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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the expansion of strontium (Sr) analysis options and to used engine oil

Binzowaimil, Ayed M 06 August 2021 (has links)
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique that allows quantitative and qualitative analysis of many materials. In this study, the LIBS analysis options for strontium mixture powders is expanded by increasing the number of usable strontium atomic transitions to avoid incorrect results due to spectral congestion or high strontium concentrations. The research employs double-sided tape affixed to a glass slide to hold the sample where the powder is poured onto one surface of the tape and excess dust that has not adhered is removed. This method minimizes the sample quantity needed and keeps the sample on the slide during experimentation, which also reduces costs. Herein, LIBS was used to detect and quantify the level of metal concentrations in used engine oil samples to provide valuable information about the composition of the selected material in a liquid sample. Data were obtained using multivariate analysis to develop calibration curves using LIBS spectra, which was employed for the quantification of the elements Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn. The relationship between the peak intensity of the metals in new engine oil samples and the metal concentrations in used engine oil samples were analyzed to minimize the matrix effect and the interference of element lines after which the atomic emission observed in LIBS spectra of used engine oil and new engine oil were compared. C2 molecular band emissions were also used to determine the degree of the engine oil degradation. Next, calibration models were developed for samples with high species concentrations. A partial least squares regression model was developed for calibration models to overcome matrix effect problems of some lines of each metal. This research successfully used the LIBS technique to determine the degree of engine oil degradation. This study established that used engine oil analysis using the LIBS technique can be utilized to maintain engines in good condition and to prevent engine failure. This paper presents the key findings and conclusions regarding the application of LIBS. Finally, although this technique shows many benefits and reliable results, challenges remain in terms of matrix effects, spectral pre-processing, model calibration, and instrumentation.
2

Tillståndsövervakning av rullningslager med hjälp av E-näsa

Kristiansen, Pontus, Postnikov, Roman January 2018 (has links)
I dagsläget finns det ingen standardiserad metod för att mäta en enhets tillstånd medhjälp av dofter. Vid tillståndsövervakning av rullningslager är vibrationsmätning denmest dominanta metoden. I samband med vibrationsmätning används i vissa falltemperaturövervakning för att få en bättre insikt på rullningslagrets tillstånd. I det härarbetet undersöks de om en elektronisk näsa kan avgöra ett rullningslagers tillstånd.Innan några mätningar påbörjas monterades en elektronisk näsa ihop i ett hölje sombestår av ett kretskort, metalloxid-sensorer och en fläkt för att styra dofter med ettkonstant flöde mot sensorerna. Den elektroniska näsan styrs av en Arduino Nanomikrokontroller. Utöver e-näsan sättes en enhet ihop tillhörande två temperaturgivareoch en luftfuktighetsgivare som styrs av en Arduino UNO. Enhetens syfte är att kunnakontrollera de rådande förhållandena vid mätningar och för att leta någon form avkorrelation mot e-näsan vid eventuella utslag. Förstörande prover av kullager utfördesför att se om e-näsan reagerar innan ett lagerhaveri. Testerna gjordes i en öppen samtsluten miljö och tre stycken olika oljor används för att smörja lagret. Detta för att seom e-näsan reagerar olika beroende på vilken olja som används. En undersökningutförs ifall den elektroniska näsan kan separera på de tre oljorna som används ilagertesterna. För att utvärdera mätresultaten används Excel och Minitab, därprincipalkomponentanalyser genomförs på all mätdata. Efter att alla lagerprover harverkställts utfördes en uppföljning av rullningslagrena för att studera deras tillstånd,detta genom ett optiskt mikroskop.Det framgår i rapporten att med hjälp av analysmetoden PCA syns det att denelektroniska näsan kunde skilja på hydraulolja, motorolja och växellådsolja. Utslag iPCA för de olika mätserierna blev inte identiska men det blev tydligaklusterindelningar hos samtliga mätserier. Genomförd studie visade att med delagerhaveri samt temperaturer går det inte att avgöra ett kullagers tillstånd med hjälpav en elektronisk näsa. Eftersom att de specifika gas-sensorerna som användes till enäsaninte gav någon form av utslag vid mätningarna. Den elektroniska näsanreagerade däremot vid totalhaveri av kullager, vilket är för sent i ett förebyggandeunderhållsperspektiv. Detta medförde att den elektroniska näsan inte kan användas förtillståndsövervakning av det specifika kullagret som användes vid denna studie. / At present, there is no standardized method of measuring a device's condition with thehelp of odors. In condition monitoring of rolling bearings, vibration measurement isthe most dominant method. In case of vibration measurement, temperature monitoringis used in some cases to get a better insight into the condition of the bearing. In thiswork, it is investigated whether an electronic nose can determine the condition of arolling bearing.Before any measurements began, an electronic nose is assembled in a housingconsisting of a circuit board, metal oxide sensors and a fan for stearing odors with aconstant flow towards the sensors. The electronic nose is controlled by an ArduinoNano which is a microcontroller. In addition to the e-nose, a unit is connected to twotemperature sensors and a humidity sensor controlled by an Arduino UNO. The unit'spurpose is to monitor the status and to look for any kind of correlation with the e-nosein case of any possible findings. Destructive specimens of ball bearings are performedto see if the e-nose responds prior to a bearing failure. Tests are conducted in an openand closed environment and three different oils are used to lubricate the bearings.This to see if the e-nose acts differently depending on the oil that is used. Aninvestigation is conducted if the electronic nose can separate the three different typesof oils that is used in the destructive bearing tests. To evaluate the measurementresults, Excel and Minitab are used, where principal component analysis is performedon all measurement data. After all bearing tests have been performed, a follow-up ofthe rolling bearings condition is performed, this through an optical microscope.The report shows that using the PCA analysis method, it appears that the electronicnose could distinguish between hydraulic oil, engine oil and gear oil. In the PCA forthe different measurement series the results did not become identical, but clusterdivisions became clear in all measurement series. Completed study showed that withthese bearing failures and temperatures, it is not possible to determine the condition ofthis ball bearer using an electronic nose. Because the specific gas sensors used for thee-nose did not give any kind of impact during the measurements. On the other hand,the electronic nose responded to a total failure of a ball bearing, which is too late in apreventative maintenance perspective. Therefore, the electronic nose cannot be usedfor condition monitoring of the specific ball bearing used in this study.

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