Xixian. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)-- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1997. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 95-97). / Chapter 第一章 --- 麥肯泰爾的德性理論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- 德性與實踐 --- p.4 / Chapter 3. --- 敘述：行爲的歷史性格 --- p.7 / Chapter 4. --- 傳統文化的傳貽 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二章 --- 傳統與相對主義 --- p.14 / Chapter 1. --- 《誰之公正？何種理性？》的理論架構 --- p.14 / Chapter 2. --- 傳統與創建傳統的三個階段 --- p.16 / Chapter 3. --- 傳統與相對主義 --- p.20 / Chapter 4. --- 相對主義 --- p.24 / Chapter 5. --- 「知識論危機」 --- p.26 / Chapter 6. --- 批評 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章 --- 可譯性與跨文化翻譯 --- p.38 / Chapter 1. --- 小引 --- p.38 / Chapter 2. --- 爲何討論翻譯理論？ --- p.40 / Chapter 3. --- 翻譯正名 --- p.45 / Chapter 4. --- 譯事之難 --- p.47 / Chapter 5. --- 本土與異文化：近代翻譯理論的啓示 --- p.54 / Chapter 6. --- 從名詞的翻譯論不可譯之因由 --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 從相對主義到可譯性 --- p.67 / Chapter 1. --- 「最難駁的相對主義」 --- p.67 / Chapter 2. --- 三種「不可翻譯性」 --- p.71 / Chapter 3. --- 文化沙文主義 --- p.75 / Chapter 4. --- 整理與批評 --- p.78 / Chapter 5. --- 結論 --- p.90 / 參考書目 --- p.95

Orientador: Maria Angélica Deângeli / Banca: Angélica Karim Garcia Simão / Banca: Érica Luciene Alves de Lima / Resumo: Neste trabalho buscamos demonstrar como os títulos jornalísticos do jornal Le Monde traduzidos pelo portal UOL podem (re)direcionar as interpretações das reportagens, bem como tais traduções podem propagar representações "enviesadas" sobre o outro, ao reforçarem estereótipos e pré-julgamentos dos envolvidos nos fatos noticiados. Com o intuito de elaborar uma reflexão acerca do sujeito e sua relação com mundo globalizado, retomamos os estudos de Hall (2000), de Silva (2000) e de Bauman (2005), chamando atenção para a questão indissociável entre língua e identidade. Na conjuntura pósmoderna, os meios tecnológicos de comunicação deram velocidade não só ao modo como se produz informação, mas também dinamizaram a propagação de conteúdo de toda sorte, na internet, por meio de traduções. No que diz respeito à questão da tradução, nesta pesquisa, apoiamo-nos nos trabalhos de Arrojo (1986; 1996), de Rodrigues (2006; 2008) e de Crépon (2004), para pensarmos o papel da tradução enquanto discurso que sustenta a "prática da diferença". Com relação à tradução jornalística, discorremos sobre as transformações que tais textos apresentam, transformações motivadas por fatores não só estilísticos, mas também e, principalmente, culturais, políticos, econômicos e ideológicos sobre os quais, na maioria das vezes, o tradutor não tem nenhum controle. Para tanto, destacamos os trabalhos de Guerrero (2004; 2006; 2008), de Zipser e Polchlopek (2009), de Bielsa e Bassnett (2009), de Moreno (2003),... / Abstract: This essay aims to demonstrate how the headlines of the Le Monde newspaper translated by the UOL portal can (re)direct the interpretations of the news coverage. Furthermore, such translations may propagate "biased" representations of the 'other' by reinforcing stereotypes and pre-concepts of those involved in the facts reported. With the purpose of elaborating a reflection about the subject and its relationship with the world, this essay focuses on the studies of Hall (2000), Silva (2000) and Bauman (2005), drawing attention to the inseparability between language and identity. In this postmodern conjuncture, the technological means of communication accelerated not only how information is produced, but also the dynamics of dissemination of content of all sorts on the internet through translations. With regard to translations, this essay supports the work of Arrojo (1986); Rodrigues (2006, 2008) and Crépon (2004) about the role of translation as a discourse that underpins the "practice of difference". The analysis also focuses on the transformations that these texts present, and how they are motivated by factors not only related to stylistics, but also, and mainly, to cultural, political, economic, and ideological issues that in most cases the translator has no control over. On this matter, the argument is supported by the works of Guerrero (2004; 2006; 2008), Zipser and Polchlopek (2009), Bielsa and Bassnett (2009), Moreno (2003), among others. In the analysis, it is ... / Mestre